ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the differences existing in the auditory mismatch negativity （MMN） amplitude and latency between children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） and normal children， and to probe into the significance of MMN latency and amplitude for assessing the auditory perception and attention level in ADHD children and normal children. MethodsOn December 1， 2022， a systematic search was performed in PubMed， Embase， Cochrane Library， China National knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform and VIP databases to identify all well qualified literature focusing on MMN of ADHD children， then the valid data relevant to MMN amplitude and latency were extracted. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale （NOS） was used to assess the quality of the included studies， and Stata 20.0 was employed for Meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 9 qualified studies comparing ADHD children （n=170） against healthy controls （n=159） were finally included. Among the included literature， there were 18 matched pairs of MMN amplitude data and 10 matched pairs of MMN latency data at different recording sites. Meta-analysis denoted that ADHD group resulted in potentials of slightly lower MMN amplitude （WMD=-0.334， 95% CI： -1.426~0.758， P=0.549） and notably longer MMN latency （WMD=14.768， 95% CI： 4.660~24.876， P=0.004） compared to control group， and the Bgger's funnel plot did not reveal any publication bias. ConclusionCompared with healthy controls， ADHD children have longer MMN latency， suggesting that the auditory perception and attention level of ADHD children may be reduced.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of eleven active constituents in Zhenwutang decoction， such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， （+）-cianidanol， paeoniflorin， benzoylaconitine， benzoylhypacoitine， benzoylpaeoniflorin， 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol， atractylenolide Ⅱ， 6-shogaol and pachymic acid. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted. The separation was performed on Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.2 ％ phosphoric acid solution（gradient elution） at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 285 nm （4.4-7 min， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural）， 203 nm [7-12 min，（+）-cianidanol]， 233 nm （12-50 min，paeoniflorin， benzoylaconitine， benzoylhypacoitine， benzoylpaeoni- florin）， 200 nm （50-62.3 min， 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol； 62.9-90 min， 6-shogaol， pachymic acid） and 222 nm （62.3-62.9 min， atractylenolide Ⅱ）. The column temperature was set at 35 ℃， and the sample size was 20 μL. RESULTS： The linear ranges of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， （+） -cianidanol， paeoniflorin， benzoylaconitine， benzoylhypacoitine， benzoylpaeoniflorin， 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol， atractylenolide Ⅱ， 6-shogaol， pachymic acid were 0.62-12.47 μg/mL （r＝0.999 6），2.36-47.25 μg/mL （r＝0.999 7），200.80-4 016 μg/mL （r＝0.999 7），4.45-89.04 μg/mL （r＝0.999 6），4.28-85.54 μg/mL （r＝0.999 5），5.16-103.13 μg/mL （r＝0.999 9），5.53-110.66 μg/mL （r＝0.999 9），0.84-16.89 μg/mL （r＝0.999 8），0.60-12.04 μg/mL （r＝0.999 9），0.53-10.62 μg/mL （r＝0.999 5），1.04-20.78 μg/mL （r＝0.999 7）， respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.155， 0.590， 1.210， 1.112， 1.070， 0.258， 0.553， 0.421， 0.153， 0.354， 0.431 μg/mL， respectively. The limits of detection were 0.047， 0.179， 0.134， 0.337， 0.324， 0.078， 0.168， 0.128， 0.046， 0.107， 0.131 μg/mL， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 3％. The average recovery rates were 96.06％-103.01％（RSD＝2.64％，n＝6）， 95.11％-101.57％（RSD＝2.58％，n＝6）， 97.22％-102.11％（RSD＝1.93％，n＝6）， 96.43％-102.78％（RSD＝2.35％，n＝6）， 96.42％-101.43％（RSD＝2.15％，n＝6）， 96.86％-102.05％（RSD＝2.10％，n＝6）， 95.32％-100.55％（RSD＝1.87％，n＝6）， 97.04％-103.25％（RSD＝2.22％，n＝6）， 96.78％-103.22％（RSD＝2.62％，n＝6）， 97.04％-103.14％（RSD＝2.28％，n＝6）， 97.08％-103.51％（RSD＝2.94％，n＝6）， respectively. CONCLUSIONS： The method is accurate and specific， and suitable for simultaneous determination 11 active components of Zhenwutang decoction.
ABSTRACT
This paper was aimed to study the method of rapid determination of total flavonoids in Chrysanthemum of different processing methods by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The Chrysanthemum was dried by three different processes. The three methods were directly drying, drying after steamed and drying after fry, respectively. The determination of total flavonoids in Chrysanthemum by different processing methods was produced by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Collecting the NIRS spectra of Chrysanthemum, the quantitative analysis model of total flavonoids content in Chrysanthemum of different processing methods was established by partial least square (PLS) and the model was validated. The correlation coefficient (R2), the root-mean-square error of calibration (RMSEC) and the root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.996 19, 0.104 and 0.168, respectively. The correlation coefficient of predication (r) was 0.979 3 which state that the prediction was accurate. The method of NIRS had the advantage of fast determination, simple operation and high accuracy of prediction, and could be used for rapid determination of total flavonoids content in Chrysanthemum of different processing methods.