Frequency of post-operative hypocalcaemia following thyroid surgery at a tertiary care hospital of Sindh

Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the frequency of post-operative hypocalcaemia following thyroid surgery at a tertiary care hospital of Sindh Study design: Observational study Place and Duration: Department of surgery, Isra University Hospital from December 2014 to July 2017

Materials and Methods: 100 cases of thyroid swellings were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pre- operative patient history, physical examination, thyroid gland examination and laboratory investigations were performed. A serum calcium levels < 0.05] was considered significant

Results: Of 100 patients, 67% were female and 33% were male [P=0.0001]. Female dominancy was noted with female to male ratio of 2.03:1. Age [mean+/- SD] was noted as 37.5 +/- 9.5 years [19 - 48 years]. Frequency of symptomatic hypocalcaemia was noted in 23% subjects post operatively. Mean+/- SD serum calcium and phosphate in post operative hypocalcemia subjects was noted as 7.31 +/- 0.38 mg/dl and 2.95 +/- 0.63 mg/dl respectively. Majority of symptomatic hypocalcemia were noted within 72 hours post operatively

Conclusion: The present study reports 23% frequency of post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia noted within 72 hours post operatively. Goiters of long duration, recurrent goiters, hyperthyroidism and goiters with retro sternal extensions were found risk factors for the post thyroidectomy hypocalcemia

Prevalence of partial edentulism, complete edentulism and single complete opposing partial edentulism in relation to the age groups and gender in the local population of Hyderabad

Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of partial edentulism, complete edentulism and complete edentulous arch opposing the partial edentulous arches in relation to the various age groups and gender in local population of Hyderabad

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Prosthodontic, Isra Dental College, Hyderabad. Duration of the study was 6 months, from January 2016 to June, 2016. A total 504 patients were selected for this study on the basis of history and clinical examination. The selected subjects were divided into six age groups. Data was statistically analysed by SPSS statistics software version 21. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, mean and cross tabulation were applied to test the variables. The level of statistical significance was set to 0.5%

Results: The results showed that out of 504 selected subjects 426 [84.5%] subjects were partially edentulous, as compared to completely edentulous patients who numbered only 66 [13.1%] whereas 7 [1.4%] subjects had complete edentulous upper ridge and partially edentulous lower ridge, only 5 [1%] subjects had complete edentulous lower ridge and partially edentulous upper ridge. Partially edentulous jaws were more prevalent in females and in middle aged patients ranging from 31-40 years and completely edentulous jaws were more prevalent among male subjects in old age subjects who were above 60 years of age. Single complete denture opposing partially edentulous ridges were more common in females and in patients who were above 30 years of age

Conclusion: This study concluded that the partially edentulous jaws were more prevalent as compared to completely edentulous jaws. Partially edentulous jaws were more prevalent in females and in middle aged patients while completely edentulous jaws were more prevalent among male subjects and in old age subjects of either age, whereas single complete denture opposing partially edentulous ridges were more common in females and in patients who were above 30 years of age

assessment of the shade differences in the anterior teeth according to the age and gender, using commercially available shade guide

Objective: To assess the shade differences in the anterior teeth according to the age and gender using commercially available shade guide in the local populations of Hyderabad

Methodology: This cross sectional study comprised of 200 patients belonging to both genders ranging in age from 15 to 75 years, divided into four groups on the basis of chronological age: Group I: 15 to 30, group II: 31 to 45 , group III: 46 to 60 and group IV: 61 and onwards. Shade of the middle third of the labial surface of the anterior teeth was recorded visually using Vitapan® classical shade guide. Data was analyzed via SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency distribution, cross tabulation and descriptive were included in Data analysis. The level of significance was set at <0.05

Results: This study revealed that the most common shade recorded was A2 [45%], followed by B2 [20%] and A3 [10%].Younger patients had lighter tooth shades. Shades were darker with increasing age. The most common shade selected in age group I and group II was A2 which were represented as 52.8% and 52.9% respectively. Among males, the most common shade was A2 [47.6%], followed by B2 [19.5%] and A3 [15.9%] whereas in females most common shade was A2 [43.2%], followed by B2 [20.3%] and A1 [10.2%]

Conclusion: This study concluded that the tooth shade selection was strongly associated with both age and gender. Most common classical shade selected was A2. Shades were darker with the advancing age. Women's teeth were lighter than the men's. This information can be effective for fabrication of more life-like prosthesis

Role of different functional parameters in gratification of denture wearing patients

Objective:To assess the overall satisfaction and to evaluate complications in removable denture patients, during different functional movements

Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done on 180 patients who were restored with removable complete and partial prosthesis. They were analyzed on the basis of a specific questionnaire related to the use of denture and post-insertion follow-ups. For each patient, relevant history was recorded along with oral and a thorough examination of prosthesis they were using. A four-grade scale criteria was used for evaluation and standardization of the study, in terms of different functions and level of comfort

Result:Most of the examined patients showed their satisfaction from their prosthesis.The degree of satisfaction seemed to be directly related to the duration of denture wearing that is the older the denture got, more satisfactory the results were shown.Patients with shorter duration of treatment or those who were recently given the prosthesis, presented with more dissatisfaction and complain about their functional abilities with dentures, while the complains were gradually resolved with passage time as patients got used to them

Conclusion:Majority of the patients showed their gratification with their dentures, which were judged as satisfactory by the dentist. There was a difference between the retention of the upper and lower dentures however in a level of satisfaction with their dentures in different functions like chewing and speaking

Prevalence of gingivitis in school children at different government schools of district hyderabad

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis in 5-15 years school going children at different government schools of district Hyderabad

Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in government schools on children from nursery to grade 8 in Hyderabad, Sindh from 5th October, 2015 to 6th November, 2015. A total 1093 students varying in age from 5-15 yrs. were counted in the study. We used Periodontal Disease Index [PDI] to assess the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis. Apreformedquestionnaire was used; one house officer and 2 Assistant professors examined the students according to PDI and completed the data form. After evaluation the score was calculated. Data was analyzed via SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency distribution, cross tabulation were included in data analysis. The level of significance was set at <0.05%

Results: This study revealed that 70.4% students were suffering from gingivitis; 25.2% of students suffered from periodontitis and only 4.4% of students were healthy

Conclusion: The prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis in government school children of Hyderabad is found to be high