ABSTRACT
Organic chemistry is an important foundation course for medicine, chemistry and other majors in universities and colleges. In this study, combined with the characteristics of pharmacy students in local colleges and universities, teachers introduced case teaching, enhanced curriculum connotation, and explored the integration of green chemistry concepts into the teaching process of organic chemistry, so as to cultivate pharmaceutical professionals with environmental protection concept and safety awareness. The practice shows that this teaching model not only improves students' attention to organic chemistry and learning efficiency, but also improves students' comprehensive quality.
ABSTRACT
Aim To investigate the curative effects of resveratrol on OVA induced allergic rhinitis in mice and the underlying immune mechanisms. Methods Balb/c mice (female, 6 weeks) were divided randomly into normal control ( NC) group, allergic rhinitis (AR) group, high dose resveratrol treatment group (RH), low dose resveratrol treatment group (RL), and dexamethasone treatment group ( Dex). RL, RH and Dex group were oral administered with resveratrol 30 mg • kg"1, resveratrol 100 mg • kg"1 and dexamethasone 10 mg • kg"1, respectively. After the treat-ment , the sneezing and nasal rubbing behaviors of mice in all the group were recorded and HE was performed to assess the inflammatory cell infiltration in nasal tissues. The sera levels of allergic cytokines were determined with ELISA assay. The percentage of CD4+ GA- TA3 + T cells in spleen of each group was further recorded by flow cytometry. Results Compared with AR group, treatment with resveratrol (100 mg - kg"1) reduced the sneezing and nasal rubbing behaviors signifi-cantly and improved inflammatory cell infiltration in nasal tissues. The up-regulated sera levels of IL-4, IL- 13 and OVA-sIgE in AR group were reversed by RH, and ratios CD4+ GATA3 + Th2 cells in spleen of RH were also down-regulated parallelly. Conclusions RH treatment could improve the allergic related symptoms of OVA-induced allergic rhinitis, which is associated with down-regulated sera levels of IL-4, IL-13 and OVA-sIgE and ratios of CD4+ GATA3 + Th2 cells in spleen of mouse model.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Although the majority of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) can be cured with upfront treatment, but a fraction of patients with advanced disease will experience refractory or recurrence leading to poor prognosis. How to treat these patients is the focus of current research. High-dose chemotherapy combined with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HDCT/auto-HSCT) is the standard salvage approach for patients with HL who have relapsed/refractory disease after frontline chemotherapy. In recent years, salvage therapy incorporating newer drugs, such as targeted drugs Brentuximab vedotin (BV), checkpoint inhibitors Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab have shown some efficacy in early clinical trials. In addition, Ibrutinib, Everolimus and other drugs have also shown a promising perspective. In this review, the advances in the therapy strategies for relapsed/refractory HL are discussed and summarized.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect and mechanism of surround needling combined with acupoint injection on acute herpetic neuralgia (AHN).@*METHODS@#Ninety-nine patients with T-T segment AHN were randomly divided into 3 groups, 33 cases in each group, including 2 cases dropped off in the surround needling group, 4 cases dropped off in the acupoint injection group, and 3 cases dropped off in the combined group. Oral valacyclovir was given in each group, 0.3 g each time, 2 times a day for 10 days. Oblique insertion of needle used at points around the herpes in the surround needling group, and continuous wave was stimulated to tolerance for 20 min; the same acupoints were selected as the surround needling group, stimulated with the mixture injection of mecobalamin and lidocaine in the acupoint injection group; After the surround needling, acupoint injection was performed in the combined group. The treatment was given once a day, 14 times for a course, and one course was needed in all groups. The skin healing conditions (blistering, crusting, and dislocation time) of each group were compared after treatment. The pain scores, pain area and quality of life scores in each group were observed before and after treatment. The levels of neuron specific enolase (NSE), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the local blister fluid were measured before and after treatment in all groups.@*RESULTS@#The blistering, crusting and dislocation time in the combined group were earlier than the other two groups (all <0.05). The pain score and pain area in the each group were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the quality of life score was significantly higher than that before treatment (all <0.05). The improvements of pain score and quality of life score in the combined group were more obvious than the other two groups (all <0.05). After treatment, the levels of NSE, SP and CGRP in the local blister fluid in each groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (all <0.05). The indexes in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Both surround needling and acupoint injection have an adjuvant effect on AHN. The combination of the two is better, the skin is healed quickly, the analgesia is significant, and the contents of local NSE, SP and CGRP are significantly decreased. The mechanism of action is to exert neuroprotective effects.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Points , Neuralgia , Therapeutics , Neuroprotective Agents , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
AIM:To investigate the role of Krüppel-like factor 17(KLF17)in nude mouse xenograft model, and to explore the target genes regulated by KLF 17, the target gene functions and the signaling pathways involved.ME-THODS:The KLF17 was stably up-regulated in human lung adenocarcinoma A 549 cells and down-regulated in human lung adenocarcinoma H322 cells by lentiviral infection.BLAB/c nu/nu nude mice(n=11)were divided into KLF17 up-regual-tion group(n=5)and KLF17 down-regulation group(n=6).The right and left bodies of the nude mice were subcutane-ously injected with KLF17-up-/down-regulating cells and the counterpart empty vectors were used as control cells,respec-tively.The effects of KLF17 on the growth of the cell-derived xenografts in nude mice were analyzed.The mRNA and pro-tein expression levels of KLF17 in xenograft tumor tissues were analyzed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical stai-ning,respectively.Transcriptome sequencing was used to explore the differentially expressed genes in the xenograft tumors derived from KLF17-up-regulating A549 cells,and the functions of the potential target genes were analyzed using the lung adenocarcinoma data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.Gene Ontology and KEGG PATHWAY enrichment analyses were performed to analyze the functions of the differentially expressed genes and the involved signal pathways.RE-SULTS:The growth rate of KLF17-up-regulating A549 cell-derived xenograft tumors in the nude mice was significantly lower than that in empty control group(P<0.05),while the growth rate and the weight of KLF 17-down-regulating H322 cell-derived xenograft tumors in nude mice were significantly higher than those in empty control group(P<0.01 and P<0.05,respectively).In the A549 cell-derived xenograft tumor model,the KLF17 mRNA and protein were significantly in-creased in KLF17 up-regualtion group.The transcriptome sequencing showed the potential target genes regulated by KLF 17 were ras homolog family member V(RHOV)and coronin 1C(CORO1C).Ten-year cumulative survival time of the patients with lung adenocarcinoma from TCGA database was significantly different between high and low expression of RHOV and CORO1C at mRNA level.Increased expression levels of RHOV and CORO1C were correlated with short survival time in the patients with lung adnocarcinoma.The results of Gene Ontology and KEGG PATHWAY enrichment analyses indicated that the target genes(differentially expressed genes)regulated by KLF17 were related to the stimulation response,growth and adhesion of tumor cells,and participated in chemotaxis-,adhesion-and extracellular matrix receptor-related signaling path-ways.CONCLUSION:KLF17 inhibits the xenograft tumor growth in nude mice,and inhibits the oncogenes such as RHOV and CORO1C.The target genes regulated by KLF17 participate in the regulation of tumor adhesion-and growth-related sig-naling pathways.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of TNSALP gene detection in prenatal diagnosis of HPP. Method The clinical data and the results of complete exon sequencing of TNSALP gene in one neonate with low alkaline phosphatase (HPP) were analyzed retrospectively. Peripheral bloods from his family members were collected. The amniotic fluid cell in fetuses at 17 weeks was tested for candidate gene mutations by Sanger sequencing. Results Mainly manifestations in 6-day-old baby were multiple fractures, limb shortening and bending and dyspnea. He died of respiratory failure 9 days after birth. The serum alkaline phosphatase was decreased and serum calcium was decreased slightly; serum phosphorus, serum 25 hydroxyvitamin-D and parathyroid hormone were normal. X-ray showed that the whole body bone was very poorly mineralized, and the long diaphysis was enlarged with shape of a cup at the end and multiple fractures existed. Gene sequencing revealed a complex heterozygous missense mutation in the TNSALP gene, including the heterozygous missense mutation c.542C>T in exon sixth causing 181st amino acids changed from serine to leucine (p.S181L), and tenth exon heterozygous missense mutation in c.1016G>A causing 339th amino acid changed from glycine to glutamic acid (p.G339E). The parental phenotypes were normal. The c.542C>T mutation is inherited from his father and the c.1016G>A mutation is inherited from his mother. These two mutations were not detected in the fetus. Conclusion TNSALP gene analysis can be applied to the diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis of HPP.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To study the growth-inhibiting and proapoptotic effects of Pim-1 kinase inhibitor SMI-4a on human acute myeloid leukemia cell line U937.METHODS:The effect of SMI-4a on U937 cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay.The apoptotic rate was assessed by flow cytometry with Annexin V-PI staining and by fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33342 staining.Methylcellulose was used to assess colony formation ability of the cells.The expression of β-catenin in the cell cytosol and nucleus was detected by Western blot,and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the U937 cells was also examined.Intracellular distribution of β-catenin was detected by the method of immunofluorescence.RESULTS:SMI-4a inhibited the viability of U937 cells.Annexin V-PI staining showed that SMI-4a induced apoptosis in dose-and time-dependent manners.Hoechst 33342 staining also verified the apoptosis.SMI-4a significantly inhibited the colony formation capacity of the U937 cells.The results of Western blot demonstrated that SMI-4a upregulated the expression of PARP and Bax,downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and change the distribution of β-catenin in intracellular compartment.Immunofluorescence observation found that SMI-4a decreased the expression level of β-catenin in the U937 cells.CONCLUSION:SMI-4a induces U937 cell apoptosis through regulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To design a modified medical clamp-type restraining gloves for the agitated patient.Methods The gloves were composed of two parts for palm and wrist.The palm part had a layer of hardboard at each side,and the wrist part had a restraining belt at the outer surface and a layer of detachable circular pad at the internal surface.Totally 100 ICU patients were selected by random sampling and then divided into a control group and an observation group.The control group used the traditional restraining gloves,and the observation group applied the modified restraining gloves.The two groups were compared on the incidence rates for dropping off of the gloves,unplanned extubation and corresponding complications.Results The modified restraining gloves gained high application effects,and were easily acceptable for the patient dependents.The observation group had all the incidence rates for dropping off of the gloves,unplanned extubation and corresponding complications significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The modified restraining gloves have easy operation and high reliability,and thus are worthy promoting practically.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To study the growth-inhibiting and proapoptotic effects of Pim-1 kinase inhibitor SMI-4a on human acute myeloid leukemia cell line U937.METHODS:The effect of SMI-4a on U937 cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay.The apoptotic rate was assessed by flow cytometry with Annexin V-PI staining and by fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33342 staining.Methylcellulose was used to assess colony formation ability of the cells.The expression of β-catenin in the cell cytosol and nucleus was detected by Western blot,and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the U937 cells was also examined.Intracellular distribution of β-catenin was detected by the method of immunofluorescence.RESULTS:SMI-4a inhibited the viability of U937 cells.Annexin V-PI staining showed that SMI-4a induced apoptosis in dose-and time-dependent manners.Hoechst 33342 staining also verified the apoptosis.SMI-4a significantly inhibited the colony formation capacity of the U937 cells.The results of Western blot demonstrated that SMI-4a upregulated the expression of PARP and Bax,downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and change the distribution of β-catenin in intracellular compartment.Immunofluorescence observation found that SMI-4a decreased the expression level of β-catenin in the U937 cells.CONCLUSION:SMI-4a induces U937 cell apoptosis through regulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To design a modified medical clamp-type restraining gloves for the agitated patient.Methods The gloves were composed of two parts for palm and wrist.The palm part had a layer of hardboard at each side,and the wrist part had a restraining belt at the outer surface and a layer of detachable circular pad at the internal surface.Totally 100 ICU patients were selected by random sampling and then divided into a control group and an observation group.The control group used the traditional restraining gloves,and the observation group applied the modified restraining gloves.The two groups were compared on the incidence rates for dropping off of the gloves,unplanned extubation and corresponding complications.Results The modified restraining gloves gained high application effects,and were easily acceptable for the patient dependents.The observation group had all the incidence rates for dropping off of the gloves,unplanned extubation and corresponding complications significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The modified restraining gloves have easy operation and high reliability,and thus are worthy promoting practically.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To study the clinical effect of implantation of multifocal intraocular lens ( lOL ) combined with cataract extraction and lOL in cataract patients. ●METHODS:A total of 86 cases ( 86 eyes ) of cataract patients admitted to our hospital from Feb. 2014 to Mar. 2015 were divided into two groups according to the order of admission, each of 43 cases. The 43 patients with cataract extraction combined with non spherical astigmatism correction type monofocal lOL implantation for the treatment as the control group, the other 43 patients with cataract extraction combined with aspheric toric multifocal lOL implantation were treated as the observation group. After 1y of follow- up, the visual acuity, astigmatism and the contrast sensitivity of the two groups were observed. ●RESULTS: There was no difference in visual acuity between two groups (P>0. 05). Postoperative observation group of uncorrected near visual acuity ( UCNVA ) was significantly better than the control group (P0. 05). There was no difference in astigmatism between the two groups before and after operation ( P> 0. 05 ). There was no difference in contrast sensitivity between two groups ( P>0. 05). The contrast sensitivity of the control group was better than that of the observation group (P0. 05). ● CONCLUSION: Astigmatism correction multifocal intraocular lens on corneal astigmatism after surgery has a good effect, the naked eye near visual effect is better, the rest of the visual acuity is stable, good visual quality, worthy of clinical application and promotion.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of negative pressure therapy in the treatment of superficial partial-thickness scald in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundred and seven children with superficial partial-thickness scald hospitalized from August 2009 to May 2012 were divided into negative pressure therapy group (NPT, n = 145) and control group (C, n = 162) according to the random number table. Patients in group NPT were treated with negative pressure from within post injury day (PID) 3 to PID 9 (with -16 kPa pressure), while traditional occlusive dressing method was used in group C. Changes in body temperature, wound healing condition, frequency of dressing change were compared between group NPT and group C. Bacterial culture results of wounds were compared before and after treatment in group NPT. Volume of drained transudate per one percent of wound area was recorded in group NPT on PID 1 to PID 3. Data were processed with t test or chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of high fever was significantly lower in group NPT (26.9%, 39/145) than in group C (63.6%, 103/162, χ(2) = 41.419, P < 0.01). On PID 9, complete wound epithelization was observed in 138 patients in group NPT, and in 7 patients there were a few residual wounds which healed after dressing change for 2 days. The wound healing time of patients in group NPT [(9.2 ± 0.6) d] was obviously shorter than that in group C [(10.1 ± 1.6) d, t = 6.895, P < 0.01]. The frequency of dressing change among patients in group NPT [(2.05 ± 0.22) times] was significantly decreased as compared with that in group C [(4.82 ± 0.81) times, t = 39.878, P < 0.01]. Bacteria were found in wound secretion of seventeen patients in group NPT before treatment, while no bacterium was discovered in all patients after treatment. Volumes of drainage fluid in group NPT were proportional to wound areas, which were respectively (9.8 ± 3.2), (6.2 ± 2.1), (4.1 ± 1.6) mL per one percent of wound area on PID 1, 2, and 3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>NPT can decrease times of dressing change, and alleviate infection and inflammatory response by drainage of transudate, which promotes wound healing at last. NPT is proved to be a safe and effective approach for treatment of children with superficial partial-thickness scald.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Bandages , Body Temperature , Burns , Therapeutics , Drainage , Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy , Wound HealingABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy profile of entecavir capsule (ETV) as a chronic hepatitis B therapy, as compared to lamivudine (LAM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel group evaluation of ETV, 232 subjects were administered a 96-week course of 0.5 mg/day ETV or 100 mg/day LAM. PCR measurement of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was conducted throughout the treatment course to determine achievement of complete virologic response (CVR; defined as less than 500 copies/ml of HBV DNA) or experience of virology rebound ( more than 500 copies/ml of HBV DNA after achievement of CVR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After week-48 of treatment, the ETV group showed a higher CVR rate (90.3% vs. LAM: 59.4%) and lower virology rebound rate (1.9% vs. LAM: 13.9%). After week-96 of treatment, the ETV group continued to have a higher CVR rate (86.0% vs. LAM: 71.4%), and virology rebound was experienced by significantly less subjects in the ETV group (1.2% vs. LAM: 11.9%, P = 0.005).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ETV therapy can quickly and continuously suppress HBV replication in chronic hepatitis B patients, and has a lower resistance rate than LAM. Compared to LAM, ETV may be a superior long-term treatment choice for chronic hepatitis B.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Antiviral Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Double-Blind Method , Guanine , Therapeutic Uses , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Drug Therapy , Lamivudine , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Technetium-99m or (99m)Tc is widely used for labeling peptide in nuclear medicine. Somatostatin and its analog can inhibit tumor cell growth after binding with its receptor. This research was to study the preclinical effect of a new (99m)Tc-6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC)-depreotide, indirect (99m)Tc labeling of depreotide using HYNIC as a bifunctional chelator.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cyclopeptide, cyclo-[(N-Me) Phe-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Hcy], the linear peptide, and [ClCH(2)-CO×b-Dap-Lys- Cys-Lys×amide] were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase synthesis. The cyclopeptide and the linear peptide were linked by liquid-phase synthesis. The product depreotide was isolated and purified by high performance liquid chromatography and was confirmed by mass spectrography. Depreotide was labeled with (99m)Tc through a direct labeling method, using HYNIC as a bifunctional chelator. Paper chromatography method was used to calculate the labeling rate, and through the comparative analysis selected the best mark conditions. The new (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide was tested by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The internalization and externalization rates of the new (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide were studied in A549 cells. Furthermore, biodistribution of the radiopeptide was studied in nude mice, bearing tumors from human lung carcinoma cells SPC-A1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The molecular of synthesize depreotide was 1358, and the purity of it was 95.29%. The labeling efficiency of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide was highest at pH 6.0 and 15°C, about (70.95 ± 0.84)%. The labeling rate of the new (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide rose to a peak of (20.75 ± 0.48)% at 60 minutes in A549 cells at 37°C and decreased slightly later, while it elevated gradually during the time course at 4°C and 25°C. The internalization rate of the new (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide at 37°C increased gradually and reached the peak of 84.4% in 120 minutes, while the externalization rate of the new (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide was always less than 20%. In mice bearing the experimental SPC-A1 tumor, the new (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide demonstrated a high tumor uptake of (4.05 ± 0.04)% ID/g at 1.5 hpi and remained high ((2.51 ± 0.06)% ID/g) at 4 hpi. The tumor-to-lung activity concentration ratio (T/Lu) was very high for the new (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide at all time points. So did the tumor-to-muscle activity (T/Mu) and tumor-to-blood activity concentration ratios (T/Bl).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The findings suggested that the new (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide might be a promising candidate radiopharmaceutical for imaging somatostatin receptor positive lung cancer.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Cell Line, Tumor , Hydrazines , Chemistry , Lung Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Mice, Nude , Nicotinic Acids , Chemistry , Receptors, Somatostatin , Metabolism , Technetium , ChemistryABSTRACT
Weighted topsis method is applied to evaluate the key factors in medical management of diabetes mellitus.The key factors are admission examinations,drug selection,patient serf-management skills,nursing quality,and physicians'capability.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the options on treatment of distal radioulnar joint instability combined with distal radius fracture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2007 to December 2009, 264 patients with unstable distal radius fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, in which 42 patients combined with distal radioulnar instability. Distal radioulnar joints of 20 patients were fixed with Kirschner wire or plaster cast at supinator position, and other distal radioulnar joints of 22 patients were not fixed. Range of motion of wrist joints and grip strength were observed; function of wrist were evaluated by modified Gartland-Werley scoring system (GW score); stability of distal radioulnar joints were tested at final follow-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-one patients were followed up more than 1 year. All fractures obtained healing within 3 months after operation, and apposition of joints was good, no significant subluxation or dislocation were found. There were not statistical differences in grip strength, motion of joints and GW score between two groups (fixation and non-fixation). Only one patient occurred chronic distal radioulnar instability.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There was no significant difference between fixation and non fixation for the treatment of distal radius fractures with distal radioulnar joint instability. For this reason, if fractures can be satisfactory reduced, there is no need for the one-stage distal radioulnar joint fixation.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bone Wires , Case-Control Studies , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Methods , Joint Instability , General Surgery , Radius Fractures , General Surgery , Wrist JointABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of ephrin-A7 (EphA7) and metadherin (MTDH) and their clinicopathological significances in the benign and malignant lesions of gallbladder.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EnVisiom immunohistochemical methods was used for determining the expressions of EphA7 and MTDH in routinely paraffin-embedded sections of surgically-resected specimens from 108 cases with gallbladder adenocarcinoma, 15 cases with adenomatous polyp and 35 cases with chronic cholecystitis treated from June 1996 to June 2006. And 46 cases of peritumoral tissues were also harvested as controls (n = 35).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive expression rates of EphA7 and MTDH were significantly higher in gallbladder adenocarcinoma than those in peritumoral tissues (χ(2)(EphA7) = 12.65, χ(2)(MTDH) = 13.00; P < 0.01), adenomatous polyp (χ(2)(EphA7) = 8.21, χ(2)(MTDH) = 9.39; P < 0.01) and chronic cholecystitis (χ(2)(EphA7) = 21.21, χ(2)(MTDH) = 23.68; P < 0.01); Moderately-or severely-atypical hyperplasia of gallbladder epithelium was found in the benign lesions with positive expression of EphA7 and/or MTDH. The positive rates of EphA7 and MTDH were significantly lower in the cases of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, maximal diameter of tumor < 2 cm, no-metastasis of lymph node, and tumor with no-invasiveness of regional tissues than those in the poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma (χ(2)(EphA7) = 12.34, χ(2)(MTDH) = 12.80; P < 0.01), maximal diameter of tumor ≥ 2 cm (χ(2)(EphA7) = 5.22, χ(2)(MTDH) = 5.00; P < 0.05), cases with metastasis of lymph node (χ(2)(EphA7) = 5.15, χ(2)(MTDH) = 5.86; P < 0.05) and cases with invasiveness of regional tissues (χ(2)(EphA7) = 7.06, P < 0.01; χ(2)(MTDH) = 4.13; P < 0.05) in gallbladder adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05). The high consistency was found between the expressive levels of EphA7 and MTDH in gallbladder adenocarcinoma (χ(2) = 13.11, P < 0.01). The univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the increased expression of EphA7 (P = 0.023) and MTDH (P = 0.034) was negatively associated with the overall survival. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that increased expression of EphA7 and/or MTDH (P(EphA2) = 0.023, P(MTDH) = 0.034) was an independent poor-prognostic predictor for gallbladder adenocarcinoma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of EphA7 and/or MTDH might be closely related to the carcinogenesis, progression, clinical biological behaviors and prognosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma. The positive expression of EphA7 and/or MTDH may predict bad-prognosis in gallbladder adenocarcinoma.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cell Adhesion Molecules , Metabolism , Cholecystitis , Metabolism , Pathology , Follow-Up Studies , Gallbladder , Metabolism , Pathology , Gallbladder Diseases , Metabolism , Pathology , Gallbladder Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Polyps , Metabolism , Pathology , Prognosis , Receptor, EphA7 , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Presacral tumors are highly infrequent tumors located in the space known as presacral or retrorectal space. Although there have been substantial improvements in the prognosis of patients with malignant presacral tumors, the development of newer surgical strategy is likely to further improve the oncologic outcomes of malignant presacral tumors. The aim of this article was to report our experience in 33 cases, and to review the surgical strategy, pathological features and the prevention of complications from our experience.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 33 cases (20 male and 13 female) with presacral tumors surgically treated in our hospital between January 1998 and April 2009. The surgical approaches included trans-abdominal in 10 cases (30%), trans-sacral in 18 cases (55%) and combined abdominal-sacral in 5 cases (15%). All patients got followed up (14 - 123 months, mean of 45.1 months). At last, the general information, clinical symptoms, histodiagnosis, surgical types and postoperative complications of all cases in our series were assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ages of 33 patients ranged from 18 to 71 years, with an average of 48.5 years.</p><p><b>PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS</b>6 epidermoid cysts, 5 teratomas, 3 leiomyomas, 9 neurofibromas, 5 neurilemmomas, 1 enterogenous cyst, 1 liposarcoma, 1 leiomyosarcoma, 1 angiosarcoma, and 1 neurofibrosarcoma. All tumors were excised with no perioperative death. A colostomy was taken in one case with angiosarcoma involving the rectum because of the intraoperative injury of the rectum. Blood loss during surgery was 400 - 11 000 ml (mean of 2400 ml). Four (12%) cases had local recurrence during follow-up: 2 because of inadequate drainage after dermoidectomy, both of them were cured by surgical resection and drainage; recurrence occurred in a case of teratoma in 18 months after surgery, cured by a trans-sacral excision; local recurrence and lung metastasis occurred simultaneously in a case of angiosarcoma in 6 months postoperatively and the patient died one month later of respiratory failure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The main treatment of most presacral tumors is surgical resection. Selection of surgical approach is very important for complete resection of the presacral tumors. The location, size and peculiarities of tumors, conditions of the skin and soft tissues and the patients' somatotype are all determinative factors. Multidisciplinary cooperation is also very necessary.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms , Pathology , General Surgery , Retrospective Studies , Sacrococcygeal Region , Pathology , General SurgeryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen potential serum marker proteins of osteosarcoma, and to make a preliminary bioinformatics analysis of RNA polymerase III polypeptide F (POLR3F).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Gene chip and SELDI-TOF MS was used to screen genes differentially expressed in osteosarcoma. The associations of potential biomarkers from SELDI data and microarray analysis were further inferred by link-test to identify biomarkers that could likely be used for diagnosis. MATLAB was used to search transcription factors binding site in the promoter region and miRNAs binding site in 3'-UTR of POLR3F, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>653 differentially expressed genes were found in osteosarcoma cells, while six differentially expressed protein peaks with significant statistical significances were detected by SELDI-TOF MS in patient's serum. 13 potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of osteosarcoma were screened by link-test. A conserved STAT3 binding site and a miRNA target site were found in proximal promoter regions and 3'-UTR region of POLR3F, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Link-test is a effective method to identify osteosarcoma biomarkers from both microarray and SELDI-TOF MS database. The results confirmed that POLR3F may be a promising biomarker for early diagnosis and a therapy target of osteosarcoma.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Binding Sites , Biomarkers, Tumor , Blood , Blood Proteins , Bone Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Osteosarcoma , Genetics , Metabolism , Peptides , Genetics , Metabolism , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Genetics , Protein Binding , Protein Subunits , Genetics , Metabolism , RNA Polymerase III , Genetics , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , STAT3 Transcription Factor , Metabolism , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEPO) on p-Akt and caspase-9 expressions in the hippocampus of rats with status epilepticus (SE) and explore the neuroprotective mechanism of rhuEPO.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adult male SD rats were randomized into control, PTZ, rHuEPO, LY294002 group, and DMSO groups and treated with normal saline (NS), PTZ, PTZ+rHuEPO, PTZ+LY294002+rHuEPO, and PTZ+DMSO+rHuEPO, respectively. The behavioral and electroencephalogram (EEG) changes of the rats were recorded, and the expressions of p-Akt and caspase-9 were detected using immunohistochemistry. The hippocampal expression of caspase-9 mRNA was detected using RT-PCR, and the expressions of Akt and p-Akt proteins were determined with Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The p-Akt-positive cell and p-Akt protein expression increased significantly while the caspase-9-positive cell and caspase-9 mRNA expression decreased in rHuEPO group as compared with those in PTZ group (P<0.05). LY294002 treatment prior to rHuEPO injection significantly abolished the effects of rHuEPO on caspase-9 and p-Akt immunohistochemical positivity and caspase-9 mRNA and p-Akt protein expressions (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Administration of rHuEPO activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in SE rats and increases the expression of p-Akt protein to regulate the expression of caspase-9, a regulatory factor of the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway, and therefore provides anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects.</p>