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Objective Based on the techniques of continual tissue slices, the human epididymis was rebuilt for understanding the anatomical and histological features of the epididymal ducts. Methods Continuous tissue slices of one human epididymis were performed and digital slice images were obtained through scanning with Leica-Aperio AT2; the pipe wall of epididymal duct was aligned in sequence with Photoshop CC 2018 software and VGStudio MAX V3.0 software was used for three-dimensional synthesis. Finally, the later modification was carried out with Materialise Magics V22.0 software. Another human epididymis was used for electron microscopy. The histological features of epididymal ducts were analysed by combining slices and three-dimensional reconstruction. Results A total of 4331 and 543 slices in transverse and sagittal section respectively were prepared with a thickness of 7 |ira. According to the three-dimensional structure, regional distribution of human epididymal duct could be found obviously and the caput, corpus and cauda of epididymis could be clearly divided into 7, 9 and 4 subregions respectively. There were tissue intervals among adjacent subregions and epididymal ducts were disordered within each subregion, but differences were existed in tubular diameter and epithelial structure, and adjacent subregions were connected by single epididymal duct in the corpus and cauda. Conclusion The human epididymal duct can be successfully reconstructed by continual tissue slices technique. The human epididymal duct has regional distribution in space obviously and there are differences between different subregions.
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Surgery is the main treatment for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, for patients with locally advanced lesions, surgery-based comprehensive treatment is the best treatment strategy. According to the results of some randomized controlled clinical studies and meta-analysis, preoperative neoadjuvant therapy is recommended to improve the survival rate of patients. Neoadjuvant therapy includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Great progress has been made in neoadjuvant therapy, but there are still many clinical problems that need to be solved urgently, including the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant therapy, the choice of neoadjuvant regimen and treatment cycle, the best combination and advantages of multimodal treatment, and the selection of responders to treatment, etc. This article provides a systematic review of the latest developments and existing controversies in neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chemoradiotherapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Esophageal Neoplasms/surgery , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/therapy , Esophagectomy , Neoadjuvant TherapyABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the effects of recombinant human calcineurin B (rhCNB) on hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Methods: An in vivo mouse model with hepatocellular carcinoma was established, and the mice were randomized into the rhCNB, positive control and vehicle treatments groups. Tumor growth was assessed via bioluminescence using a small animal imaging system. Relative tumor proliferation rate and tumor growth inhibition were calculated. The expression of p53 and caspase-9 proteins in tumors were detected by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, flow cytometry was used to quantify the cell-cycle stages and rate of apoptosis. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR assays were used to evaluate the effects of rhCNB on protein and gene expression of CDK1, cyclin B1, p53 and caspase-9. Results: rhCNB at the higher dose significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo and caused tumor cell apoptosis in vitro. The rhCNB at the higher dose was as effective as cisplatin, and was safer. Conclusions: rhCNB has potent pro-apoptotic effects on tumor cells in vivo and in vitro and is well tolerated in vivo.
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Objective: To explore the effects of recombinant human calcineurin B (rhCNB) on hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Methods: An in vivo mouse model with hepatocellular carcinoma was established, and the mice were randomized into the rhCNB, positive control and vehicle treatments groups. Tumor growth was assessed via bioluminescence using a small animal imaging system. Relative tumor proliferation rate and tumor growth inhibition were calculated. The expression of p53 and caspase-9 proteins in tumors were detected by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, flow cytometry was used to quantify the cell-cycle stages and rate of apoptosis. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR assays were used to evaluate the effects of rhCNB on protein and gene expression of CDK1, cyclin B1, p53 and caspase-9. Results: rhCNB at the higher dose significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo and caused tumor cell apoptosis in vitro. The rhCNB at the higher dose was as effective as cisplatin, and was safer. Conclusions: rhCNB has potent pro-apoptotic effects on tumor cells in vivo and in vitro and is well tolerated in vivo.
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Bisphosphonates can directly inhibit osteoclasts, which may lead to increased bone density, reduced blood flow, and osteonecrosis of the jaw. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis is usually observed in the jaw bone. In this article, we report a patient with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) complicated with wrist scaphoid osteomyelitis. Furthermore, we introduce the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of BRONJ.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw , Bone Density Conservation Agents , Diphosphonates , Osteomyelitis , Wrist , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of piogiltazone on the expression of hemooxygenase-1 in aortic atherosclerosis plaque area in rabbits .Methods We randomly divided 36 Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits into 3 groups:control group ,high-cholesterol diet group ,and high-cholesterol diet with pioglitazone [8 mg/(kg · d)] group ,with 12 in each .All the animals were fed for 12 weeks and then sacrificed .Rabbit aortic atherosclerosis pathological features were observed by Masson staining ;the expression of hemooxygenase-1 in aortic atherosclerosis plaque area in rabbits was detected by immunohistochemistry , real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot techniques .Results Hemooxygenase-1 expression was obvious in the smooth muscle in aortic vessels and atherosclerosis plaques in the three groups of rabbits . The expression of hemooxygenase-1 was lower in high-cholesterol diet with pioglitazone group than in high-cholesterol diet group and significantly higher than in control group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Pioglitazone can slow down the progression of atherosclerosis by up-regulating the expression of hemooxygenase-1 .
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Objective To investigate the cognition and attitude toward integrating old-age care with medical services among the elderly,nurses from medical institutions and old-age care institution staffs,in order to provide references for developing implementation strategies of integrating old-age care with medical service.Methods The convenience sampling method was conducted,and 963 people.from 4 cities in Henan Province were enrolled in this survey from July to September 2016,including 599 elderly people,248 nurses from medical institutions and 166 old-age care institution staffs.All volunteers were investigated by using self-designed questionnaires.Results A total of 1 000 questionnaires were distributed,and 963 valid questionnaires were retrieved.The effective recovery rate was 96.3％.The cognition of integrating old-age care with medical service in all volunteers was low.There were differences in the needs of all nursing care services in the integrative old-age care and medical services,the needs of Chinese traditional medical care services were low.The highest demand of service capabilities was skills of coping urgent issues,while the lowest demand of service capabilities was education levels of care givers;the scores on evaluation of the two demands in the elderly were (4.803± 0.453) and (3.124± 1.246) points,those in the old-age care institution staffs were (4.819±0.468) and (2.698± 1.346) points,there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion In the progress of promoting the integration of old-age care and medical services,it is necessary pay more attention on the promotion among non-urban elderly people,and improving living facilities as well as the quality of care services.Integrated management and hierarchical training for nursing professionals and old-age care institutions staffs should be carried out gradually.
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The present study was aimed to explore the role of c-Myc gene regulation in maintaining the self-renewal and drug-resistant properties of colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the underlying mechanism. CD133(+) cells were isolated by flow cytometry cell sorting from human HT29 cancer cells. A small interfering RNA (siRNA) against c-Myc was used, and the mRNA and protein expressions of c-Myc were investigated by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. To evaluate the effect of c-Myc on the drug resistance of colon CSCs, CD133(+) cells transfected with c-Myc-siRNA were exposed to 5-FU, oxaliplatin, or their combination. The expressions of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including ABCG2, ABCB5 and MDR-1, were detected by Western blotting. The results showed that c-Myc was highly expressed in CD133(+) colon CSCs, and the protein and mRNA expressions of c-Myc were effectively blocked by c-Myc siRNA. Furthermore, CD133(+) cells showed significantly increased survival rate in chemotherapy treatment, compared with CD133(-) cells. c-Myc silencing sensitized CD133(+) cells to chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity and down-regulated the protein expression levels of ABCG2, MDR-1 and ABCB5. These results suggest c-Myc silencing may regulate the expressions of ABC transporters in colon CSCs, and enhance the sensitivity of CSCs to the chemotherapy.
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Humans , AC133 Antigen , ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters , Cell Line, Tumor , Colon , Down-Regulation , Neoplastic Stem Cells , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc , RNA, Small InterferingABSTRACT
The two-dimensional model of cell culture is an important method in the study of testicular development and spermatogenesis but can not effectively mimic and regulate the testicular microenvironment and the whole process of spermatogenesis due to the lack of relevant cell factors and the disruption of a three-dimensional spatial structure. In the past 20 years, the development and optimization of the in vitro model such as testis organotypic culture and in vivo model such as testis transplantation achieved a transformation from two- to three-dimension. The maintenance and optimization of the testicular niche structure could mimic the testicular microenvironment and cell types including Leydig, Sertoli and germ cells, which showed similar biological behaviors to those in vivo. Besides, the cell suspension or tissue fragment floats in the gas-liquid interface so that the development of somatic and germ cells is well maintained in vitro whilst the feedback linkage between grafted testis tissue and hypothalamus-pituitary of the host rebuilt in the in vitro model provides an endocrinological basis for spermatogenesis, which serves as an effective methodology to better understand the organogenesis and development of the testis as well as testicular function regulation, advancing the concept of treatment of male infertility. Al- though each of the methods may have its limitations, the progress in the processing, freezing, thawing, and transplantation of cells and tissues will surely promote their clinical application and present their value in translational medicine.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Cell Culture Techniques , Germ Cells , Physiology , Infertility, Male , Therapeutics , Spermatogenesis , Physiology , TestisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects and mechanisms of apple polysaccharides (AP) on tumorigenesis in a mouse model of colitis-associated colon cancer. METHODS: AP was obtained from apple pomace and its protective efficacy was evaluated on carcinogenesis in a mouse model of colitis-associated colon cancer induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The effects of AP on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway were measured using immunohistochemistry, ELISA and Western blot. The serum were collected and TNF-a was measured by ELISA kits. RESULTS: After 20 weeks of continuous treatment, the incidence of colon cancer formation was 95% in the mice treated with AOM/DSS (model group), and these reduced to 26%, 10% and 5% in AP (1.25%, 2.5% and 5%) treatment group respectively. Western blot analysis demonstrated that TLR4 (membrane protein), MyD88, NF-κB p65 (nuclear protein) expression decreased significantly at protein level; and the secretion of TNF-α decreased in control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: AP could protect ICR mice from CACC effectively and the possible mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathways.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the prognostic value of AJCC/UICC pN stage with metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR) and the prognostic difference between the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and tumor-ratio-metastasis (TRM) stage in patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 414 patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction undergoing curative resection at the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January 2000 to June 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlations between pN, MLR and retrieved nodes. Univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis were performed to analyze the effects of pN, MLR, TNM and TRM stage on the prognosis of these patients. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was plotted to compare the value of these stages and to predict the 5-year survival rate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median number of retrieved nodes was 17 (4-71) per patient, and the median number of positive nodes was 4 (0-67) per patient. The number of metastatic lymph node was positively correlated with that of retrieved nodes (P<0.01), but MLR was not correlated with the number of retrieved nodes (P>0.05). Univariate and multivariate survival analysis showed that either pN or MLR could be used as an independent risk factor for survival (P<0.01) and the hazard ratio of MLR stage was larger than that of pN stage (1.573 vs 1.382). While pN and MLR were entered into the Cox hazard ratio model as covariates at the same time, MLR remained as the independent prognostic factor (P<0.01), but pN lost significance (P>0.05). The AUC of MLR and pN staging was 0.726 and 0.714, and of TRM and TNM staging was 0.747 and 0.736, respectively, however the differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MLR is an independent prognostic factor for patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction. The value of MLR and TRM staging systems may be superior to pN and TNM staging systems in evaluating the prognosis of these patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Adenocarcinoma , Diagnosis , Pathology , Esophagogastric Junction , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Lymph Nodes , Pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between extranodal metastasis (EM) and clinicopathologic features as well as the effect of EM on the prognosis in gastric cardia patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis was performed for the 323 cases with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of gastric cardia who underwent curative resection from January 2000 to January 2007. There were 272 male patients and 51 female patients with their median age of 63 (22 to 85) years. The relationship between clinicopathological features and extranodal metastasis was studied. The effects of the EM on the recurrence and survival of these patients were also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EM positive was detected in 67 (20.7%) of the 323 patients. The incidence of EM was correlated with tumor Lauren typing, differentiation degree, invasive depth and lymph node metastasis (χ(2) = 4.647-27.216, P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rate and media survival time between patients with EM and those without EM were 12.3%, 34.1% and 20, 39 months, there was a statistically significantly difference (χ(2) = 23.936, P = 0.000) in 5-year survival rate. Multivariate analysis identified that invasive depth, lymph node metustasis and EM as an independent prognostic factor of all the patients. To the last follow up, the cumulative probability of recurrence of EM-positive patients was significant higher than EM-negative patients (59.7% vs. 35.9%; χ(2) = 12.409, P = 0.000). To study furthermore, stratified analysis showed that, in the node-positive patients, the cumulative recurrence rate of EM-positive patients was higher than EM-negative patients (60.9% vs. 40.0%; χ(2) = 8.410, P = 0.004) and the 5-year survival rate of EM-positive patients was less than the EM-negative patients (12.9% vs. 30.1%; χ(2) = 12.939, P = 0.000), the differences were statistically significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EM positive is determined to be an independent prognosis factor of gastric cardia after curative resection. EM-positive patients have a high risk for recurrence and a short time to live.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cardia , Pathology , Gastrectomy , Lymph Nodes , Pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Multivariate Analysis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Stomach Neoplasms , Pathology , General Surgery , Survival RateABSTRACT
Objective To study central obesity among middle-aged and elderly residents of Xinjiang Uygur and Han ethnicities, living in rural and urban areas. Methods Multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling approaches were adopted to collect data from 6 areas in Soutbem, Eastern, Northern Xinjiang and Urumqi city community, from July of 2005 to June of 2007. Results 8284 people were investigated to have found that the crude prevalence rate and the adjusted standardized incidence were 50.11% and 55.40% respectively, on central obesity. The figures were higher than the national level, according to the 2000 census age composition of Xinjiang. The prevalence rate of central obesity was higher in males than in females (P<0.05) higher in residents of Uygur than in Han ethnicities(P<0.05). The prevalent rates of the central obesity hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia were higher than those of non-obese ones (P<0.05). Conclusion The standardized prevalence rates of central obesity in residents with Xinjiang Uygur and Hart ethnicities were higher than data from the national statistics. Differences were found in ethnicity, gender and age. The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia in people having central obesity were higher than the non-obese ones.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture for treatment of catatonic schizophrenia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty cases were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 40 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with electroacupuncture, Baihui (GV 20) and Taiyang (EXHN 5) were selected, once daily; the control group was treated with modified electric convulsive therapy (MECT), the treatment was given once every 2 days or 3 days, 14 to 21 days constituted one course in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The markedly effective rate and total effective rate were 72.5% and 92.5% in the observation group, 77.5% and 97.5% in the control group, respectively, there was no significant difference between the two groups (both P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture is similar to that of MECT.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acupuncture Points , Combined Modality Therapy , Electroacupuncture , Electroconvulsive Therapy , Schizophrenia, Catatonic , Therapeutics , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective To compare the specificities of the cell membrane stationary phases(CMSP) with cell membrane chromatography(CMC).Methods Cell chromatographic columns were constructed for both rat aorta tissue cells and cultured rat aorta smooth muscle cells.Then the chromatographic affinities of ten ligands of ?-adrenergic receptor(?-AR) with both said chromatographic columns were investigated.Capacity factors(k'),as a chromatographic parameter,were calculated.Results The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the rat aorta tissue CMSP and the cultured rat aorta smooth muscle cell CMSP,with correlation factor of r=0.923,P