ABSTRACT
The chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarcticus) and gentoo (P. papua) penguins are distributed throughout Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands. In this study, high-quality de novo assemblies of blood transcriptomes from these penguins were generated using the Illumina MiSeq platform. A total of 22.2 and 21.8 raw reads were obtained from chinstrap and gentoo penguins, respectively. These reads were assembled using the Oases assembly platform and resulted in 26,036 and 21,854 contigs with N50 values of 929 and 933 base pairs, respectively. Functional gene annotations through pathway analyses of the Gene Ontology, EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were performed for each blood transcriptome, resulting in a similar compositional order between the two transcriptomes. Ortholog comparisons with previously published transcriptomes from the Adélie (P. adeliae) and emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri) penguins revealed that a high proportion of the four penguins’ transcriptomes had significant sequence homology. Because blood and tissues of penguins have been used to monitor pollution in Antarctica, immune parameters in blood could be important indicators for understanding the health status of penguins and other Antarctic animals. In the blood transcriptomes, KEGG analyses detected many essential genes involved in the major innate immunity pathways, which are key metabolic pathways for maintaining homeostasis against exogenous infections or toxins. Blood transcriptome studies such as this may be useful for checking the immune and health status of penguins without sacrifice.
Subject(s)
Animals , Base Pairing , Gene Ontology , Genes, Essential , Genome , Homeostasis , Immunity, Innate , Islands , Metabolic Networks and Pathways , Molecular Sequence Annotation , Sequence Homology , Spheniscidae , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
Statistical observation was made on in-patients in the Department of Urology, Keimyung University Medical College and Hospital, Taegu, Korea, during the period from August 1, 1970 through July 31, 1980. 1. Among 2,798 cases of in-patients, 2,138 cases were male and 660 cases were female with a ratio of 3.2: 1. Most common diseases were ureter stone (14. 8%), bladder tumor (7.1%) and renal tuberculosis (6.4%) in order. 2. Of 2.798 in-patients, operation was done in 2,226 cases. 3. Of 2,226 operation cases, T.U.R.(15. 1%) was the most common operation: nephrectomy(11. 1%). ureterolithotomy (10. 5%) and hydrocelectomy (7. 1%) were performed.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Korea , Tuberculosis, Renal , Ureter , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , UrologyABSTRACT
Two cases of non-epithelial tumor were experienced in the urinary bladder One was leiomyosarcoma and the other leiomyoma. Case of leiomyosarcoma was arisen from the base and trigone of the urinary bladder in a 42 year-old male. Tumor mass weighing 105.0 gm. was removed through transurethral resection. Case of leiomyoma was noted in the urinary bladder it a 38 year-old woman. The tumor appeared a well circumscribed firm mass of 75gm. in weight, subserosal in location, and was found in the right lateral wall of bladder. The tumor mass was removed through suprapubic extravesical approach.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Leiomyoma , Leiomyosarcoma , Urinary BladderABSTRACT
Statistical observation was made on in-patients in the Department of Urology. Presbyterian Medical Center, Taegu, Korea, during the period from August 1. 1970 through July 31, 1978. 1. Among 1.987 cases of in-patients, 1,505 cases were male and 481 cases were female with a ratio of 3.1: 1. Most common diseases were ureter stones (14.88%), renal tbc. (7. 74%) , bladder tumors ( 7.18%), and B. P. H. (5.7 %) in order. 2. Of 1.987 in-patients, operation was done in 1.532 cases ( 76. 3 %).3. Of 1.532 operation cases, T. U. R. ( 15. 27%) was the most common operation : nephrectomy (11.49%), ureterolithotomy (10.31%) and hydrocelectomy (6.72 %) were performed.