Lifestyle improvement and the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease: the China-PAR project / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

BACKGROUND@#The benefits of healthy lifestyles are well recognized. However, the extent to which improving unhealthy lifestyles reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk needs to be discussed. We evaluated the impact of lifestyle improvement on CVD incidence using data from the China-PAR project (Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China).@*METHODS@#A total of 12,588 participants free of CVD were followed up for three visits after the baseline examination. Changes in four lifestyle factors (LFs) (smoking, diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption) were assessed through questionnaires from the baseline to the first follow-up visit. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk advancement periods (RAPs: the age difference between exposed and unexposed participants reaching the same incident CVD risk) and population-attributable risk percentage (PAR%) were also calculated.@*RESULTS@#A total of 909 incident CVD cases occurred over a median follow-up of 11.14 years. Compared with maintaining 0-1 healthy LFs, maintaining 3-4 healthy LFs was associated with a 40% risk reduction of incident CVD (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45-0.79) and delayed CVD risk by 6.31 years (RAP: -6.31 [-9.92, -2.70] years). The PAR% of maintaining 3-4 unhealthy LFs was 22.0% compared to maintaining 0-1 unhealthy LFs. Besides, compared with maintaining two healthy LFs, improving healthy LFs from 2 to 3-4 was associated with a 23% lower risk of CVD (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60-0.98).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Long-term sustenance of healthy lifestyles or improving unhealthy lifestyles can reduce and delay CVD risk.

Epidemiological characteristics of a 2019-nCoV outbreak caused by Omicron variant BF.7 in Shenzhen / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the epidemiological characteristic of a COVID-19 outbreak caused by 2019-nCoV Omicron variant BF.7 and other provinces imported in Shenzhen and analyze transmission chains and characteristics. Methods: Field epidemiological survey was conducted to identify the transmission chain, analyze the generation relationship among the cases. The 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive samples were used for gene sequencing. Results: From 8 to 23 October, 2022, a total of 196 cases of COVID-19 were reported in Shenzhen, all the cases had epidemiological links. In the cases, 100 were men and 96 were women, with a median of age, M (Q1, Q3) was 33(25, 46) years. The outbreak was caused by traverlers initial cases infected with 2019-nCoV who returned to Shenzhen after traveling outside of Guangdong Province.There were four transmission chains, including the transmission in place of residence and neighbourhood, affecting 8 persons, transmission in social activity in the evening on 7 October, affecting 65 persons, transmission in work place on 8 October, affecting 48 persons, and transmission in a building near the work place, affecting 74 persons. The median of the incubation period of the infection, M (Q1, Q3) was 1.44 (1.11, 2.17) days. The incubation period of indoor exposure less than that of the outdoor exposure, M (Q1, Q3) was 1.38 (1.06, 1.84) and 1.95 (1.22, 2.99) days, respcetively (Wald χ2=10.27, P=0.001). With the increase of case generation, the number and probability of gene mutation increased. In the same transmission chain, the proportion of having 1-3 mutation sites was high in the cases in the first generation. Conclusions: The transmission chains were clear in this epidemic. The incubation period of Omicron variant BF.7 infection was shorter, the transmission speed was faster, and the gene mutation rate was higher. It is necessary to conduct prompt response and strict disease control when epidemic occurs.

Association between Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Arterial Stiffness: The China-PAR Project / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable intake and arterial stiffness.@*METHODS@#We conducted a cohort-based study comprising 6,628 participants with arterial stiffness information in the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR) project. A semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess baseline (2007-2008) and recent (2018-2021) fruit and vegetable intake. We assessed changes in fruit and vegetable intake from 2007-2008 to 2018-2021 in 6,481 participants. Arterial stiffness was measured using the arterial velocity-pulse index (AVI) and arterial pressure-volume index (API). Elevated AVI and API values were defined according to diverse age reference ranges.@*RESULTS@#Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models revealed that every 100 g/d increment in fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a 0.11 decrease in AVI ( B= -0.11; 95% confidence interval [ CI]: -0.20, -0.02) on average, rather than API ( B = 0.02; 95% CI: -0.09, 0.13). The risk of elevated AVI (odds ratio [ OR] = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.97) is 18% lower in individuals with high intake (≥ 500 g/d) than in those with low intake (< 500 g/d). Furthermore, maintaining a high intake in the past median of 11.5 years of follow-up was associated with an even lower risk of elevated AVI compared with a low intake at both baseline and follow-up ( OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.83).@*CONCLUSION@#Fruit and vegetable intake was negatively associated with arterial stiffness, emphasizing recommendations for adherence to fruit and vegetable intake for the prevention of arterial stiffness.

Needle retaining after electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training for post-stroke cognitive impairment: a multi-center randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVES@#To compare the efficacy of needle retaining after electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training and electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).@*METHODS@#A total of 206 patients with PSCI were randomized into a needle retaining group (103 cases, 9 cases dropped out) and an electroacupuncture group (103 cases, 6 cases dropped out). In addition to the conventional basic medical treatment and the rehabilitation treatment, in the needle retaining group, electroacupuncture at Shenting (GV 24) and Baihui (GV 20) was applied, with continuous wave of 50 Hz in the first 15 min and with disperse-dense wave of 2 Hz/50 Hz in the last 15 min, the needles were continuously retained for 1 h after electroacupuncture, during which cognitive training was adopted; in the electroacupuncture group, cognitive training was performed after the same electric stimulation exerted for 30 min, without additional needles retaining. The treatment was given once a day, 5 times a week for totally 8 weeks in the two groups. Before and after 8-week treatment, the TCM syndrome score was observed; before and after 4,8-week treatment, the scores of mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and ability of daily living were observed in the two groups. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated after 8-week treatment.@*RESULTS@#After 8-week treatment, the TCM syndrome scores were increased compared with those before treatment in both groups (P<0.05); the TCM syndrome score in the needle retaining group was higher than that in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05).After 4,8-week treatment, the scores of MMSE, MoCA and ability of daily living were increased compared with those before treatment in both groups (P<0.05); MMSE, MoCA scores after 4,8-week treatment and ability of daily living score after 8-week treatment in the needle retaining group were higher than those in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 90.4% (85/94) in the needle retaining group, which was superior to 82.5% (80/97) in the electroacupuncture group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both needle retaining after electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training and electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training can effectively treat PSCI, improve the clinical symptom, cognitive function and ability of daily living in PSCI patients. Needle retaining after electroacupuncture combined with cognitive training has a better therapeutic effect.

Prediction of Pulmonary Disease Progression in Patients with COVID-19 Based on CT Radiomics / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectivesBased on the changes of lung lesions in patients with COVID-19 at different stages， a nomogram model describing CT image features was established by radiomics method to explore its efficacy in predicting the progression of the disease. MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 136 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who received at least two CTs including three cohorts （training cohort and validation cohort 1 and 2）. Patients in the training cohort were divided into three groups according to time between onset of fever symptoms and the first CT. The clinical manifestations and CT features of each group were analyzed and compared. A nomogram to predict disease progression was constructed according to the CT features of the patients， and its performance was evaluated. ResultsThe training cohort consisted of 41 patients.A nomogram was generated to predict disease progression based on three CT features： irregular strip shadow， air bronchial sign， and the proportion of lesions with irregular shape ≥50%. AUC（95%CI）=0.906（0.817，0.995）.The C index of the training cohort was 0.906， and the C index of the internal verification was 0.892. AUC（95%CI）of the validation cohort 1 （34 cases） =0.889（0.793，0.984）；AUC（95%CI）of the validation cohort 2 （61 cases）=0.876（0.706，1.000）.The calibration curves show that the predicted values of the nomogram are in good agreement with the observed values. ConclusionThe nomogram model based on CT radiomics can predict the outcome of lung lesions in patients with high sensitivity and specificity.According to the changes of CT image characteristics of patients with COVID-19， lung lesions will be improved when the proportion of irregular cable shadow， air bronchogram and irregular lesions is greater than 50%.

Effects of Body Weight and Waist Circumference on Balance Function in Overweight and Obese Adults / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of body weight and waist circumference on static and dynamic balance function in overweight and obese adults. MethodsParticipants （n=103） were selected by cluster random sampling from the Hypoglycemic Weight Loss Clinic of the Endocrinology Department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. All participants were assessed for basic data collection， biochemical test， body weight， waist circumference and height measurement， static balance function assessed by balance error scoring system （BESS） and dynamic balance function assessed by functional reach test （FRT）. The BESS score and FRT distance of all participants were compared among groups according to different BMI grades and WC grades. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of participants' dynamic and static balance functions. Results① With the increase of BMI grading， the BESS score showed an upward trend， and the difference between groups was statistically significant （P = 0.004）. The BESS score of normal WC patients was lower than that of central obesity patients （P < 0.001）， which indicated that compared with normal BMI， overweight and obese people had poor dynamic and static balance ability； ② With the BMI grading， the FRT distance increased， showing a downward trend （P < 0.001）. The FRT distance in normal WC patients was significantly higher than that in central obesity patients （P < 0.001）， which indicated that the static and dynamic balance ability of central obesity patients was worse than that of normal WC patients； ③ In BMI overweight group， the FRT distance decreased significantly with the increase of WC （P = 0.02）. The results showed that under the condition of no difference in BMI， Compared with normal WC， the dynamic and static balance ability of central obese patients was worse； ④ The influence of BESS score on BMI（B=4.12，P =0.027， 95% CI=0.48-7.75）and WC（B = 3.47，P = 0.046， 95% CI = 0.07 - 6.88）was significant. The influence of FRT distance on BMI（B = -5.68，P = 0.001， 95% CI = -8.95 - 2.41）and WC（B = -4.71，P = 0.003， 95% CI = -7.83 to -1.61）was significant， which indicated that the static and dynamic balance ability of obese people was worse with the increase of BMI， and the ability of dynamic and static balance of central obesity was worse than that of normal WC. ConclusionWaist circumference is an independent factor affecting the dynamic and static balance function of overweight and obese people. Under similar BMI， the dynamic balance function of central obese people is worse than that of people with normal waist circumference， leading to higher risk of falling.

Dihydromyricetin improves Parkinson's disease-like lesions in T2DM rats by activating AMPK/ULK1 pathway / 生理学报

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of dihydromyricetin (DHM) on Parkinson's disease (PD)-like lesions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. The T2DM model was established by feeding Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ). The rats were intragastrically administered with DHM (125 or 250 mg/kg per day) for 24 weeks. The motor ability of the rats was measured by balance beam experiment, the changes of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and the expression of autophagy initiation related protein ULK1 in the midbrains of the rats were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the protein expression levels of α-synuclein (α-syn), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), as well as AMPK activation level, in the midbrains of the rats were detected by Western blot. The results showed that, compared with normal control, the rats with long-term T2DM exhibited motor dysfunction, increased α-syn aggregation, down-regulated TH protein expression, decreased number of DA neurons, declined activation level of AMPK, and significantly down-regulated ULK1 expression in the midbrain. DHM (250 mg/kg per day) treatment for 24 weeks significantly improved the above PD-like lesions, increased AMPK activity, and up-regulated ULK1 protein expression in T2DM rats. These results suggest that DHM may improve PD-like lesions in T2DM rats by activating AMPK/ULK1 pathway.

Rehabilitation of knee injury by chinese boxing / Reabilitação em lesão de joelho pelo boxe chinês / Rehabilitación de lesión de rodilla mediante el boxeo chino

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chinese boxing is a highly combative sport and injuries are inevitable. Rehabilitation of knee joint injuries can not only save the athlete's professional career but also improve their prevention ability. Objective: Study the situation of knee joint injuries in Chinese boxing and explore the strategies of sports rehabilitation. Methods: This experiment lasted 8 weeks. The knee joint activity and daily exercise ability of the control and experimental groups were tested. Results: In the experimental group, the knee joint extension range was increased to - 1.61° (± 2.228), the knee joint flexion range was increased to 97.14° (± 6.430), the walking ability score was increased to 32.25 (± 5.751) points, and the stair climbing and descending ability score was increased to 35.12 (± 8.764) points. The control group's scores were also optimized, but the range of optimization was smaller than that of the experimental group. Conclusion: Compared with traditional physical therapy and massage, sports rehabilitation training has a more significant effect on improving the range of motion and prevention ability on athletes' knee joints and should be promoted. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O boxe chinês é um esporte altamente combativo e suas lesões são inevitáveis. A reabilitação de lesões nas articulações do joelho pode não apenas salvar a carreira profissional do atleta como também melhorar a sua capacidade de prevenção. Objetivo: Estudar a situação das lesões nas articulações do joelho pelo boxe chinês e explorar as estratégias de reabilitação esportiva. Métodos: Esta experiência teve duração de 8 semanas. A atividade articular do joelho e a capacidade de exercício diário dos grupos controle e experimental foram testadas. Resultados: No grupo experimental, o alcance da extensão da articulação do joelho foi aumentado para - 1,61° (± 2,228), o alcance da flexão da articulação do joelho foi aumentado para 97,14° (± 6,430), a pontuação da capacidade de caminhar foi aumentada para 32,25 (± 5,751) pontos, e a pontuação da capacidade de subir e descer escadas foi aumentada para 35,12 (± 8,764) pontos. Os índices do grupo de controle também foram otimizados, mas a faixa de otimização foi menor do que a do grupo experimental. Conclusão: Em comparação com a fisioterapia e massagem tradicionais, o treinamento de reabilitação esportiva tem um efeito mais significativo na melhoria da amplitude de movimento e na capacidade de prevenção sobre as articulações dos joelhos dos atletas, devendo ser promovido. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El boxeo chino es un deporte altamente combativo y sus lesiones son inevitables. La rehabilitación de las lesiones de la articulación de la rodilla no sólo puede salvar la carrera profesional del deportista, sino también mejorar su capacidad de prevención. Objetivo: Estudiar la situación de las lesiones de la articulación de la rodilla por el boxeo chino y explorar las estrategias de rehabilitación deportiva. Métodos: Este experimento duró 8 semanas. Se comprobó la actividad de la articulación de la rodilla y la capacidad de ejercicio diario de los grupos de control y experimental. Resultados: En el grupo experimental, el rango de extensión de la articulación de la rodilla aumentó a - 1,61° (± 2,228), el rango de flexión de la articulación de la rodilla aumentó a 97,14° (± 6,430), la puntuación de la capacidad de caminar aumentó a 32,25 (± 5,751) puntos, y la puntuación de la capacidad de subir y bajar escaleras aumentó a 35,12 (± 8,764) puntos. Las puntuaciones del grupo de control también se optimizaron, pero el rango de optimización fue menor que el del grupo experimental. Conclusión: En comparación con la fisioterapia tradicional y el masaje, el entrenamiento de rehabilitación deportiva tiene un efecto más significativo en la mejora de la amplitud de movimiento y la capacidad de prevención en las articulaciones de la rodilla de los atletas y debería promoverse. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Heart rate monitoring in special training for boxers / Monitoramento de frequência cardíaca em treino especial para boxeadores / Monitorización de frecuencia cardíaca en entrenamiento especial para boxeadores

ABSTRACT Introduction Chinese boxing is an aggressive, competitive, and combative sport. During its performance, good physical fitness and a stable heart rate can determine the athletes' sports performance. Objective Study special physical training methods of Chinese boxing athletes by monitoring their heart rates. Methods The implementation period of the experiment totaled eight weeks, performed three times a week. The control group did not get any specific physical training while the experimental group received special physical training, properly protocoled. Their indices were measured before, during, and after the experiment, with classification and data analysis by Excel and SPSS software. Results The fitness data of the experimental group were significantly improved, with the heart rate more stable, corroborating the effectiveness of the special training. Conclusion The use of special physical training can optimize and better adjust the pre-existing protocol according to the athletes' real competition needs, improving the specialized physical fitness and the athletes' competitive level. It also helps stabilize the heart rate, helping athletes get better results in combat. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução O boxe chinês é um esporte agressivo, competitivo e combativo. Durante a sua execução, a boa forma física e a frequência cardíaca estável podem determinar o desempenho esportivo dos atletas. Objetivo Estudar métodos especiais de treinamento físico dos atletas de boxe chinês monitorando suas frequências cardíacas. Métodos O período de implementação do experimento totalizou oito semanas, executado três vezes por semana. O grupo de controle não obteve nenhum treinamento físico específico enquanto o grupo experimental recebeu um treinamento físico especial, devidamente protocolado. Seus índices foram mensurados antes, durante e depois do experimento, com classificação e análise de dados pelos programas Excel e SPSS. Resultados Os dados de aptidão física do grupo experimental foram significativamente aprimorados, com frequência cardíaca foi mais estável, corroborando a eficácia do treinamento especial. Conclusão O uso de treino físico especial pode otimizar e ajustar melhor o protocolo pré-existente, de acordo com as necessidades reais de competição dos atletas, melhorando a aptidão física especializada e o nível competitivo dos atletas. Também auxilia na estabilização da frequência cardíaca, ajudando os atletas a obterem melhores resultados em combate. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El boxeo chino es un deporte agresivo, competitivo y combativo. Durante su ejecución, el buen estado físico y el ritmo cardíaco estable pueden determinar el rendimiento deportivo de los atletas. Objetivo Estudiar los métodos de entrenamiento físico especial de los atletas de boxeo chinos mediante la monitorización de sus frecuencias cardíacas. Métodos El periodo de aplicación del experimento fue de ocho semanas, realizado tres veces por semana. El grupo de control no obtuvo ningún entrenamiento físico específico, mientras que el grupo experimental recibió un entrenamiento físico especial, debidamente protocolizado. Se midieron sus índices antes, durante y después del experimento, con clasificación y análisis de datos mediante los programas Excel y SPSS. Resultados Los datos de aptitud física del grupo experimental mejoraron significativamente, con una frecuencia cardíaca más estable, lo que corrobora la eficacia del entrenamiento especial. Conclusión El uso del entrenamiento físico especial puede optimizar y ajustar mejor el protocolo preexistente, de acuerdo con las necesidades reales de competición de los atletas, mejorando la aptitud física especializada y el nivel competitivo de los atletas. También ayuda a estabilizar el ritmo cardíaco, ayudando a los atletas a obtener mejores resultados en el combate. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Study on physical training in the lipid metabolism regulation of obese adolescents / Estudo sobre treinamento físico na regulação do metabolismo lipídico em adolescentes obesos / Estudio sobre el entrenamiento físico en la regulación del metabolismo lipídico en adolescentes obesos

ABSTRACT Introduction In proportion to the development of the economy, the problem of obesity among adolescents is also increasing. This abnormal lipid metabolism index can influence other physical diseases besides harming the social development of youth. Objective Investigate physical training and the regulation of lipid metabolism in adolescents, improving the metabolic index of obese youth. Methods 80 obese adolescents with equal numbers of both genders were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received daily 80-min sports training (aerobics, walking, badminton, swimming, and other sports with low intensity and long duration) six times a week for one month, without distinction of exercise intensity or frequency for gender. A comparison method was performed between the groups before and after the intervention with indicators including body weight, BMI, fluid ratio, water measurement, waist, hip, skinfold thickness, FBG, CT, Tg, HDL - C, and LDL - C, among others. Results Physical training can effectively improve adolescents' body shape. Blood indices and other indicators except for HDL-C positively correlate with this body shape. Physical training substantially improved lipid metabolism in obese adolescents. Conclusion The exercise regimen of this experiment proved to be simple and manageable, offering adolescents a healthier physical and more confidence in their daily study, life, and social interaction, but also reducing several diseases caused by obesity. Due to the ease of replication, the sample size can be expanded to universal conclusions, making it feasible to popularize. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução Proporcionalmente ao desenvolvimento da economia, aumenta também o problema da obesidade entre os adolescentes. Esse índice anormal no metabolismo lipídico pode influenciar outras doenças físicas além de prejudicar o desenvolvimento social na juventude. Objetivo Investigar o treinamento físico e a regulação do metabolismo lipídico em adolescentes, melhorando o índice metabólico dos jovens obesos. Métodos 80 adolescentes obesos com número igual de ambos os sexos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupos controlados de experimento e controle. O grupo experimental recebeu treinamentos esportivos diários de 80 minutos (aeróbica, caminhada, badminton, natação e outros esportes com baixa intensidade e longa duração), seis vezes por semana durante um mês, sem distinção de intensidade ou frequência dos exercícios para os sexos. Foi realizado o método de comparação entre os grupos, antes e após a intervenção, com indicadores incluindo peso corporal, IMC, taxa de líquidos, medição de água, cintura, quadril, espessura de dobras cutâneas, FBG, CT, Tg, HDL - C, LDL - C entre outros. Resultados O treinamento físico pode melhorar efetivamente a forma corporal dos adolescentes. Índices sanguíneos e outros indicadores com exceção do HDL-C estão positivamente correlacionados com essa forma corporal. O treinamento físico melhorou substancialmente o metabolismo lipídico de adolescentes obesos. Conclusão O esquema de exercícios deste experimento demonstrou-se simples e viável, oferecendo aos adolescentes um físico mais saudável e mais confiança no processo de estudo diário, vida e interação social, mas também reduzir diversas doenças causadas pela obesidade. Devido a facilidade de replicação, o número de amostrar pode ser expandido para conclusões universais, viabilizando a sua popularização. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos desfechos do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción Proporcionalmente al desarrollo de la economía, el problema de la obesidad entre los adolescentes también aumenta. Este índice anormal en el metabolismo lipídico puede influir en otras enfermedades físicas además de perjudicar el desarrollo social en la juventud. Objetivo Investigar el entrenamiento físico y la regulación del metabolismo lipídico en adolescentes, mejorando el índice metabólico de los jóvenes obesos. Métodos 80 adolescentes obesos con igual número de ambos sexos fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en los grupos de experimento y de control. El grupo experimental recibió 80 minutos diarios de entrenamiento deportivo (aeróbic, marcha, bádminton, natación y otros deportes de baja intensidad y larga duración), seis veces a la semana durante un mes, sin distinción de intensidad o frecuencia de los ejercicios para los sexos. Se realizó un método de comparación entre los grupos, antes y después de la intervención, con indicadores que incluían el peso corporal, el IMC, la tasa de líquidos, la medición del agua, la cintura, la cadera, el grosor de los pliegues cutáneos, FBG, CT, Tg, HDL - C, LDL - C, entre otros. Resultados El entrenamiento físico puede mejorar eficazmente la forma corporal de los adolescentes. Los índices sanguíneos y otros indicadores, excepto el HDL-C, están positivamente correlacionados con esta forma corporal. El entrenamiento físico mejoró sustancialmente el metabolismo de los lípidos en los adolescentes obesos. Conclusión El esquema de ejercicios de este experimento demostró ser simple y factible, ofreciendo a los adolescentes un físico más saludable y más confianza en el proceso de estudio diario, la vida y la interacción social, pero también reduciendo varias enfermedades causadas por la obesidad. Debido a la facilidad de replicación, el tamaño de la muestra puede ampliarse para obtener conclusiones universales, lo que permite su popularización. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapêuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

DHM improves cognitive dysfunction in T2DM rats by inhibiting hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum stress / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effeet of dihydro- myricetin ( DHM ) on cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) rats and its mechanism.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group ( n = 56) : normal diet and citrate buffer solution (30 mg • kg 1 ) ; T2DM model group (n =60) : high glucose, fat and low dose STZ ( 30 mg • kg 1 ) ( Four unsuccessful rats were eliminated ).Then rats in the above two groups were treated with or without DHM (250 mg • kg 1 • d intragastric).After 12 weeks, eight rats in each group were randomly selected to perform Morris water maze and Y maze test to observe the effect of DHM on cognitive function of rats.The remaining rats in each group were injected ERS antagonist tauroursodeoxycholic acid ( TUDCA ) 10 jxg • d 1 or ERS activator tunicamycin (TUN) 10 jxL, respectively.After the behavioral analysis, the hippocampal tissues of rats were taken out.The expressions of EH stress related proteins GRP78 and P- PERK were detected by Western blot.Results Both DHM and TUDCA could improve cognitive dysfunction in T2DM rats.On the contrary, TIJN reduced the effect of DHM on cognitive dysfunction in T2DM rats.TUDCA decreased the expression of GRP78 and p- PERK proteins in T2DM rats, while TUN increased the expression of GRP78 and p-PERK proteins in T2DM rats treated by DHM.Conclusion DHM improves cognitive dysfunction in T2DM rats, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Effect of moxibustion on M2 and P2X3 receptors of bladder tissue in rats with neurogenic bladder of detrusor areflexia after lumbar-sacral spinal cord injury / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of moxibustion at "Guanyuan" (CV 4) and "Shenque" (CV 8) on acetylcholine (Ach), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and muscarinic-type choline receptor (M2) and purine receptor P2X3 in bladder tissue in the rats with neurogenic bladder (NB) of detrusor areflexia after lumbar-sacral spinal cord injury and explore the underlying mechanism of moxibustion for promoting detrusor contraction.@*METHODS@#Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into a model preparation group (n=45) and a sham-operation group (n=15). In the model preparation group, the modified Hassan Shaker spinal cord transection method was used to prepare the model of NB. In the sham-operation group, the spinal cord transection was not exerted except laminectomy and spinal cord exposure. Among the rats with successfully modeled, 30 rats were selected and divided randomly into a model group and a moxibustion group, with 15 rats in each one. On the 15th day after the operation, moxibustion was applied at "Guanyuan" (CV 4) and "Shenque" (CV 8) in the moxibustion group, 10 min at each acupoint, once a day. The consecutive 7-day treatment was as one course and the intervention for 2 courses was required. Urodynamic test was adopted to evaluate bladder function in rats. Using HE staining, the morphological changes in bladder tissue were observed. The content of Ach and ATP in bladder tissue was measured with biochemical method, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of M2 and P2X3 receptors in bladder tissue were detected with Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantification PCR method.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the sham-operation group, the maximum bladder capacity, leakage point pressure and bladder compliance were increased in the rats of the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the maximum bladder capacity, the leakage point pressure and bladder compliance were decreased in the rats of the moxibustion group (P<0.05). In the model group, the detrusor fibres were arranged irregularly, bladder epithelial tissues were not tightly connected and cell arrangement was disordered, combined with a large number of vacuolar cells. In the moxibustion group, compared with the model group, the detrusor fibres were arranged regularly, bladder epithelial cells were well distributed and vacuolar cells were reduced. Compared with the sham-operation group, the content of Ach and ATP in bladder tissue was decreased (P<0.05), the protein and mRNA expression levels of M2 and P2X3 receptors were reduced (P<0.05) in the model group. In the moxibustion group, the content of Ach and ATP in bladder tissue was increased (P<0.05) and the protein and mRNA expression levels of M2 and P2X3 receptors were increased (P<0.05) as compared with the model group.@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion at "Guanyuan" (CV 4) and "Shenque" (CV 8) may effectively improve bladder function in the rats with NB of detrusor areflexia after lumbar-sacral spinal cord injury and its underlying mechanism is related to promoting the release of Ach and up-regulating the expression of M2 receptor, thereby enhancing the release of ATP and increasing the expression of P2X3 receptor. Eventually, detrusor contraction is improved.

Acupoint selection rules of post-stroke cognitive impairment treated with acupuncture based on ancient and modern medical record cloud platform / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the acupoint selection rules of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) treated with acupuncture by ancient and modern medical record cloud platform (V1.5).@*METHODS@#The published randomized controlled trial (RCT) literature of PSCI treated with acupuncture was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science, and the data was extracted to establish prescription database. The ancient and modern medical record cloud platform (V1.5) was used to analyze the data.@*RESULTS@#A total of 185 articles was included, involving 91 acupoints, the total using frequency was 1174 times. The top 5 acupoints in frequency of PSCI treated with acupuncture were Baihui (GV 20, 151 times), Shenting (GV 24, 97 times), Sishencong (EX-HN 1, 83 times), Neiguan (PC 6, 69 times) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6, 64 times); the most involved meridian was the governor vessel, and the generally used acupoints were mainly distributed in the head, face and neck. The top 5 acupoint combinations in frequency were Baihui (GV 20)-Shenting (GV 24, 89 times), Baihui (GV 20)-Sishencong (EX-HN 1, 79 times), Baihui (GV 20)-Neiguan (PC 6, 59 times), Baihui (GV 20)-Sanyinjiao (SP 6, 56 times) and Baihui (GV 20)-Zusanli (ST 36, 51 times). The acupoint combination with the strongest association was Shenting (GV 24)→Baihui (GV 20). There were 6 acupoint cluster groups according to the cluster analysis, and the main core prescription was Baihui (GV 20), Shenting (GV 24), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupoints on the governor vessel, and distributed in head, face and neck are the main acupoints for PSCI treated with acupuncture, Baihui (GV 20), Shenting (GV 24), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) can be used as the main acupoints, but it is still necessary to combine with syndrome differentiation.

Differences in the chemical composition of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo and Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and metabolomics / 药学学报

italic>Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a rare Chinese herbal medicine, while Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl is a local medicine in Yunnan, both of which have the function of nourishing yin and stomach. To reveal the differences in chemical composition between the two species, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of stems and leaves of D. officinale and D. crepidatum. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to determine the differences in metabolites between species and parts of Dendrobium. Fifty-eight chemical compounds were identified in the two species. Analysis indicated that the side ring of alkaloids connected with nitrogen was readily cleaved during analysis. The results of PCA analysis showed that the stems and leaves of D. officinale and D. crepidatum could be easily differentiated, and the chemical constituents of D. officinale and D. crepidatum were significantly different. OPLS-DA analysis showed that there were 16 metabolite differences between the stems and 22 differences in metabolites between the leaves of D. officinale and D. crepidatum. The main metabolite differences in components between the two Dendrobium species were dendrocrepidine B, dendrocrepidine C and dendrocrepine. There were 14 differences in metabolites between the stems and leaves of D. crepidatum. In conclusion, the chemical compositions of D. officinale and D. crepidatum are quite different; the small molecular compounds of D. officinale are mainly terpenoids and flavonoids, and the content of alkaloids is low. There is no significant difference between stem and leaf. In contrast, D. crepidatum is mainly composed of alkaloids and terpenoids, with crepidamine and dendrocrepine as its unique components, and there are great differences in the components between stems and leaves. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Dendrobium resources.

Postoperative Survival of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients After High Exposure to Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Cohort Study / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the 3-year survival outcomes of postoperative patients after high exposure to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for triple negative breast cancer （TNBC）. Method:The complete 3-year follow-up data of 150 postoperative patients with stage I–III TNBC were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients received routine western medical treatments （surgery， chemotherapy， and/or radiotherapy） according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network （NCCN） clinical practice guidelines in oncology as well as TCM. According to the degree of exposure to TCM， they were divided into the high- and low-exposure cohorts， with the oral administration of Chaihu Longmu Decoction with or without anti-cancer Chinese patent medicine for at least six months annually， or 18 months or more in the three years as the inclusion criterion for the former cohort. The metastatic sites of recurrent TNBC and the recurrent metastasis/death time were observed in both cohorts to compare the disease-free survival （DFS） and overall survival （OS）. The influences of onset age， pathological type， histopathological grade， vascular invasion， clinical stage， and exposure to TCM on survival were subjected to statistical analysis， followed by the observation of adverse effects. Result:There was no significant difference in the metastatic sites between the two cohorts （<italic>P</italic>>0.05）. The high-exposure cohort had a longer 3-year DFS than the low-exposure cohort， and the 3-year DFS rate in the high-exposure cohort was increased by 16.9% （χ²=6.995， <italic>P</italic>=0.008） as compared with that in the low-exposure cohort， exhibiting a significant difference （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. As revealed by the Cox proportional-hazards model， patients in the low-exposure cohort had a 3.724-fold as high risk of recurrent metastasis as that in the high-exposure cohort （95%CI 1.399~9.915）. There was no significant difference in the 3-year OS between the two cohorts （<italic>P</italic>>0.05）. The overall incidence of adverse effects in both groups was 7.3%， mainly manifested as gastrointestinal discomfort. Conclusion:High exposure to TCM contributes to reducing postoperative recurrence and metastasis and prolonging DFS.

Machine Learning Models for Early Prediction of Vascular Cognitive Impairment / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the predictive performance of machine learning model based on vascular risk factors in early prediction of vascular cognitive impairment. Methods:From April to September, 2020, 70 subjects were enrolled and collected information of the demographics and vascular risk factors. They were assessed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and then divided into normal group, vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) group and dementia group. The differences of vascular risk factors among the three groups were detected with one-way ANOVA, and the significant factors were selected to establish predictive models with support vector machine (SVM) and extreme learning machine (ELM). The predictive performance of two models was compared with Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve. Results:There were 32 cases in the normal group, 23 in VaMCI group and 15 in dementia group. Systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and blood uric acid were significantly different among the three groups (F > 3.318, P < 0.05). The area under curve was the most (0.911) in SVM model predicting for VaMCI (P < 0.01), and the predictive efficacy was better for SVM model. Conclusion:SVM predictive model based on vascular risk factors may be more effective for predicting VaMCI.

Slow Breathing Training for Hypertension: A Systematic Review / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To evaluate the effects of slow breathing training on hypertension. Methods:Articles about slow breathing training for hypertension were retrieved from CNKI, Wangfang Data, PubMed and Web of Science, until March, 2021. The authors, publishing time, subjects, interventions and courses, and outcome indexes and conclusion were extracted. Results:There were 924 articles returned, and 35 included, which published mainly from 2009 to 2020. The subjects were patients with hypertension, and the outcome index was blood pressure. Conclusion:Slow breathing training may work for hypertension, which associates to baroreflex sensitivity, heart rate variability, sympathetic nerve activity and cardiopulmonary diastolic receptors.

Clinical application of combined infratemporal fossa approaches for internal carotid artery in petrous bone reconstruction for large lateral skull base tumors / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: By summarizing the technical points and therapeutic outcomes of combing infratemporal fossa approach (IFA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) reconstruction for the colossal skull base tumor invading ICA in petrous bone, the clinical application value was discussed. Methods: Five patients (2 males, 3 females,aging from 27 to 55 years old) who received surgeries between July 2015 and May 2017 for lateral skull base pathology involved petrous ICA using technique combined IFA and pre-reconstruction, were reviewed. Results: Among the five patients, three were paraganglioma of head and neck, one was carotid aneurysms, and one was recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). The median tumor size in the largest cross-section was 60 mm × 51 mm (range, 28 mm × 22 mm-72 mm × 58 mm). Complete excision was achieved with IFA and ICA reconstruction. The median blood loss volume was 1 000 ml (range, 600-2 500 ml). Four cases showed no new long-term neurologic sequelae, while one showed hemiplegia due to graft vessel occlusion. Except for the one with ACC having facial nerve cut, others achieved good facial nerve function of HB grade Ⅰ to Ⅱ during 3 to 12 months, follow-up. No tumor recurrence was observed over the median duration of follow-up for above 36 months (range, 36-58 months). Conclusion: For lesions involved superior part of ICA, which is unable to separate from ICA, IFA and ICA reconstruction can achieve complete excision.

Dihydromyricin inhibited hepatic lipid deposition induced by high-fat diet in obese mice by activating SIRT1-AMPK pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of dihydromyricetin (DHM) on lipid accumulation in liver of obese mice induced by high fat diet and its mechanism. Methods Sixty C57BL/6J mices were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10); (1)ND group; normal diet, (2)ND + L-DHM group; normal diet and treatment with low-dose DHM (125 mg • kg

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of young (<35 years) patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To analyze the risk factors and clinical characteristics as well as long-term prognosis of young patients (aged 18-35 years) with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: In this retrospective study, from January 2007 to December 2017, STEMI patients who were hospitalized in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University and younger than 45 years old were collected. Patients were divided to the 18-35 years old group and 36-44 years old group. The basic information of patients, clinical laboratory results, surgical information and discharge diagnosis of enrolled patients were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Subgroup analysis on STEMI patients aged 18 to 35 years was performed to compare the clinical features and outcome of patients with normal coronary angiography or stenotic coronary angiography. Results: 496 patients (20.3%) were between 18 and 35 years old, 480 cases (96.8%) were men, and 371 cases (74.8%) were smokers. The proportion of hypertension and diabetes was lower, but percent of obese (122 cases (43.3%)), level of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), uric acid and homocysteine ​​(Hcy) were significantly higher in patients aged 18 to 35 years compared with STEMI patients aged 36 to 44 years (all P<0.05). In the 18-35 years old group, there were 53 patients (10.7%) with normal coronary angiography and 443 patients (89.3%) with stenosis. The age, proportion of hypertension and diabetes, TC, LDL-C, and triglyceride (TG) levels were lower in the normal coronary angiography group than those in the coronary artery stenosis group (all P<0.05). The main coronary artery lesions were single vessel lesions (263 cases (59.4%)), and the main culprit vessels were left anterior descending artery lesions (238 cases (53.7%)). The follow-up time was 7.0 (4.0, 10.0) years, cardiovascular events were reported in 62 patients (18.9%), of which 14 patients (3.2%) died. The survival rate of patients without cardiovascular events in normal coronary angiography group was higher than that in stenosis group (P=0.029). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that diabetes (HR=2.713, 95%CI 1.479-4.976, P=0.001) and dyslipidemia (HR=2.819, 95%CI 1.564-5.079, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for recurrence of cardiovascular events in adult STEMI patients aged 18 to 35 years. Conclusions: STEMI patients aged 18 to 35 years were featured by male sex, obese and smokers. The proportion of hypertension and diabetes was low, while the levels of LDL-C, uric acid and Hcy were high in these patients. Coronary artery stenosis was common, and the stenosis was more likely to occur in the left anterior descending branch. Patients with normal coronary angiography had a better prognosis than those with stenosis. Diabetes and hyperlipidemia increased the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events.