ABSTRACT
In this study, a novel oral drug delivery system based on linolenic acid-modified chitosan (CS-LA) micelle was developed to improve the oral bioavailability of doxorubicin (DOX), which was proven by its in vivo intestinal absorption in rats. The DOX-loaded CS-LA micelles (CS-LA@DOX) were prepared by the dialysis method. The synthesized micelle material was identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). A series of the micelle properties, including particle size distribution, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), drug loading (DL), micromorphology, polymorphy, and critical micelle concentration (CMC) were characterized or tested. The in vitro release of micelles was observed by the dialysis method, and the absorption-promoting effect of micelles was investigated by intestinal circulation experiments in rats. The animal welfare and experimental procedures were in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Guilin Medical University. The results of 1H-NMR and FT-IR showed that CS and LA were covalently bound via an amide linkage. The DOX encapsulated in the micelle core was in an amorphous state. The as-prepared micelles in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) image showed regular spherical shapes and uniform sizes with a series of excellent characteristics including (119.2 ± 2.1) nm of mean particle size [polymer dispersity index (PDI), 0.190 ± 0.08], +12.1 mV of zeta potential, (70.23 ± 0.74) % of EE, (8.77 ± 0.02) % of DL and 51.75 μg·mL-1 of CMC. Compared with the reference, DOX hydrochloride, the proposed micelle drug delivery system showed an obvious sustained-release effect in vitro release; and enhanced drug absorption in the small intestine of rats.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the potential toxic effects and mechanisms of Tris(1; 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) on thyroid in female SD rats. Thirty-two 3-weeks-old female SD rats were randomly divided into normal group(treated with corn oil ), and low/moderate/high-dose group treated with TDCIPP (dissolved in corn oil )(n=8). All rats were treated with corn oil or TDCIPP (50, 100, 250 mg/(kg·d)) once a day during a 21-day period. All rats were sacrificed after the last administration. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronine (T4), free 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronine (FT4) were detected with ELISA kit. Morphology of thyroid was observed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Expressions of genes and proteins correlate with thyroid were measured respectively by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot. Compared with control group, morphology of thyroid showed follicles irregular arrangement, hypocolloid, and follicular hyperplasia in TDCIPP treatment groups. The levels of serum TSH in low-dose TDCIPP group and T3 in high-dose TDCIPP group were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.05). Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) mRNA expression was decreased distinctly in low-dose TDCIPP group, while the expression of thyroperoxidase (TPO) mRNA was increased notably in moderate and high-dose TDCIPP groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.01). Compared with control group, the level of TRβ protein was decreased significantly in moderate and high-dose TDCIPP groups, while the expressions of udp-glucuronosyl-transferases (UGTs) and cytochrome-p450-3A1 (CYP3A1) proteins were upregulated notably in TDCIPP treatment groups(P＜0.05). Treated with 50 mg/(kg·d) TDCIPP can cause thyroid hyperplasia, change the levels of thyroid hormones, and disturb thyroid function, therefore, it has toxic effects on the thyroid.
ABSTRACT
Peach brown rot, caused by Monilinia fructicola, is one of the most serious peach diseases. A strain belonging to the Actinomycetales, named Streptomyces blastmyceticus JZB130180, was found to have a strong inhibitory effect on M. fructicola in confrontation culture. Following the inoculation of peaches in vitro, it was revealed that the fermentation broth of S. blastmyceticus JZB130180 had a significant inhibitory effect on disease development by M. fructicola. The fermentation broth of S. blastmyceticus JZB130180 had an EC50 (concentration for 50% of maximal effect) of 38.3 µg/mL against M. fructicola, as determined in an indoor toxicity test. Analysis of the physicochemical properties of the fermentation broth revealed that it was tolerant of acid and alkaline conditions, temperature, and ultraviolet radiation. In addition, chitinase, cellulase, and protease were also found to be secreted by the strain. The results of this study suggest that S. blastmyceticus JZB130180 may be used for the biocontrol of peach brown rot.
Subject(s)
Ascomycota/pathogenicity , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Cell Wall/metabolism , Cellulase/metabolism , Chitinases/metabolism , Fermentation , Fruit/microbiology , Pest Control, Biological/methods , Phylogeny , Plant Diseases/prevention & control , Prunus persica/microbiology , Siderophores/metabolism , Streptomyces/physiologyABSTRACT
italic>Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is an intestinal bacterium that was isolated from human feces in 2004. Its specialization in mucin degradation makes it a key organism that maintains the intestinal mucosal barrier function. A. muciniphila, which is the only representative of the Verrucomicrobia that can be cultured, is relatively easy to be detected in metagenomic analysis. For the past few years, A. muciniphila has quickly attracted the attention of researchers and become a medical and biological hotspot due to the close correlation between its intestinal colonization and the development and progression of various metabolic diseases. This review introduces the biological characteristics and colonization environment of A. muciniphila, and reviews its relationship with host health and disease, especially focusing on the metabolic disease and related mechanism, as well as the factors affecting its colonization in the host, expecting to provide evidence and clues for drug development targeting A. muciniphila.
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Objective:Clinical study in the treatment of common bile duct stones combined with ERCP and EST.Methods:the October 2014-2017 year in February for hepatobiliary surgery inour hospital after ERCP combined with LC in the treatment of patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis in 158 cases.According to ERCP postoperative LC interval difference divided into ERCP definite operation LC group(104 cases) and ERCP Elective operation LC surgery group(54 cases).The definite operation for ERCP LC group is LC line 24h-72h,another is the patients were givenLC for 3 months after ERCP.The clinical efficacy,LC operation time,hemorrhage,the gallstone is discharged into the bile duct,recurrent cholecystitis,bile leakage,length of stay and medical fee were compared between the two groups (ERCP definite operation LC group of single hospitalization time;ERCP Elective operation LC surgery group of two hospital hours together),average ERCP times,medical expenses.Results:all of the two groups were cured after operation.length of sta is long and medical expensive which was selected a time to do (P＜0.05).Conclusion:ERCP definite operation of LC group in the treatment of common bile duct stones and gallbladder stones surgery is safe,less medical expenses,hospitalization time is short,patients recover quickly,the burden is small.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of platelet mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase 6( ATPase-6)gene in patients with occupational chronic myeloid leukemia( CML) caused by benzene. METHODS: Five occupational benzene induced CML patients were selected as the case group and 21 healthy workers without benzene exposure were selected as the control group,venous blood were drew from these study subjects. The number of platelet was counted. The level of mitochondrial ATPase-6 gene was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The platelet count in case group was lower than that of control group [( 135. 2 ± 32. 6) ×10~9/ L vs( 239. 7 ± 77. 5) ×10~9/ L,P < 0. 05]. The ratio of ATPase-6 gene / platelet was higher than that of control group( median: 3. 43 ×10~(-4)copies vs 1. 87 ×10~(-4)copies,P < 0. 05). The ATPase-6 gene level in case group showed no significant difference when compared with that of control group( median: 4. 83 ×10~7 copies / L vs 3. 24 ×10~7 copies / L,P > 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The benzene induced CML patients shows more sensitive change in ratio of ATPase-6 gene / platelet than in ATPase-6 gene level.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate efficacy of simple osteotomy for correct hallux valgus,and explore its scope and condition.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From December 2009 to April 2011, 20 patients (32 feet) with hallux valgus were treated by simple osteotomy. There were 1 male (1 foot), 19 females (31 feet) with an average age of 40 years (ranged, 22 to 64 years). The course of disease ranged from 2 to 31 years(mean 12 years). Among them, 6 feet were mild, 20 feet were moderate, 6 feet were serious. Patients had symptoms of metatarsophalangeal joint pain, but tensity of lateral soft tissue were normal. Hallux Valgus Angle (HVA) and Intermetatarsal Angle (IMA) were examined before and after treatment. The criteria of hallux valgus was used to evaluate the effects from valgus deformity, activity of metatarsophalangeal joint, satisfaction of patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty patients were followed up from 6 to 18 months with an average of 8.5 months. The wounds were healed well, no infection and metatarsal head necrosis occurred, 95.1% of patients were satisfied with the efficacy. Average AOFAS score increased from preoperative (53.1 +/- 7.5) points to the final follow-up (93.1 +/- l.9) points (P<0.05), the average correct HVA increased from preoperative (33.4 +/- 7.8) degrees to postoperative (11.9 +/- 3.6) degrees (P<0.05), the average IMA were decreased from preoperative (12.3 +/- 3.0) degrees to postoperative (6.3 +/- 1.9) degrees (P<0.05), tibial sesamoid position improved from 1.9 to 0.9 (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>the main pathological changes of hallux valgus patients with normal tension of lateral soft tissue is metatarsal adduction, simple osteotomy can get satisfactory results, no need to cut adductor muscle.</p>