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Introduction: Cardiac disease in pregnancy is still a major cause of maternal and fetal mortality. Although the reported incidence varies between 0.1 and 4%, 1–3 cardiac disease remains a significant cause of maternal death worldwide. The incidence of cardiac disease during pregnancy has remained stable for many years even with a significant decrease in the occurrence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) as this decrease is being compensated by significant increase of pregnancy in women with congenital heart disease (CHD). Therefore, in this study, we aim to analyze the incidence of cardiac disease in pregnancy and to assess the maternal and fetal outcome. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was carried out in 47 women with cardiac disease in a tertiary institute over a period of 2 years. Results: In the present study, incidence of cardiac disease at our centre was 0.081%. RHD was the most common heart disease in pregnancy (70.21%) followed by CHD (23.40%) and peripartum cardiomyopathy (6.38%). Among RHD, mitral valve stenosis was most common followed by mitral stenosis with mitral regurgitation. Number of vaginal deliveries was 36 and cesarean was done in 11 patients. Conclusions: A cardiac disease is a high-risk pregnancy. It is a multidisciplinary teamwork to have optimal maternal and fetal outcome. Hence, constant vigilance is required throughout antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum period to avoid adverse outcomes.
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Introduction: Reproductive health of adolescent girls is crucial in determining the health of future generations. Sexuallytransmitted diseases (STDs) are a major public health problem not only in India but also all over the world. The World HealthOrganization estimates that 150–300 million new cases of curable STDs occur annually worldwide.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adolescent girls’ knowledge and attitude toward sexual practices andSTDs and HIV.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Jammu from July 2019 to September 2019. Thestudy included adolescent girls who have attended the Outpatient Department in SMGS Hospital for varied complaints andcollege-going adolescent girls from different colleges of Jammu region. A total of 1000 girls were included in the study.Results: About girls were aware of all the signs of adolescence. Majority (81%) had the idea about various aspects of sexeducation. Most (88%) of the girls wanted sex education to be included in the curriculum and 52% wanted it to be started at13–15 years of age. Emergency contraceptives were known only to 28%. STD awareness was present in only 34.6% of girls.About 95.6% had heard about HIV/AIDS, but only 32.1% knew about abbreviation of AIDS. Only 54% were aware of the rightlegal age of marriage for girls.Conclusion: Adolescents should be given education on sexual health in schools and colleges without disturbing the socioculturalnorms of the society. Preventions and precautionary measures regarding sexual health should be taught to the young generationto have a healthy nation.
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Background: Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) has been legalized in India since 1971. MTP pills are well effective inthe early weeks of gestation and safe only when used under medical supervision.Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the clinical presentations and complications following selfadministration of MTP pills.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted at SMGS Hospital, Government MedicalCollege Jammu from July 2018 to June 2019. Hundred patients were included in the study. Following factors were studied suchas chief complaints, complications, treatment given, and blood transfusion.Results: Majority (57%) of patients were aged between 30 and 39 years. About 66% were gravid three or more. Only 28% hadtaken the pill within prescribed gestational age limit for MTP, i.e., <7 weeks. Mid-trimester pill intake was encountered in 14%patients. About 41% presented with incomplete abortion. Anemia was present in majority of patients and blood transfusion wasdone in 38% patients. About 24% patients presented with life-threatening shock. Sepsis was present in 5% patients. Emergencylaparotomy was required in 4% cases. Hysterotomy was done in 2% cases. Continuation of pregnancy was noted in 6% patients.Unintended pregnancy and limiting family size were main reasons for abortion 62% and 32%, respectively.Conclusions: Unauthorized over-the-counter availability despite legal ban and ignorance of women have led to increasednumber of unsafe abortions. Increasing awareness among women regarding complications of unsupervised pill intake andeasily availability of safe contraceptive methods can help control this health hazard.
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Background: Laparoscopic hysterectomy has become a widely accepted technique worldwide, since its introduction by Reich in 1989. The aim of the study was to compare the surgical results and intra- operative and post-operative complications between total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH).Methods: Authors conducted a retrospective study at SMGS hospital, GMC Jammu between October 2016 to September 2018, 126 patients who underwent TLH and 126 patients who underwent TAH, were included.Results: Authors observed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in respect to patient’s age, parity and indication of surgery. Duration of surgery was found to be longer in TLH than TAH. The length of hospital stay was less in TLH than TAH. Hb drop was more in TAH group. 25 patients of TAH were given post op blood transfusion but only 9 patients of TLH were given post op blood transfusion. The time to ambulation in patients of TLH was much shorter than TAH. Wound infection was more common in TAH as compared to TLH, 5 patients had wound infection and in 4 patients resuturing was done for wound dehiscence. In 8 patients laparoscopy was converted to laparotomy because of adhesions, vascular injury and in one case because of bowel injury.Conclusions: This study showed that TLH can be safely performed by the experienced surgeon as an alternative to abdominal hysterectomy. It offers several benefits over TAH such as smaller incision, earlier ambulation, shorter hospital stay, faster recovery time and does not increase more serious complications than TAH.
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"To evaluate the usefulness of PCR in diagnosing genital tuberculosis in female infertility and its sensitivity,specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and its edge over other diagnostic modalitieslike histopathological examination and culture. This study included 100 infertile women who met the inclusionand exclusion criteria. After a detailed history, clinical examination and investigations, endometrial curettingswere taken in premenstrual phase and sent for culture, histopathological examination and PCR. Afterevaluation the results were compared individually with each other or in combination to see the positive pickup percentage and their sensitivity and specificity. We found 4% cases positive for tuberculosis on culturefor Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 7% of cases positive histopathologicaly and 15% cases on PCR evaluation.The sensitivity for diagnosing this disease was found highest in PCR (100%) followed by histopathologicalexamination (75%). Culture had the least sensitivity of 42.85%. PCR represents a rapid and sensitivemethod for identification of Mycobacterium DNA in female genital tuberculosis. Culture and histopathologyhave low sensitivity compared to PCR. Therefore, when the clinical suspicion is high and culture andhistopathology is negative, PCR is the method of choice for identifying the infection."