Apoptosis in Ventral Lobe of Rat Prostate after Castration: Morhometric Measurement to Epithelial Cell Area / 대한남성과학회지

PURPOSE: While apoptosis of the rat prostate cells has been the focus of many studies on androgen action and prostatic carcinogenesis, little is known for morphometric measurement about rat prostatic glands. Apoptosis was described as a morphologically distinct form of cell death. However, the approach of morphological assessment in one cell to define apoptosis has some disadvantages. We studied androgen ablation induced reduction of glandular epithelial cells with counting apoptotic cells and measuring glandular cell mass with image analyzer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The morphologic changes were evaluated at 4, 7, 14 days after castration. The ventral lobe was microdissected. The distal part of it was harvested under guide of dissecting microscope. The number of apoptotic cells were quantified in Masson & trichrome stained specimens. Using image analyzer, area densities in glandular lesion of prostatic epithelium were calculated. RESULTS: After castration. the distal duct may seem to be melted down into the proximal ducts and tall columnar epithelial cells of distal duct seem to be changed into cubodial cells. The apoptotic counts were 1.00+/-0.28, 5.06+/-0.98, 6.01+/-0.97, and 2.04+/-0.70 in control, 4th, 7th and 14th day group, respectively (p<0.05), The areas of epithelial cell mass were 13874+/-3106 micrometer2. 5530+/-3244 micrometer2, 2345+/-1226micrometer2, and 1339+/-652 micrometer2. in control, 4th. 7th and 14th day group, respectively(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that castration induces a more profound involution of the rat ventral prostate. After castration, the apoptotic count and reduction of the area of epithelial cell mass rapidly processed by 7th day and after that time, this process is continuously but slowly decreased until 14th day after castration. The apoptotic counts among the epithelial cells are well matched with the morphometric measurements about epithelial glands.

The Morphological Heterogeneity after Castration in the Rat Prostatic Gland / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Prostate is a well known androgen dependent accessary sex organ and androgen plays major roles in growth and development of prostate. While rat prostate has been the focus of many studies on androgen action and prostatic carcinogenesis, little is known of the pattern of regional variation and lobe-specific morphologic difference. Therefore, the study was designed to determine the morphologic differences in the proximal and distal duct, and in the ventral lobe and coagulating gland after castration through use of a microdissection method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in all studies. The morphologic changes evaluated at 4, 7, 14 days after castration. RESULTS: Wet weights of the ventral prostatic lobes in 7-, 14-day-post castration group were significantly different from control group(p=0.0001, ANOVA test), respectively. After castration the distal ducts may seemed to be melted down into the proximal ducts and tall simple columnar epithelial cells of distal duct changed into cuboidal cells. The distal duct of the castration groups showed decrease in ductal diameter, the numbers of cell and reduction of epithelial cell height. But these changes were not predominant in the proximal ducts of both lobes. There was no morphological difference between the ventral lobe and the coagulating gland after the orchiectomy. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the androgen was a very important hormone to maintain the prostate gland. There was a morphological heterogeneity between the proximal and the distal ducts. We suggested that the regional variation in androgen responsiveness may provide an appropriate model for the study of androgen independent prostatic cell survival.

Analysis of High Risk Urodynamic Factors in Neuropathic Bladder / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: The main objective in management of neuropathic bladder is the preservation of renal function because the renal deterioration is the most serious problem of neuropathic bladder. We investigated risk factors for renal dysfunction in neuropathic bladder. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total 75 patients of neuropathic bladder with voiding dysfunction was evaluated by urodynamic study and we analyzed the risk factors associated with upper urinary tract deterioration. RESULTS: High risk factor In developing renal dysfunction in cerebrovascular accident was high detrusor pressure, however in cases of spinal cord injury, detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia, high detrusor pressure and low compliance were risk factors of upper tract deterioration. CONCLUSIONS: In management of neuropathic bladder, the abnormalities of individual lesion-specific urodynamic parameters(detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, low compliance, high detrusor pressure) should be factored into the assessment of upper urinary tract deterioration.

Urodynamic Evaluation in Patients with Voiding Dysfunction Associated with Intracranial Lesions / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Typical urodynamic findings in patients with intracranial lesion are uninhibited bladder contraction (detrusor hyperreflexia) with coordinated sphincter activity. However, the findings of urodynamic study are variable and dependent on the degree and site of intracranial lesion, the presence of underlying disease and the adequacy of initial management of voiding problems from onset of the neurologic symptoms. . In this study, we tried to investigate the urodynamic findings in 40 patients who had intracranial lesions (traumatic or organic brain disease) with voiding dysfunction. The following results were obtained. 1. Out of all 40 patients, 35 had organic brain disease such as infarct, intracranial hemorrhage, or Parkinsonism etc. and 5 had traumatic brain disease. 2. Among 40 patients, detrusor hyperreflexia was presented in 29 (72.5%), detrusor areflexia in 9 (22.5%) and normal detrusor pressure in 2 (5%). 3. In 29 cases of detrusor hyperreflexia, there was no history of urinary retention, but in 12 cases with history of urinary retention, 9 cases (75%) revealed as detrusor areflexia. 4. No specific cause except the history of urinary retention was considerable in 8 of 9 patients with detrusor areflexia. In our study, urodynamic findings in the patients with intracranial lesion who had voiding dysfunction revealed nine cases (22.5%) of detrusor areflexia and the presumptive cause of detrusor areflexia is considered to previous urinary retention. Therefore, highly individualized and programmed early urologic involvement on the basis of urodynamic study is recommended for the prevention of urinary retention in initial ""cerebral shock"" stage of cerebrovascular accident and when detrusor areflexia had been developed, intensive management for the removal of the residual urine is necessary.