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Objective@#To evaluate the association of smoking with the risk of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.@*Methods@#A total of 16 383 186 AS-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 378 smoking initiation associated SNPs and 126 lifetime smoking score-associated SNPs were collected from three large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The association of smoking phenotypes with the risk of AS was examined using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) with AS as a outcome variable, smoking initiation and lifetime smoking score as exposure factors and SNPs with strong associations with smoking as instrumental variables, and sensitivity analyses were performed with maximum likelihood-based method, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test and MR-Egger regression analysis.@*Results@# A 33.5% increased risk of AS was found among genetically predicted smokers relative to non-smokers (OR=1.335, 95%CI: 1.059-1.682), and an increase in predicted lifetime smoking by per standard deviation resulted in a 101.4% increased risk of AS (OR=2.014, 95%CI: 1.341-3.024). The maximum likelihood-based method and MR-PRESSO test showed consistent correlated effect estimations and MR-Egger regression analysis identified no evidence of pleiotropy.@*Conclusion@#It is genetically predicted that smoking is associated with an increased risk of AS.
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Objective@#To understand the prevalence rate of pre myopia among preschoolers and its associated factors, so as to provide a basis for the formulation of myopia prevention and control policies.@*Methods@#In May 2022, a tatol of 1 070 preschoolers in the Science City Area of Mianyang City were selected by using a cluster sampling method. The visual acuity of preschool children was obtained through refractive examination, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate associated factors of myopia in the preclinical stage by Chi square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#The prevalence rate of pre myopia in preschoolers was 67.01%, including 66.30% for boys and 67.76% for girls. There was no significant difference by sex( χ 2=0.26, P > 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that at least one parent with myopia, too much near work activities, time spent on outdoor activity <2 h per day, lack of sleep, and screen time ≥1 h per day were positively correlated with the occurrence of pre myopia( OR =1.62, 1.46, 1.46, 1.38, 1.53, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of pre myopia among preschool children in Science City Area is high. It is suggested that parents, kindergartens and relevant departments should pay attention to the visual status of preschoolers, increase outdoor activities, ensure adequate sleep and train preschoolers to develop scientific eye hygiene habits.
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Objective@#To understand the prevalence rate of pre myopia among preschoolers and its associated factors, so as to provide a basis for the formulation of myopia prevention and control policies.@*Methods@#In May 2022, a tatol of 1 070 preschoolers in the Science City Area of Mianyang City were selected by using a cluster sampling method. The visual acuity of preschool children was obtained through refractive examination, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate associated factors of myopia in the preclinical stage by Chi square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#The prevalence rate of pre myopia in preschoolers was 67.01%, including 66.30% for boys and 67.76% for girls. There was no significant difference by sex( χ 2=0.26, P > 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that at least one parent with myopia, too much near work activities, time spent on outdoor activity <2 h per day, lack of sleep, and screen time ≥1 h per day were positively correlated with the occurrence of pre myopia( OR =1.62, 1.46, 1.46, 1.38, 1.53, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of pre myopia among preschool children in Science City Area is high. It is suggested that parents, kindergartens and relevant departments should pay attention to the visual status of preschoolers, increase outdoor activities, ensure adequate sleep and train preschoolers to develop scientific eye hygiene habits.
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Objective To evaluate the value of serum CEA and CA19-9 concentration for clinical staging of colorectal cancer. Methods A total of 350 patients who underwent the surgical treatments for colorectal cancer between February 2015 to January 2017 were enrolled. The serum CEA and CA19-9 were detected by chemoluminescence method. Results The positive rate of CEA of patients in stageⅠto Ⅳ was 25.00%, 36.69%, 50.78% and 66.67%, respectively. The positive rate of CA19-9 of patients in stageⅠto Ⅳwas 2.94%, 10.07%, 17.97% and 53.33%, respectively. The positive rates of CEA and CA19-9 were gradually increased with the stage developing (P<0.05). Results from multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the positive levels of CEA and CA19-9 were risk factors in the TNM staging of colorectal cancer. The ORs and 95%CI were 1.790 (1.163-2.755)and 3.476(1.790-6.749), respectively. Conclusion The positive serum concentrations of CEA and CA19-9 showed significant associations with TNM staging. Preoperative serum concentrations of CEA and CA 19-9 could be auxiliary diagnostic indicators to assess the condition of colorectal cancer.
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Objective This study aimed to describe the sex disparities on cancer incidence and mortality in Jiashan population.Methods All data concerning incident and death cases of cancers were gathered from the database of Cancer Registry in Jiashan county.Data from the 2010 China census was used as the standard population.Sex-specific age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs),mortality rates (ASMRs) per 100 000 persons for all cancers and types of each cancer were calculated for the years of 1990 to 1999,2000 to 2009,2010 to 2014,and 1990 to 2014.In addition,the corresponding male-to-female incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and mortality rate ratios (MRRs) were also calculated.Results The ASIR of all cancers was 226.13/105 for the whole period of 1990 to 2014,with 266.04/105 for males and 187.22/105 for females,respectivcly.The corresponding IRR was 1.42 (95％CI:1.39-1.46),with significant difference noticed in the incidence rates between males and females (P＜0.05).The ASMR of all cancers was 155.39/105,with 206.55/105 for males and 104.98/105 for females,respectively.The corresponding MRR was 1.97 (95％ CI:1.91-2.03),with significant difference between males and females (P＜0.05).Among all the cancer types,only gallbladder cancer and thyroid cancer showed female predominance in both incidence and mortality,with male predominance in all the remaining cancers.Conclusion Finding from our study suggested that a male predominance in both incidence and mortality for a majority of cancers in Jiashan population.
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Objective This study aimed to describe the sex disparities on cancer incidence and mortality in Jiashan population.Methods All data concerning incident and death cases of cancers were gathered from the database of Cancer Registry in Jiashan county.Data from the 2010 China census was used as the standard population.Sex-specific age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs),mortality rates (ASMRs) per 100 000 persons for all cancers and types of each cancer were calculated for the years of 1990 to 1999,2000 to 2009,2010 to 2014,and 1990 to 2014.In addition,the corresponding male-to-female incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and mortality rate ratios (MRRs) were also calculated.Results The ASIR of all cancers was 226.13/105 for the whole period of 1990 to 2014,with 266.04/105 for males and 187.22/105 for females,respectivcly.The corresponding IRR was 1.42 (95％CI:1.39-1.46),with significant difference noticed in the incidence rates between males and females (P＜0.05).The ASMR of all cancers was 155.39/105,with 206.55/105 for males and 104.98/105 for females,respectively.The corresponding MRR was 1.97 (95％ CI:1.91-2.03),with significant difference between males and females (P＜0.05).Among all the cancer types,only gallbladder cancer and thyroid cancer showed female predominance in both incidence and mortality,with male predominance in all the remaining cancers.Conclusion Finding from our study suggested that a male predominance in both incidence and mortality for a majority of cancers in Jiashan population.
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To modify and improve the quality standard of Fufang Shilintong capsules. Methods: Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis and Pyrrosoae Folium in Fufang Shilintong capsules were identified by TLC, and the content of chlorogenic in the capsules was determined by HPLC. Results: Specific spots of Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis and Pyrrosoae Folium were shown in TLC. Chlorogenic showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0. 020-1. 530 μg(r=1. 000 0), and the average recovery was 99. 2%(RSD=0. 8%, n=6). Conclusion:The method is accurate and reliable, which can be more effectively used in the quality control of Fufang Shilintong capsules.
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Many Chinese medicinal materials are difficult to be distinguished in characters resulting in easy confusion. In the pa-per, the basic concepts of three groups of easily confused Chinese medicinal materials ( schisandrae chinensis fructus and schisandrae sphenantherae fructus, phellodendri cortex and phellodendri amurensis cortex, akebiae caulis and clematidis armandii caulis) were illus-trated and the development of verification methods were reviewed in the respect of modern instrumental analysis technology. With the improvement of analysis technology, the identification of Chinese medicinal materials relies on experimental data instead of artificial ex-perience, which makes it more objective and accurate.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To perform a systematic review between all-cause mortality and body mass index (BMI) in Asian adults.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Relevant prospective studies that reported the relative risks (RRs) of all-cause mortality for community-based adults in Asia were identified by a literature search.PubMed and CNKI electronic databases were searched from inception through September 30, 2014, with language restrictions of English and Chinese. Data were extracted by 1 reviewer and then reviewed by 3 independent reviewers. The overall effect of varied levels of BMI and all-cause mortality were then pooled and analyzed.Potential sources of heterogeneity were detected by stratification analyses and sensitivity analyses. Publication bias was detected by funnel plot, Egger's test and Begg's test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria; these studies included 1 769 369 individuals with 104 888 deaths. Random-effects summary all-cause mortality RRs was calculated. With the use of a BMI (in kg/m²) of 18.5~22.9 as the reference, the summary RRs were 1.39(95% CI: 1.31~1.47) for BMI less than 18.5 kg/m² , 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85~0.92) for BMI of 23.0~29.9 kg/m² and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.05~1.23) for BMI more than 30.0 kg/m². The RRs tended to be higher when weight and height were self-reported rather than measured. The RRs were higher when papers were published before the year 2005 rather than after the year 2006. Also, the RRs were higher when the quality scores were higher. Potential sources of heterogeneity were gender, the method of obtaining weight and height, geography, publication year and quality scores. There was no publication bias (P>0.05) in this meta-analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There was an increased risk of all-cause mortality for those both at the lower and higher level of BMI in Asian adults.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Asian People , Body Mass Index , Mortality , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
To explore whether an environment of weightlessness will cause damage to the reproductive system of animals, we used the tail-suspension model to simulate microgravity, and investigated the effect of microgravity on the tissue structure and function of the testis in sexually mature male rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly assigned to three groups (N = 16 each): control, tail traction, and tail suspension. After the rats were suspended for 7 or 14 days, morphological changes of testis were evaluated by histological and electron microscopic methods. The expression of HSP70, bax/bcl-2 and AR (androgen receptor) in testis was measured by immunohistochemistry. Obvious pathological lesions were present in the testis after the rats were suspended for 7 or 14 days. We detected overexpression of HSP70 and an increase of apoptotic cells, which may have contributed to the injury to the testis. The expression of AR, as an effector molecule in the testis, was significantly decreased in the suspended groups compared to control (P < 0.01). We also observed that, with a longer time of suspension, the aforementioned pathological damage became more serious and some pathological injury to the testis was irreversible. The results demonstrated that a short- or medium-term microgravity environment could lead to severe irreversible damage to the structure of rat testis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Testis/ultrastructure , Weightlessness Simulation/adverse effects , /analysis , Hindlimb Suspension/adverse effects , Immunohistochemistry , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Androgen/analysis , Testis/metabolism , Testis/pathology , /analysisABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of dynamic enhanced-CT in differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-three solitary pulmonary nodules were evaluated by dynamic enhanced multi-slice CT. Images were obtained before and at 20 s, 30 s, 45 s, 60 s, 75 s, 90 s, 120 s, 180 s, 300 s, 540 s, 720 s, 900 s and 1200 s after the injection of contrast media. All lesion enhanced parameters and morphological features were recorded. The differences between benign and malignant nodules were analyzed. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of solitary pulmonary nodules were evaluated by receiver operator characteristic analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CT enhancement value at 120 s [(29.5 ± 30.2) HU vs. (32.5 ± 14.7) HU, P = 0.023], washout at 20 min [(36.5 ± 24.6) HU vs. (15.6 ± 16.6) HU, P = 0.044], washout ratio at 20 min [(36.5 ± 24.6)% vs. (17.8 ± 14.5)%, P = 0.006], slope of washout at 20 min [(0.006 ± 0.005)%/s vs. (0.002 ± 0.0016)%/s, P = 0.001], type II (24/42 vs. 4/21, P = 0.004) and III (5/42 vs. 9/21, P = 0.005) curves were significantly different between benign and malignant nodules. Using the above mentioned parameters, the results of receiver operator characteristic analysis had a sensitivity of 64.3% and specificity of 84.2% for identification of malignant tumors. The morphological features including round-like, triangle-like, multi-angle, spiculation, light lobulation, the degree of edge (sharp, clear, blur), vessel convergence sign, vacuole sign, airing of bronchi, cut-off of the bronchi and depression of pleura were significantly different between benign and malignant nodules. The results of ROC analysis showed that the above mentioned morphological features had a sensitivity of 92.9% and specificity of 100% for differentiating malignant tumors from benign nodules. The results of ROC analysis showed that combination of morphological features and dynamic enhancement parameters had a sensitivity of 95.2% and specificity of 100% for identification of malignant tumors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Dynamic enhanced CT images can evaluate morphological and enhancement features of solitary pulmonary nodules. Combination of morphological features and enhancement characteristics can improve the accuracy of diagnosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adenocarcinoma , Diagnostic Imaging , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Diagnostic Imaging , Colonic Neoplasms , Pathology , Contrast Media , Diagnosis, Differential , Hamartoma , Diagnostic Imaging , Lung Diseases , Diagnostic Imaging , Lung Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , ROC Curve , Radiographic Image Enhancement , Sensitivity and Specificity , Solitary Pulmonary Nodule , Diagnostic Imaging , Tomography, Spiral Computed , Methods , Tuberculoma , Diagnostic Imaging , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Diagnostic ImagingABSTRACT
Objective To explore the value of dual-phase contrast-enhancement multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in the assessment of acute myocardial infarction volume and perfusion in porcine models. Methods The distal left anterior descending coronary arteries of 5 pigs were balloon-occluded for 90 min and followed by reperfusion. MSCT was performed 1 min (early phase) and 5 min (delayed phase) after administration bolus of 100 mL of iodinated contrast material 30 min after reperfusion. On the same day, hearts were excised, sectioned in 8 mm short-axis slices, and stained with TTC. Infarction volume was defined as the sum of the hyper-enhanced area and surrounding hypo-enhanced area in all slices on delay enhanced phase of MSCT and the TTC-negative area on TTC staining slices. Infarction volume was expressed as percentage of total slice volume. Results Acute infarction detected by MSCT was characterized by early myocardial perfasion defects in the early phase of the contrast bolus (early defects) with surrounding residual defects and late enhancement observed in the late phase. Mean CT attenuation value of early defects was significantly different from CT attenuation value of remote myocardium [(213±55)HU vs (304±30)HU](P < 0.05), CT attenuation values of residual defects and late enhancement were also significantly different from those of remote myocardium [(360±75) HU vs (90±37) HU and (152±23) HU vs (190±37) HU, repectively](P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The mean infarction volume was (8.9± 1.0)% on MSCT and (9.2±1.4)% on TTC pathology images. The infarction volume assessed by MSCT compared well with TTC staining slices. Conclusion Acute reperfused myocardial infarction zone has specific enhancement pattens different to remote normal zone on dual phase MDCT, which is in good agreement with in vivo Trc pathology in the assessment of acute reperfused myocardial infarction shortly offer reperfusion.
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Ethylene/1-hexene was copolymerized by an unbridged zirconocene, (2-PhInd)(2)ZrCl(2)/MAO (methyl aluminoxane) at 0 degrees C and 50 degrees C respectively. High copolymerization activity and 1-hexene incorporation were observed at 0 degrees C, with the copolymer formed having random sequence distribution and narrow molecular weight distribution. Ethylene polymerization at 50 degrees C showed high activity, but copolymerization at 50 degrees C showed much lower activity, which decreased sharply with increasing 1-hexene concentration in the monomer feed. Copolymer formed at 50 degrees C showed blocky sequence distribution and broad molecular weight distribution. A mechanism model based on ligand rotation hindered by the propagation chain has been proposed to qualitatively explain the observed phenomena.