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Resumen Antecedentes: Las embarazadas infectadas por el virus del papiloma humano presentan condiciones médicas que influyen en el curso de la enfermedad y pueden potenciar la posibilidad de transmisión vertical. Objetivo: Identificar los genotipos del virus del papiloma humano más frecuentes en mujeres embarazadas. Método: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo. Se emplearon muestras de raspado cervical. La extracción de material genético se hizo por la técnica de fenol-cloroformo y se amplificó empleando iniciadores universales MY09/MY11. Las muestras positivas se genotipificaron con un kit que detecta 37 genotipos diferentes. Resultados: Se identificaron 341 genotipos. Los más frecuentes fueron 16 (10.3%), 52 (8.8%) y 59 (8.6%). En el 75.9% la detección fue con un genotipo y en el 42.7% se detectaron infecciones múltiples. Conclusiones: Es sabido que la infección por virus del papiloma humano en mujeres embarazadas raramente evolucionará a lesiones invasivas. Se deberán considerar tanto las posibles complicaciones obstétricas a corto y largo plazo, así como las posibles repercusiones en la salud del recién nacido. La detección elevada del genotipo 16 sugiere un seguimiento estrecho para considerar un abordaje óptimo posterior a la gestación.
Abstract Background: Pregnant women infected with human papillomavirus have medical conditions that influence the course of the disease and can increase the possibility of vertical transmission. Objective: To identify the most common human papillomavirus genotypes in pregnant women. Method: Retrospective, observational and descriptive study. Cervical scraping samples were used. The extraction of genetic material was done by the phenol-chloroform technique and was amplified using universal primers MY09/MY11. Positive samples were genotyped with a kit that detects 37 different genotypes. Results: Three hundred forty-one genotypes were identified. The most frequent were 16 (10.3%), 52 (8.8%), and 59 (8.6%). In 75.9% the detection was with one genotype and in 42.7% multiple infections were detected. Conclusions: It is known that human papillomavirus infection in pregnant women will rarely evolve to invasive lesions. Both possible short- and long-term obstetric complications, as well as possible repercussions on the health of the newborn, should be considered. The high detection of genotype 16 suggests close follow-up to consider an optimal post-pregnancy approach.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) can be permanent (PCH) or transient (TCH). While the importance of thyroxine in myelination of the brain is undisputed, the benefits to neurodevelopmental outcomes of TCH treatment are controversial. Our objectives were to determine predictive factors for PCH and verify its prevalence changes over time. Subjects and methods: A total of 165 children were evaluated at 3 years of age to verify the diagnosis of PCH. 130 were submitted to a two-step cluster analysis, with the aim of grouping them into homogeneous clusters. The mean incidence of PCH and TCH was calculated from 2004 to 2010 and 2011 to 2015. Results: Sixty-six children were diagnosed with PCH, and 99 were diagnosed with TCH. Eighty-one percent of PCH children and all TCH children with thyroid imaging had glands in situ. Eighty children (61.5%) were in Cluster 1, 8 children (6.2%) were in Cluster 2 and 42 children (32.3%) were in Cluster 3. No children had PCH in Cluster 1, while 87.5% of children in Cluster 2 and all children in Cluster 3 had PCH. The most important predictor for PCH was the initial serum TSH, which was marginally higher in importance than the blood spot TSH, followed by the initial serum free T4. The mean incidence of PCH (odds ratio: 1.95, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.95, p < 0.0001) and TCH (odds ratio 1.33, 95%, CI 1.02 to 1.77, p = 0,038) increased over time. Conclusions: The most important PCH predictors are the initial serum TSH and the blood spot TSH. The mean incidence of both PCH and TCH in our series increased.
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Introducción. La malaria, o paludismo, es una enfermedad de gran impacto en la población colombiana, que debe ser abordada desde el punto de vista del trabajo en equipo de instituciones para el intercambio de conocimiento. Objetivo. Analizar las interacciones de la Red de Gestión del Conocimiento, Investigación e Innovación en Malaria de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un análisis de redes sociales que permitió identificar la proximidad entre los actores y el grado de conocimiento entre ellos; se observaron indicadores de densidad, diámetro, distancia media y centralidad de grado. El corpus documental para el estudio estuvo constituido por 193 documentos técnicos publicados entre el 2016 y el 2021, que fueron analizados empleando técnicas de procesamiento de texto mediante el lenguaje de programación R. La categorización de la red se realizó a partir de cinco variables: atención integral a pacientes, diagnóstico, epidemiología y sistemas de análisis de información en salud, política pública, y promoción y prevención. Resultados. El análisis de las interacciones indicó que la red la conformaban 99 actores, de los cuales 97 (98 %), mostraron más interés en la producción de conocimientos en epidemiología y sistemas de análisis de información en salud, seguido de la categoría de atención integral a pacientes con 79 (80 %). El 54 % de los actores llevó a cabo estudios de promoción y prevención, siendo esta la categoría de menor abordaje. Conclusiones. Este estudio contribuye al fortalecimiento de estrategias clave en la divulgación del conocimiento sobre la malaria en Colombia.
Introduction: Malaria is a disease with a high impact on Colombian population, which must be approached from the point of view of teamwork of institutions for knowledge exchange. Objective: To analyze the interactions of the Red de Gestión del Conocimiento, Investigación e Innovación en Malaria de Colombia. Materials and methods: An analysis of social networks was applied that allowed identifying the proximity between actors and the degree of knowledge between them. Indicators of density, diameter, average distance, and degree of centrality were observed. The documentary corpus for the study consisted of 193 technical documents published between 2016 and 2021, which were analyzed using text mining using the R programming language. The network was categorized based on five variables: comprehensive patient care, diagnosis, epidemiology and health information analysis systems, public policy and promotion and prevention. Results: The analysis of interactions indicated that the network was made up by 99 actors. The main interest in knowledge production was on epidemiology and health information analysis systems (98 % of the actors), followed by the integral patient care (80 % of the actors). On the contrary, the least approached category was malaria promotion and prevention practices (54 % of the actors). Conclusions: In general, this study contributes to the strengthening of key strategies in the dissemination of knowledge about malaria in Colombia.
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Social Network Analysis , Malaria , Word Processing , Epidemiology , Knowledge Management , Health Information ExchangeABSTRACT
Introducción: el lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad sistémica que se ha asociado a mayor severidad con la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Particularmente la alta actividad de la enfermedad y algunos inmunosupresores se han vinculado a peores desenlaces. Objetivos: describir las características por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con LES en Argentina del registro SAR-COVID y establecer los factores asociados a peor desenlace de la misma. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de LES con infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2 (RT-PCR y/o serología positiva) del registro SAR-COVID. Los datos se recolectaron desde agosto de 2020 hasta marzo de 2022. El desenlace de la infección se midió mediante la escala ordinal de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (EO-OMS). Se definió COVID-19 severo con un valor EO-OMS ≥5. Análisis descriptivo, test T de Student, test de Mann Whitney U, ANOVA, chi2 y Fisher. Regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: se incluyeron 399 pacientes, el 93% de sexo femenino, con una edad media de 40,9 años (DE 12,2). El 39,6% tenía al menos una comorbilidad. Al momento de la infección, el 54,9% recibía glucocorticoides, el 30,8% inmunosupresores y el 3,3% agentes biológicos. La infección por SARS-CoV-2 fue leve en la mayoría de los casos, mientras que un 4,6% tuvo curso severo y/o falleció. Estos últimos presentaban comorbilidades, usaban glucocorticoides y tenían síndrome antifosfolipídico (SAF) con mayor frecuencia y mayor actividad de la enfermedad al momento de la infección. En el análisis multivariado, la hipertensión arterial, el diagnóstico de SAF y el uso de glucocorticoides se asociaron a hospitalización severa y/o muerte por COVID-19 (EO-OMS ≥5). Conclusiones: en esta cohorte de pacientes con LES con infección por SARS-CoV-2 confirmada, la mayoría cursó de manera sintomática, un 22,1% fue hospitalizado y un 5% requirió ventilación mecánica. La mortalidad fue cercana al 3%. El diagnóstico de SAF, tener hipertensión arterial y el uso de glucocorticoides se asociaron significativamente con COVID-19 severo.
Introduction: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic disease that has been associated with greater severity with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Particularly high disease activity and some immunosuppressants have been linked to worse outcomes. Objectives: to describe the characteristics due to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with SLE in Argentina from the SAR-COVID registry and to establish the factors associated with a worse outcome of the same. Materials and methods: observational study. Patients diagnosed with SLE with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (RT-PCR and/or positive serology) from the SAR-COVID registry were included. Data was collected from August 2020 to March 2022. The outcome of the infection was measured using the World Health Organization - ordinal scale (WHO-OS). Severe COVID-19 was defined as an WHO-OS value ≥5. Descriptive analysis, Student's T test, Mann Whitney U, ANOVA, chi2 and Fisher. Multiple logistic regression. Results: a total of 399 patients were included, 93% female, with a mean age of 40.9 years (SD 12.2), 39.6% had at least one comorbidity. At the time of infection, 54.9% were receiving glucocorticoids, 30.8% immunosuppressants, and 3.3% biological agents. SARS-CoV-2 infection was mild in most cases, while 4.6% had a severe course and/or died. The latter had comorbidities, used glucocorticoids and had antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) more frequently and higher disease activity at the time of infection. In the multivariate analysis, high blood pressure, the diagnosis of APS, and the use of glucocorticoids were associated with severe hospitalization and/or death from COVID-19 (WHO-EO ≥5). Conclusions: in this cohort of SLE patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, most had a symptomatic course, 22.1% were hospitalized, and 5% required mechanical ventilation. Mortality was close to 3%. The diagnosis of APS, having high blood pressure, and the use of glucocorticoids were significantly associated with severe COVID-19.
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PandemicsABSTRACT
Abstract Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is the most frequent serovar involved in human salmonellosis. It has been demonstrated that about 80% of infections are related to biofilm formation. There is scant information about the pathogenicity of S. Enteritidis and its relationship to biofilm production. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the differential host response induced by S. Enteritidis biofilm and planktonic lifestyle. To this purpose, biofilm and planktonic bacteria were inoculated to BALB/c mice and epithelial cell culture. Survival studies revealed that biofilm is less virulent than planktonic cells. Reduced signs of intestinal inflammation and lower bacterial translocation were observed in animals inoculated with Salmonella biofilm compared to the planktonic group. Results showed that Salmonella biofilm was impaired for invasion of non-phagocytic cells and induces a lower inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro compared to that of planktonic bacteria. Taken together, the outcome of Salmonella-host interaction varies depending on the bacterial lifestyle.
Resumen Salmonella entérica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) es la serovariedad más frecuentemente aislada en la salmonelosis humana. Se ha demostrado que alrededor del 80% de las infecciones están relacionadas con la formación de biopelículas. Sin embargo, la información disponible acerca de la patogenicidad de S. Enteritidis y su relación con la producción de biopelículas es escasa. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo investigar la respuesta diferencial del huésped frente a S. Enteritidis en sus 2 estilos de vida: biopelícula y planctónico. Para ello, se inocularon bacterias en estado de biopelícula o planctónico en ratones BALB/c y cultivo de células epiteliales. Los estudios de supervivencia revelaron que Salmonella en biopelícula fue menos virulenta que su contraparte planctónica. Los animales inoculados con biopelículas presentaron una mayor conservación estructural del intestino y una menor translocación bacteriana que el grupo planctónico. Asimismo, Salmonella en biopelícula mostró una capacidad deficiente para invadir células no fagocíticas e indujo una menor respuesta inflamatoria in vivo e in vitro que las bacterias planctónicas. Se concluye que el resultado de la interacción Salmonella-huésped depende del estilo de vida bacteriano.
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RESUMEN Introducción: El tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) es una patología frecuente, que genera repercusiones hemodinámicas importantes y alta tasa de mortalidad, con alta incidencia en la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento clínico, de diagnóstico y pronóstico de los pacientes con sospecha de TEP antes y durante la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2. Metodología: Estudio de cohorte prospectiva de pacientes adultos llevados a angiotomografía de tórax por sospecha de TEP durante dos periodos de tiempo: a) pre-COVID-19: junio de 2018 a diciembre de 2019, y b) COVID-19: junio a diciembre de 2020. Se condujeron análisis bivariados y se construyeron curvas ROC calculando las áreas bajo la curva para el diagnóstico de TEP del dímero D y las reglas de predicción clínica. Resultados: Se incluyeron 302 pacientes pre COVID-19 y 55 pacientes con COVID-19. El dímero D muestra un desempeño moderado para diagnóstico del TEP con AUC: 0,73 (IC 95% 0,62-0,84) en fase pre-COVID-19 vs. 0,75 (IC95% 0,58-0,92) en fase COVID-19. Las áreas bajo la curva de cada una de las reglas de predicción clínica tuvieron un desempeño moderado a bajo en la fase pre-COVID-19 (AUC: 0,623 a 0,697), frente a una no discriminatoria en la fase COVID-19 (0,355 a 0,450). Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo tradicional fueron poco prevalentes en pacientes con COVID-19 y TEP. Aunque el dímero D fue más alto en aquellos con TEP, la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa. Las reglas de predicción clínicas para el diagnóstico de TEP mostraron un bajo poder discriminativo en pacientes con COVID-19.
ABSTRACT Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a frequent disease generating important hemodynamic effects and high mortality rate, with great incidence in coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical, diagnostic, and prognostic behavior of patients with suspected PE before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: A prospective cohort study of adult patients with suspected PE undergoing computed tomography pulmonary angiography was carried out during two periods: a) the pre-COVID-19 phase: June 2018 to December 2019, and b) during the COVID-19 phase: June to December 2020. Bivariate analyses were conducted and ROC curves were built calculating the areas under the curve (AUC) for D-dimer PE diagnosis and clinical prediction rules. Results: Three-hundred and two pre-COVID-19 patients and 55 patients with COVID-19 were included in the study. D-dimer showed a moderate performance for the diagnosis of PE, with AUC 0.73 (95% CI 0.62-0.84) in pre-COVID-19 phase vs. 0.75 (95% CI 0.58-0.92) in COVID-19 phase. The AUC of each of the clinical prediction rules had moderate to low performance in the pre-COVID-19 phase (AUC 0.623 to 0.697), with a non-discriminatory AUC in the COVID-19 phase (0.355 to 0.450). Conclusions: Traditional risk factors were poorly prevalent in patients with COVID-19 and PE. Although D-dimer was higher in those with PE, the difference was not statistically significant. Clinical prediction rules for PE diagnosis showed low discriminative power in COVID-19 patients.
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Objetivo Evaluar el conocimiento en el uso de Medicamentos de Uso Veterinario (MUV) de los productores ganaderos y personal involucrado en Bogotá y municipios aledaños. Métodos Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal a través de entrevistas a operarios y productores ganaderos de una muestra de 30 hatos lecheros localizados en 15 municipios cerca de Bogotá, Cundinamarca. Resultados Se identificó la implementación de prácticas para la administración de MUV, incluyendo parámetros que influencian su administración y conocimientos en las personas que los prescriben y administran. Se encontró que los medicamentos de mayor frecuencia fueron los antimicrobianos con 60,7%, entre los cuales se destaca el uso de penicilina y oxitetraciclina. Los MUV inyectables (parenterales) fueron las formas más frecuentes de aplicación con un 64,7%. Se identificaron 251 MUV en los hatos lecheros, de los cuales el 81,3% están compuestos por principios activos que requieren tiempo de retiro en leche y carne. Se destaca el rol del mayordomo en el cuidado animal a nivel diagnóstico y administración del tratamiento. Conclusión El presente estudio sugiere que el uso de MUV es implementado empíricamente en producciones lecheras y podría contribuir a mediano y largo plazo a la emergencia de cepas con resistencia a MUV.
Objective To evaluate the knowledge in the antibiotic stewardship practices in livestock producers and associated staff from Bogotá and neighboring municipalities. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed through interviews for livestock producers and staff in a sample of 30 dairy farms located in 15 municipalities near Bogota, Cundinamarca. We evaluated practice administration of veterinary drugs and knowledge in antibiotic stewardship by farm livestock managers in charge who prescribe and administer veterinary drugs. Results The most common veterinary drugs were antimicrobials with 60.7% such as penicillin and oxytetracycline. The injectable veterinary drugs (parenteral) were the most frequently used with 64.7%. We identified 251 veterinary drugs in the dairy farms where 81.3% of active compounds require withdrawal time in the milk and meat. The butler role in animal care was highlighted at diagnostic level and treatment compliance. Conclusion This study suggests that recommendations for veterinary drug stewardship remain empirically implemented in dairy farms which might lead to the future emergence of multidrug-resistant strains in the long and middle term.
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Resumen Desde la identificación del virus Junin en la década del 50, se realizaron numerosos estudios en roedores silvestres dentro del área endémica de la Fiebre Hemorrágica Argentina (FHA) que per mitieron registrar, además, actividad del virus de la coriomeningitis linfocitaria (LCMV) y del virus Latino (LATV). La ausencia de casos confirmados de FHA desde la década del 90 en el departamento Río Cuarto, provincia de Córdoba, promovió la vigilancia ecoepidemiológica y de infección del Calomys musculinus (reservorio del virus Junin) y la búsqueda de reservorios e infección de los otros mammarenavirus. Durante dos años de muestreo estacional, con un sistema de captura, marcación y liberación capturamos 857 roedores, que correspondieron 57.3% a los reservorios: C. musculinus (especie más abundante), C. venustus y Mus musculus. Detectamos anticuerpos y caracterizamos molecularmente los tres agentes virales. Observamos una prevalencia de infección de 3.5% (9/254) para virus Junin, 100% (3/3) para LCMV y 24.1% (21/87) para LATV. En conclusión, demostra mos circulación de virus Junin en su roedor reservorio, en una región considerada histórica para FHA con riesgo potencial para la población y cocirculación espacio-temporal de los tres mammarenavirus en la región central de Argentina.
Abstract Since the identification of Junin virus in the 1950s, many studies were carried out in wild rodents within the endemic area of the Argentine Hemorrhagic Fe ver (AHF) that recorded also the activity of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and the Latino virus (LATV). The absence of confirmed cases of AHF since the 1990s in the department of Rio Cuarto, Córdoba province, promoted ecoepidemiological surveillance of infection of Calomys musculinus (Junin virus reservoir) and the search of reservoirs of the other mammarenaviruses. During two years of seasonal sampling, with a capture, mark and release system, 857 rodents were captured, corresponding 57.3% to the rodent reservoirs: C. musculinus, C. venustus and Mus musculus, being the first the most abundant species. Antibodies were detected and the three viral agents were molecularly characterized, showing a prevalence of infection of 3.5% (9/254) for Junin virus, 100% (3/3) for LCMV and 24.1% (21/87) for LATV. In conclusion, we demonstrated Junin virus circulation in its rodent reservoir in a region considered historic for AHF with potential risk for the population and the spatio-temporal co-circulation of the three mammarenaviruses in the central region of Argentina.
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RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar factores asociados con el reingreso hospitalario en pacientes con trastorno bipolar (TB) en un hospital psiquiátrico y desarrollar un modelo explicativo del riesgo de reingreso. Método Estudio observacional longitudinal retrospectivo a partir de base de datos secundaria aportada por el Hospital Psiquiátrico Departamental Universitario del Valle. Estadística: análisis de supervivencia utilizando un modelo de regresión Cox. Se definió como variable dependiente el riesgo de reingreso y como variables independientes algunas sociodemográficas y clínicas. Resultados Se obtuvo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el riesgo de reingreso y las variables: falta de red de apoyo al no tener acudiente HR=1,33 [IC 95% 1,02-1,72; (p=0,034)] y falta de adherencia al tratamiento HR=2,33 [IC 95% 1,87-2,90; (p=0,000)]. Conclusión Para disminuir el reingreso hospitalario por TB, se deben priorizar las intervenciones en los casos de pacientes que no tengan acudiente y haya inadecuada adherencia al tratamiento; esta última, a partir de la percepción por parte del médico especialista. Enfocarse sobre estos dos factores puede incidir sobre los reingresos.
ABSTRACT Objective To identify the factors associated with hospital readmission in patients with bipolar disorder between 2011 and 2017 in a psychiatric hospital in order to develop an explanatory model of the risk of rehospitalization. Method Retrospective longitudinal observational study based on a secondary database provided by the Hospital Psiquiátrico Departamental Universitario del Valle. Statistics: Survival analysis using a Cox regression model. The risk of readmission was defined as a dependent variable and some sociodemographic and clinical variables were defined as independent variables. Results From the multivariate model of Cox Regression, a statistically significant association was obtained between the risk of readmission and the variables: lack of support network due to lack of retentive HR=1.33 [95% CI 1.02-1.72; (p=0.034)] and not having adherence to the treatment HR=2.33 [95% CI 1.87-2.90; (p=0.000)]. Conclusion In order to reduce hospital readmission due to bipolar disorder, interven-tions should be prioritized in cases where patients do not have a guardian and there is inadequate adherence to the treatment; the latter perceived by the specialist doctor. Focusing on these two factors can influence readmissions.
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Introduction: The home environment is one of the most favorable spaces for the development of mites because of its low light, humidity, and temperature. Thus, it contributes to the growing cases of allergies among atopic individuals. Objective: To investigate the faunal profile of house dust mites in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the allergenic potential in this region. Methods: Thirty dust samples were collected from homes in the city of Rio de Janeiro, and the species found were classified according to their morphology, family, and genus by classification key. For the collection region, the total protein level was assessed by the Lowry method and electrophoresis under denaturing conditions (SDSPAGE). Results: There was a predominance of Pyroglyphidae mites, accounting for 84.9% of samples; Tyrophagus putrescentiae accounted for 8%, Blomia tropicalis for 6%, Cheyletus malaccensis for 1%, and Acarus siro for 0.1%. The allergen protein content of the samples was the following: group 1 25 kDa (Der 1, Der p 1, and Blo t 1), group 2 15 kDa (Der f 2, Der 2, Tyr p 2, and Blo t 2), and group 3 29-30 kDa (Der f 3 and Blo t 3), which indicates that people in this region are susceptible to sensitization to these mites. Conclusion: Knowledge of the mite fauna in the region under study allows the guidance of health care professionals to perform skin tests for specific mites and conduct treatment according to the pool of mite extracts containing antigens, making immunotherapy more effective.
Introdução: O ambiente domiciliar é um dos espaços favoráveis para o desenvolvimento de ácaros, tendo em vista a baixa luminosidade, umidade e temperatura, o que contribui para os crescentes casos de alergias em indivíduos atópicos. Objetivo: Investigar o perfil faunístico dos ácaros na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e o potencial alergêncio para essa região. Métodos: Foram coletadas 30 amostras de poeira em residências na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, e as espécies encontradas foram classificadas quanto à morfologia, família e o gênero por chave de classificação. Para as regiões das coletas, a carga total de proteínas contendo os alérgenos foi determinada pelo método de Lowry e eletroforese em condições desnaturantes (SDS-PAGE). Resultados: Os resultados mostram a predominância de 84,9% de ácaros da família Pyroglyphidae; para os demais ácaros o percentual corresponde a 8% Tyrophagus putrescentiae, 6% Blomia tropicalis, 1% Cheyletus malaccensis, e 0,1% de Acarus siro. O conteúdo proteico alergêncio constituinte das amostras foram, grupo 1: 25 kDa (Der 1, Der p 1 e Blo t 1); grupo 2: 15 kDa (Der f 2, Der 2, Tyr p 2 e Blo t 2); e para o grupo 3: 29-30 kDa (Der f 3 e Blo t 3), o que indica uma região passível à sensibilização de indivíduos por estes ácaros. Conclusão: O conhecimento da acarofauna nas regiões em estudo permite orientar a comunidade médica quanto à realização de testes cutâneos, além da terapêutica a partir do pool de extratos de ácaros contendo os antígenos, a fim de tornar a imunoterapia mais eficaz.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pyroglyphidae , Dust , Hypersensitivity , Mites , Therapeutics , Skin Tests , Allergens , Residence Characteristics , Diagnosis , Home Environment , Humidity , ImmunotherapyABSTRACT
Objective: To identify unique immunogenic epitopes of Zika virus non-structural 1 (NS1) antigen and produce immunoglobulin Y (IgY) for potential use in he diagnosis of of Zika virus infection. Methods: Immunogenic epitopes were identified using in silico B-cell epitope prediction. A synthetic peptide analog of the predicted epitope was used to induce antipeptide IgY production in hens which was purified using affinity chromatography. Presence of purified IgY and its binding specificity were performed by gel electrophoresis and ELISA, respectively. Results: Out of the nine continuous epitopes identified, the sequence at position 193-208 (LKVREDYSLECDPAVI) was selected and used to produce anti-peptide IgY. The produced IgY was found to bind to the synthetic analog of the Zika virus NS1 immunogenic epitope but not to other flaviviruses and random peptides from other pathogens. Conclusions: In this study, we identified an immunogenic epitope unique to Zika virus that can be used to develop a serodiagnostic tool that specifically detect Zika virus infection.
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Objective: To identify unique immunogenic epitopes of Zika virus non-structural 1 (NS1) antigen and produce immunoglobulin Y (IgY) for potential use in he diagnosis of of Zika virus infection. Methods: Immunogenic epitopes were identified using in silico B-cell epitope prediction. A synthetic peptide analog of the predicted epitope was used to induce antipeptide IgY production in hens which was purified using affinity chromatography. Presence of purified IgY and its binding specificity were performed by gel electrophoresis and ELISA, respectively. Results: Out of the nine continuous epitopes identified, the sequence at position 193-208 (LKVREDYSLECDPAVI) was selected and used to produce anti-peptide IgY. The produced IgY was found to bind to the synthetic analog of the Zika virus NS1 immunogenic epitope but not to other flaviviruses and random peptides from other pathogens. Conclusions: In this study, we identified an immunogenic epitope unique to Zika virus that can be used to develop a serodiagnostic tool that specifically detect Zika virus infection.
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Background@#and Purpose Recent studies suggested an increased incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We evaluated the volume of CVT hospitalization and in-hospital mortality during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the preceding year. @*Methods@#We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study of 171 stroke centers from 49 countries. We recorded COVID-19 admission volumes, CVT hospitalization, and CVT in-hospital mortality from January 1, 2019, to May 31, 2021. CVT diagnoses were identified by International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) codes or stroke databases. We additionally sought to compare the same metrics in the first 5 months of 2021 compared to the corresponding months in 2019 and 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04934020). @*Results@#There were 2,313 CVT admissions across the 1-year pre-pandemic (2019) and pandemic year (2020); no differences in CVT volume or CVT mortality were observed. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT volumes compared to 2019 (27.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 24.2 to 32.0; P<0.0001) and 2020 (41.4%; 95% CI, 37.0 to 46.0; P<0.0001). A COVID-19 diagnosis was present in 7.6% (132/1,738) of CVT hospitalizations. CVT was present in 0.04% (103/292,080) of COVID-19 hospitalizations. During the first pandemic year, CVT mortality was higher in patients who were COVID positive compared to COVID negative patients (8/53 [15.0%] vs. 41/910 [4.5%], P=0.004). There was an increase in CVT mortality during the first 5 months of pandemic years 2020 and 2021 compared to the first 5 months of the pre-pandemic year 2019 (2019 vs. 2020: 2.26% vs. 4.74%, P=0.05; 2019 vs. 2021: 2.26% vs. 4.99%, P=0.03). In the first 5 months of 2021, there were 26 cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), resulting in six deaths. @*Conclusions@#During the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic, CVT hospitalization volume and CVT in-hospital mortality did not change compared to the prior year. COVID-19 diagnosis was associated with higher CVT in-hospital mortality. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT hospitalization volume and increase in CVT-related mortality, partially attributable to VITT.
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RESUMEN Objetivo: El Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) fue desarrollado originalmente en inglés por Schraw & Dennison en 1994 para medir las habilidades metacognitivas. Desde su validación inicial, el MAI ha sido considerado como el instrumento más utilizado en el mundo para evaluar las habilidades metacognitivas de autoinforme de las personas, razón por la que ha sido traducido y empleado en varios idiomas, demostrándose así, en diferentes investigaciones sobre la estructura psicométrica de la prueba una alta confiabilidad de consistencia interna y una validez de constructo adecuada. Sin embargo, ningún estudio hasta la fecha había examinado si el instrumento en su forma original, cuando se usa en el idioma español, mantiene una estructura factorial consistente con lo informado por Schraw & Dennison (1994). Así mismo, en el presente trabajo se buscó proporcionar evidencia empírica del uso práctico de este instrumento en poblaciones de estudiantes universitarios de habla hispana. Método: El presente estudio buscó establecer la estructura factorial del MAI en español en una muestra sólida de estudiantes universitarios colombianos de nivel de pregrado (N=528). En cuanto a la edad y el género, 315 estudiantes se identificaron como mujeres y 213 como hombres, con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y 30 años (M=23,90; Mediana=23). En el estudio primero se emplearon análisis factoriales exploratorios (AFE) con extracción de factores comunes (factorización del eje principal) y una rotación oblicua (promax), seguidos posteriormente, de análisis factoriales confirmatorios (AFC; estándar y de orden superior). En la fase de los AFE, se compararon tres modelos, una solución inicial de diez factores, seguida de una con ocho y finalmente otra con dos factores. En la fase de los AFC, se evaluaron dos modelos competidores, un modelo de orden superior de diez factores y un modelo de dos factores. Resultados: Se encontró que en la fase de los AFE, la solución de dos factores produjo el mejor ajuste en comparación con los otros dos. En la fase de los AFC, al igual que el estudio de validación original de Schraw & Dennison (1994), la solución de ocho factores compuesta por cada componente individual no se ajustaba a los datos; sin embargo, una solución de dos factores (conocimiento de la cognición y regulación de la cognición) mostró un ajuste superior a los datos y fue un modelo significativamente mejor en comparación con la solución de ocho factores, consistente con los resultados del estudio de validación de 1994. Conclusiones: En esta versión en español del MAI que se propone en el presente estudio, se establecieron métricas apropiadas de confiabilidad de consistencia interna y validez de constructo. Por lo tanto, los investigadores y los profesionales en campos como la psicología y las ciencias del aprendizaje pueden emplear con seguridad la medida para examinar la conciencia metacognitiva de estudiantes universitarios colombianos y de habla hispana.
ABSTRACT Objective: The Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) was originally developed in English by Schraw and Dennison in 1994 to measure metacognitive skills. Since its initial validation, the MAI has been employed countless times in various languages -mainly English- to assess individuals' self-report metacognitive skills, with the instrument consistently reporting high internal consistency reliability and adequate construct validity. However, no research to date has examined whether the instrument, when used in languages other than English, maintains a consistent factor structure to that reported by Schraw and Dennison. Further, the present study sought to provide empirical evidence of the practical use of this instrument in Spanish-speaking populations. Method: Thus, the present study investigated the factor structure of the MAI in Spanish in a robust sample of Colombian undergraduate students (N=528). Regarding age and gender, 315 identified themselves as female and 213 as male, between 20 and 30 years old (M=23,90; Median=23). First, exploratory factor analyses (EFA) with common factor extraction (principal axis factoring) and an oblique rotation (promax) were employed, followed by confirmatory factor analyses (CFA; standard and higher-order). In the EFA phase, three models were compared, an initial solution of 10 factors followed by one with eight and one with two factors. In the CFA phase, two competing models were evaluated, a 10-factor higher-order model and a two-factor model. Results: Findings revealed that, in the EFA phase, the two-factor solution yielded the best fit compared to the other two. In the CFA phase, like the original 1994 validation study, the eight-factor solution comprised of each individual component was ill fitting to the data; however, a two-factor solution (knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition) exhibited superior fit to the data and was a significantly better model compared to the eight-factor solution, which mirrors the findings of the 1994 validation study. Conclusions: This Spanish version of the MAI demonstrates appropriate internal consistency reliability and construct validity metrics. Thus, researchers and practitioners can employ the measure to examine metacognitive awareness in Spanish-speaking samples.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: this study aimed to evaluate practice modification, use of personal protective equipment, biosafety measures, impact on career plans, prevalence of contagion, and risk perception of dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic 19 in Colombia. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study. Following ethical approval, an anonymous digital survey was conducted with dentists in Colombia. The questions comprised four domains: 1) sociodemographic, 2) employment and impact on career plans, 3) protocol compliance and biosafety, and 4) knowledge, risk, and contagion risk perception. A descriptive analysis of the data is presented. Results: 5,370 general and specialist dentists participated in the study (women: 3878; average age: 45 years). 41.94% were general dentists. Compliance with safety guidelines and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was greater than 99%. The majority of dentists (91.29%) canceled their clinical activities during quarantine and have thought about reducing their working hours (77.96%). The perception of COVID-19 risk contagion was high (95.91% reported that contagion is likely/highly likely), although COVID-19 contagion self-report was low (0.61%). Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic has strongly impacted the practice of dentistry in Colombia, leading to changes in clinical activities and career prospects. Biosafety measures compliance and PPE use was high. Although the contagion risk perception was high, self-reported contagion was very low.
Resumen Introducción: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la modificación de la práctica, uso de elementos de protección personal, protocolos de bioseguridad, afectación en los planes de carrera, prevalencia de contagio y percepción de riesgo de los odontólogos durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Colombia. Métodos: tras obtener la aprobación ética, se aplicó una encuesta digital anónima a los odontólogos de Colombia. Las preguntas incluyeron cuatro dominios: 1) sociodemográficos, 2) laborales y afectación en los planes de carrera, 3) Seguimiento a protocolos y bioseguridad y 4) Conocimientos, riesgo y percepción de riesgo de contagio. Se presenta un análisis descriptivo de los datos. Resultados: 5370 odontólogos generales y especialistas participaron del estudio (mujeres: 3878; mediana de edad: 45 años). El 41,94% fueron odontólogos generales. La adherencia a protocolos de seguridad y el uso de elementos de protección personal (EPP) fue mayor al 99%. La mayoría de odontólogos (91,29%) suspendió sus actividades clínicas durante la cuarentena y ha pensado en disminuir sus horas de trabajo (77,96%). La percepción de riesgo de contagio de la COVID-19 fue alta (95,91% refirió que es muy probable/probable el contagio), aunque el auto-reporte de contagio por COVID-19 fue bajo (0,61%). Conclusión: la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha impactado fuertemente la práctica de la odontología en Colombia, generando cambios en las actividades clínicas y en las perspectivas de carrera. El seguimiento de protocolos de bioseguridad y de uso de EPP fue alto. Aunque la percepción de riesgo de contagio fue alta, el contagio auto-reportado fue muy bajo.
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Humans , COVID-19 , Biological Pollutants , General Practice, DentalABSTRACT
SUMMARY Introduction: Experimental Solubilities of sulfamerazine (SMR) and sulfamethazine (SMT) in some (methanol + water), (ethanol + water) and (1-propanol + water) cosolvent mixtures were collected from the literature at five temperatures from 293.15 to 313.15 K. Methodology: The results were analyzed with the van't Hoff, Apelblat modified, Buchowski-Ksiazaczak λh, van't Hoff-Yaws model, two-parameter Weibull function model. It was determined that the models that best describe the solubility of these sulfonamides in (alcohol + water) mixtures were the van't Hoff and Apelblat models, obtaining correlation indices greater than 0.99 in all cases. Results: The results obtained with the Modified Apelblat equation presents a high correlation index for the solubility of SMR and SMT in cosolvent mixtures, followed by the van't Hoff-Yaws model that presents a high fit of the estimated data with respect to the theoretical ones. According to the two-parameter Weibull function model, the solubility ofSMR and SMT in the co-solvent mixtures shows important deviations from ideality, which is consistent with the literature. The results are discussed in terms of the solute-solvent interactions that occur in this system.
RESUMEN Introducción: Las solubilidades experimentales de la sulfamerazina (SMR) y la sulfametazina (SMT) en algunas mezclas cosolvents (metanol + agua), (etanol + agua) y (1-propanol + agua), se revisaron en la literatura a cinco temperaturas de 293,15 a 313,15 K. Metodología: Los resultados se analizaron con el modelo van't Hoff, Apelblat modificado, Buchowski-Ksiazaczak λh, van't Hoff-Yaws, y el modelo de la función Weibull de dos parámetros. Se determinó que los modelos que mejor describen la solubilidad de estas sulfonamidas en mezclas (alcohol + agua) son los modelos de van't Hoffy Apelblat, obteniendo índices de correlación superiores a 0,99 en todos los casos. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos con la ecuación de Apelblat modiicada presentan un alto índice de correlación para la solubilidad de SMR y SMT en mezclas de cosolventes, seguido del modelo van't Hoff-Yaws que presenta un alto ajuste de los datos calculados con respecto a los teóricos. Según el modelo de la función de Weibull de dos parámetros, la solubilidad de la SMR y la SMT en las mezclas de cosolventes muestra importantes desviaciones de las ideales, lo que es coherente con la literatura. Los resultados se discuten en términos de las interacciones soluto-solvente que se producen en este sistema.
RESUMO Introdução: As solubilidades experimentais de sulfamerazina (SMR e sulfametazina (SMT) em algumas misturas de cossolventes (metanol + água), (etanol + água) e (1-propanol + água), foram revisadas na literatura em cinco temperaturas de 293,15 a 313,15 K. Metodologia: Os resultados foram analisados com o modelo van't Hoff, Apelblat modificado, Buchowski-Ksiazaczak λh, van't Hoff-Yaws e o modelo de função Weibull de dois parâmetros. Determinou-se que os modelos que melhor descrevem a solubilidade dessas sulfonamidas em misturas (álcool + água) são os modelos van't Hoff e Apelblat, obtendo índices de correlação superiores a 0,99 em todos os casos. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos com a equação de Apelblat modi-icada apresentam um alto índice de correlação para a solubilidade de SMR e SMT em misturas de cosolventes, seguido pelo modelo de van't Hoff-Yaws que apresenta um alto ajuste dos dados calculados em relação a teóricos. De acordo com o modelo de função Weibull de dois parâmetros, a solubilidade de SMR e SMT em misturas de cosolventes apresenta desvios signiicativos dos ideais, o que é consistente com a literatura. Os resultados são discutidos em termos das interações soluto-solvente que ocorrem neste sistema.
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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has changed the management protocols of the different surgical areas and practices of health institutions around the world. The countries most affected by the disease have reported an alarming impact on the number of infected and deceased by COVID-19 among health workers. Personnel specialized in airway management have a greater risk of contagion when directly exposed to the aerosolization of the virus. This leads us to consider the probability of postponing or restricting procedures due to limited resources and/or due to patient conditions that increase the risk of death, given that the usual surgical techniques generate more aerosols. This narrative review article aims to analyze the risk of contamination of professionals in laparoscopic surgery of patients infected by COVID-19, proposing strategies to minimize the risk of exposure, identifying the necessary protection measures for health professionals, providing recommendations and adaptations of both the surgical technique and the organization of the operating room according to clinical and scientific evidence.
La pandemia por el SARS-CoV-2 ha cambiado los protocolos de manejo de las distintas áreas y prácticas quirúrgicas de las instituciones de salud en el mundo. Los países con mayor afectación de la enfermedad han reportado un impacto alarmante sobre el número de infectados y fallecidos por COVID-19 entre trabajadores de la salud. El personal especializado en el manejo de la vía aérea, posee un mayor riesgo de contagio al exponerse directamente a la aerosolización del virus. Esto conlleva a considerar la probabilidad de posponer o restringir procedimientos por limitación de los recursos y/o por condiciones del paciente que aumenten el riesgo de muerte, dado que las técnicas quirúrgicas habituales generan más aerosoles. Este artículo, de revisión narrativa, pretende analizar el riesgo de contaminación de los profesionales en cirugía laparoscópica de pacientes infectados por COVID-19, proponiendo estrategias para minimizar el riesgo de exposición, identificando las medidas necesarias de protección para los profesionales de la salud, aportando recomendaciones y adaptaciones tanto de la técnica quirúrgica como de la organización del quirófano según la evidencia clínica y científica
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Humans , Laparoscopy , Aerosols/adverse effects , COVID-19/prevention & control , Preoperative Care , Occupational Health , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/transmission , Intraoperative CareABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Tissue decellularization has evolved as a promising approach for tissue engineering applications. @*METHODS@#In this study, we harvested fascial tissue from porcine anterior abdominal wall and the samples were decellularized with a combination of agents such as Triton X-100, trypsin and DNAase. Afterwards, we evaluated cell removal by histological analysis and DNA quantification. Mechanical functionality was evaluated by applying a range of hydrostatic pressures. A sample of decellularized fascia was transplanted into a rabbit and after 15 days a biopsy of this tissue was examined; the animal was observed during 6 months after surgery. @*RESULTS@#The extracellular matrix was retained with a complete decellularization as evidenced by histologic examination. The DNA content was significantly reduced. The scaffold preserved its tensile mechanical properties. The graft was incorporated into a full thickness defect made in the rabbit abdominal wall. This tissue was infiltrated by granulation and inflammatory cells and the histologic structure was preserved 15 days after surgery. The animal did not develop hernias, infections or other complications, after a 6-months of follow up. @*CONCLUSIONS@#The protocol of decellularization of fascial tissue employed in this study proved to be efficient. The mechanical test demonstrated that the samples were not damaged and maintained its physical characteristics; clinical evolution of the rabbit, recipient of the decellularized fascia, demonstrated that the graft was effective as a replacement of native tissue.In conclusion, a biological scaffold derived from porcine fascial tissue may be a suitable candidate for tissue engineering applications.
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BACKGROUND@#Tissue decellularization has evolved as a promising approach for tissue engineering applications. @*METHODS@#In this study, we harvested fascial tissue from porcine anterior abdominal wall and the samples were decellularized with a combination of agents such as Triton X-100, trypsin and DNAase. Afterwards, we evaluated cell removal by histological analysis and DNA quantification. Mechanical functionality was evaluated by applying a range of hydrostatic pressures. A sample of decellularized fascia was transplanted into a rabbit and after 15 days a biopsy of this tissue was examined; the animal was observed during 6 months after surgery. @*RESULTS@#The extracellular matrix was retained with a complete decellularization as evidenced by histologic examination. The DNA content was significantly reduced. The scaffold preserved its tensile mechanical properties. The graft was incorporated into a full thickness defect made in the rabbit abdominal wall. This tissue was infiltrated by granulation and inflammatory cells and the histologic structure was preserved 15 days after surgery. The animal did not develop hernias, infections or other complications, after a 6-months of follow up. @*CONCLUSIONS@#The protocol of decellularization of fascial tissue employed in this study proved to be efficient. The mechanical test demonstrated that the samples were not damaged and maintained its physical characteristics; clinical evolution of the rabbit, recipient of the decellularized fascia, demonstrated that the graft was effective as a replacement of native tissue.In conclusion, a biological scaffold derived from porcine fascial tissue may be a suitable candidate for tissue engineering applications.