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Proximal tibial aspect ratio (PTAR) is closely related to age, disease status and cutting parameters with considerable inter-individual variation independent of gender and race, nevertheless the aspect ratio of tibial components from different manufacturers remains relatively constant from smallest to largest size. As a result, component mismatching is an unavoidable dilemma during tibia preparation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Various prosthesis systems all can achieve more than 80% coverage on proximal tibia, whereas their optimal fit rates are generally not more than 50%. It is difficult for symmetrical components to avoid anteroposterior mismatch, internal malrotation tends to occur when maximum coverage is pursued on the resected surface with a medial dominant plateau or lower PTAR. Although it is easier to achieve a balance of rotation and coverage with anatomical components, significant anteromedial overhang tends to appear on the resected surface with a symmetrical or lateral dominant plateau. Further researches should focus on the law of inter-individual variability of proximal tibial morphology, the quantitative definition of "ideal matching" safety zone of key morphological parameters on different areas of proximal tibia and the methodology of realizing"ideal matching"in the majority patients with the least amount of component sizes. In addition, with the rapid development of additive manufacturing and digital orthopedic technology, individual customized implant is expected to become a breakthrough point in the field of TKA component fitting.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the brain effect mechanism and the correlation between brain functional imaging and cognitive function in treatment of depressive disorder (DD) with transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) based on the resting-state functional magenetic reasonance imaging (rs-fMRI).@*METHODS@#Thirty-two DD patients were included in a depression group and 32 subjects of healthy condition were enrolled in a normal group. In the depression group, the taVNS was applied to bilateral Xin (CO15) and Shen (CO10), at disperse-dense wave, 4 Hz/20 Hz in frequency and current intensity ≤20 mA depending on patient's tolerance, 30 min each time, twice daily. The duration of treatment consisted of 8 weeks. The patients of two groups were undertaken rs-fMRI scanning. The scores of Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) were observed in the normal group at baseline and the depression group before and after treatment separately. The differential brain regions were observed before and after treatment in the two groups and the value of degree centrality (DC) of fMRI was obtained. Their correlation was analyzed in terms of HAMD, HAMA and WCST scores.@*RESULTS@#The scores of HAMD and HAMA in the depression group were all higher than those in the normal group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of HAMD and HAMA were lower than those before treatment in the depression group; the scores of total responses, response errors and perseverative errors of WCST were all lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). The brain regions with significant differences included the left inferior temporal gyrus, the left cerebellar peduncles region 1, the left insula, the right putamen, the bilateral supplementary motor area and the right middle frontal gyrus. After treatment, the value of DC in left supplementary motor area was negatively correlated to HAMD and HAMA scores respectively (r=-0.324, P=0.012; r=-0.310, P=0.015); the value of DC in left cerebellar peduncles region 1 was negatively correlated to the total responses of WCST (r=-0.322, P=0.013), and the left insula was positively correlated to the total responses of WCST (r=0.271, P=0.036).@*CONCLUSION@#The taVNS can modulate the intensity of the functional activities of some brain regions so as to relieve depressive symptoms and improve cognitive function.
Subject(s)
Humans , Depression/therapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Vagus Nerve Stimulation/methods , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/methods , Vagus NerveABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the risk factors of chronic postoperative inguinal pain for laparoscopic trans-abdominal preperitoneal hernia repair and establish a nomogram prediction model for it.Methods:The clinical data of 576 patients who underwent laparoscopic trans-abdominal preperitoneal hernia repair for inguinal pain at the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2015 to December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. According to different postoperative outcomes, patients were divided into chronic pain group ( n=54) and non-chronic pain group ( n=522), compared two groups of patients in the material, including gender, age, BMI, smoking history, history of drinking, hypertension, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, abdominal surgery history, history of inguinal hernia, hernia type, the hernial sac size, prophylactic use of antibiotics, VAS score, mesh fixation techniques, operation time, length of stay. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as ( ± s) and independent sample t test was used for comparison between groups. Measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed as M( Q1, Q3), and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparision between groups. Chi-square test was used to compare the measurement data of counting data.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for chronic postoperative inguinal pain. R software was used to establish the drawing of the nomogram prediction model, and the consistency index, calibration chart and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the predictive ability of the nomogram prediction model. Results:According to the results of the Logistic regression analysis, age≤45 years ( OR=2.202, 95% CI: 1.080-4.491), BMI≥24 kg/m 2 ( OR=2.231, 95% CI: 1.204-4.134), hernial sac≤5 cm ( OR=2.623, 95% CI: 1.309-5.257), recurrent hernia ( OR=2.769, 95% CI: 1.118-6.860), preoperative pain ( OR=4.121, 95% CI: 2.004-8.476), suture fixation ( OR=2.204, 95% CI: 1.151-4.219)and Postoperative acute pain (VAS>3) ( OR=5.814, 95% CI: 2.532-13.350) were independent risk factors for chronic postoperative inguinal pain ( P<0.05). Based upon the above independent risk factors, the nomogram prediction model was established and verified. The area under the curve of the nomogram prediction model was 0.779 (95% CI: 0.718-0.840, P<0.01). After internal verification, the concordance index value of the prediction model was 0.779. Conclusion:age≤45 years, BMI ≥24 kg/m 2, hernial sac≤5 cm, recurrent hernia, preoperative pain, suture fixation and Postoperative acute pain (VAS>3) are independent risk factors for chronic postoperative inguinal pain for laparoscopic trans-abdominal preperitoneal hernia repair, the nomogram prediction model has a good accuracy and discrimination with a high value of clinical application.
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Explainable artificial intelligence (AI) promotes the development of medicine and raises different ethical challenges. This new challenge is manifested in two aspects, including pre-interpretation and post-interpretation. The technical root of the ethical issues leading to the medical application of explainable AI is the negative effects of explainable technology, the social root is the lack of relevant moral principles and legislation, and the root of subjectivity lies in the diversity of interests of various stakeholders. Therefore, the solutions to the problem are to strengthen technological innovation, explainable AI medical application ethics education, training of medical staff and interdisciplinary cooperation, improve relevant moral principles, laws and regulations, and realize personalized interactive interpretation.
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Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in Western countries. Studies have shown that androgen contributes to the progression of PCa, but how androgen promotes PCa remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that androgen suppressed the expression of miR-760 depending on the interaction between androgen and androgen receptor (AR). miR-760 was downregulated in prostate cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Functional experiments showed that miR-760 downregulation promoted the proliferation and growth of LNCaP and 22rv1 cells. In contrast, miR-760 ectopic expression inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP and 22rv1 cells. DNA synthesis was suppressed by miR-760. Mechanistically, miR-760 bound to the 3'UTR of interleukin 6 (IL6 ). A mutation in the binding site disrupted their interaction. In addition, silencing ofIL 6 suppressed the proliferation of LNCaP and 22rv1 cells. IL6 was upregulated in PCa tissues. Our study reveals that androgen downregulates miR-760 to promote the growth of PCa cells by regulating IL6.
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OBJECTIVES@#Glioma is the most common intracranial primary tumor in central nervous system. Glioma grading possesses important guiding significance for the selection of clinical treatment and follow-up plan, and the assessment of prognosis. This study aims to explore the feasibility of logistic regression model based on radiomics to predict glioma grading.@*METHODS@#Retrospective analysis was performed on 146 glioma patients with confirmed pathological diagnosis from January, 2012 to December, 2018. A total of 41 radiomics features were extracted from contrast-enhanced T@*RESULTS@#A total of 5 imaging features selected by LASSO were used to establish a logistic regression model for predicting glioma grading. The model showed good discrimination with AUC value of 0.919. Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed no significant difference between the calibration curve and the ideal curve (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The logistic regression model using radiomics exhibits a relatively high accuracy for predicting glioma grading, which may serve as a complementary tool for preoperative prediction of giloma grading.
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Humans , Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Glioma/diagnostic imaging , Logistic Models , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , ROC Curve , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Seed vigor is a key factor affecting seed quality. The mechanical drying process exerts a significant influence on rice seed vigor. The initial moisture content (IMC) and drying temperature are considered the main factors affecting rice seed vigor through mechanical drying. This study aimed to determine the optimum drying temperature for rice seeds according to the IMC, and elucidate the mechanisms mediating the effects of drying temperature and IMC on seed vigor. Rice seeds with three different IMCs (20%, 25%, and 30%) were dried to the target moisture content (14%) at four different drying temperatures. The results showed that the drying temperature and IMC had significant effects on the drying performance and vigor of the rice seeds. The upper limits of drying temperature for rice seeds with 20%, 25%, and 30% IMCs were 45, 42, and 38 °C, respectively. The drying rate and seed temperature increased significantly with increasing drying temperature. The drying temperature, drying rate, and seed temperature showed extremely significant negative correlations with germination energy (GE), germination rate, germination index (GI), and vigor index (VI). A high IMC and drying temperature probably induced a massive accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anions in the seeds, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and increased the abscisic acid (ABA) content. In the early stage of seed germination, the IMC and drying temperature regulated seed germination through the metabolism of H2O2, gibberellin acid (GA), ABA, and α-amylase. These results indicate that the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes, GA, ABA, and α-amylase might be involved in the mediation of the effects of drying temperature on seed vigor. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the mechanical drying of rice seeds.
Subject(s)
Abscisic Acid/metabolism , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Catalase/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects , Germination , Gibberellins/metabolism , Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry , Malondialdehyde/chemistry , Oryza/metabolism , Oxygen/chemistry , Plant Proteins/genetics , Reactive Oxygen Species , Seeds/metabolism , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Superoxides/chemistry , Temperature , Weather , alpha-Amylases/metabolismABSTRACT
Background@#Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a global pathogen causing significant public health concerns. China has reported several imported cases where ZIKV were carried by travelers who frequently travel between China and ZIKV-endemic regions. To fully characterize the ZIKV strains isolated from the cases reported in China and assess the risk of ZIKV transmission in China, comprehensive phylogenetic and genetic analyses were performed both on all ZIKV sequences of China and on a group of scientifically selected ZIKV sequences reported in some of the top interested destinations for Chinese travelers.@*Methods@#ZIKV genomic sequences were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database through stratified sampling. Recombination event detection, maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis, molecular clock analysis, selection pressure analysis, and amino acid substitution analysis were used to reconstruct the epidemiology and molecular transmission of ZIKV.@*Results@#The present study investigated 18 ZIKV sequences from China and 70 sequences from 16 selected countries. Recombination events rarely happens in all ZIKV Asian lineage. ZIKV genomes were generally undergone episodic positive selection (17 sites), and only one site was under pervasive positive selection. All ZIKV imported into China were Asian lineage and were assigned into two clusters: Venezuela-origin (cluster A) and Samoa-origin cluster (cluster B) with common ancestor from French Polynesia. The time of most recent common ancestors of Cluster A dated to approximately 2013/11 (95% highest posterior density [HPD] 2013/06, 2014/03) and cluster B dated to 2014/08 (95% HPD 2014/02, 2015/01). Cluster B is more variable than Cluster A in comparison with other clusters, but no varied site of biological significance was revealed. ZIKV strains in Southeast Asia countries are independent from strains in America epidemics.@*Conclusions@#The genetic evolution of ZIKV is conservative. There are two independent introductions of ZIKV into China and China is in danger of autochthonous transmission of ZIKV because of high-risk surrounding areas. Southeast Asia areas have high risk of originating the next large-scale epidemic ZIKV strains.
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Osteoarthritis is a chronic progressive disease characterized by cartilage degenerative diseases. Due to the lack of vascular supply of articular cartilage and poor regeneration of chondrocytes, it is difficult to repair the cartilage with degenerative wear. A large number of studies have confirmed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, synovial mesenchymal stem cells, osteoarthritis joint fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells, etc. can be effective to relieve osteoarthritis and repair damaged cartilage. Mesenchymal stem cells can directly differentiate into chondrocytes under appropriate microenvironment, and they also have immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory and paracrine effects. In this paper, the research progress of basic experiments and clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells from different sources in osteoarthritis is reviewed to better promote the research progress of stem cell therapy for osteoarthritis.
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OBJECTIVE: A multicenter survey is conducted to study the application,the long-term effect and safety of hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)in the treatment of rheumatic diseases in Suzhou. METHODS: Retrospectively collect the data of outpatients and inpatients from Rheumatology Department of four general hospitals in Suzhou(the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, and Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Kunshan, the First People's Hospital of Changshu)from June 2017 to July 2018. A special questionnaire was used to collect data on general information, diagnosis, methods and courses in the use of hydroxychloro-quine, duration, efficacy and compliance, combined medication, adverse reactions of ophthalmology and other systems, and the use of hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)during pregnancy.Result Totally there were 856 cases, including 68 males(7.9%)and 788 females(92.1%).Classification of diseases: 147 cases of RA(including secondary SS of RA), 425 cases of SLE,12 cases of APS, 167 cases of PSS,104 cases of others, and 1 case of overlap syndrome(RA with SLE)The treatment course of HCQ: minimum 0.5 years, maximum 22.75 years, with an average of 3.59(SD=3.08)years.Dosage: 0.2 g/day in 604 cases, 0.4 g/day in 424 cases, 193 cases of using 0.4 and 0.2 successively, and 21 in other cases;721 cases used continuously. There were adverse reactions in 183 cases(7 males and 176 females), which were distributed in 30 cases of RA, 105 cases of SLE, 2 cases of APS, 31 cases of SS and 15 other cases. Ophthalmological adverse reactions occurred in 70 cases, with positive correlation in 4 cases. Ophthalmological examination: 121 cases(14.1%)every year;68 cases(7.9%)every two years. There were 92 cases of adverse skin reactions, with 8 cases of positive correlation. Other systems had few adverse reactions and there was no positive correlation. Continuous medication, combination of anti-rheumatic drugs and adverse reactions were associated, and continuous medication or combination of anti-rheumatic drugs were significantly associated with adverse reactions in ophthalmology and skin, respectively. The adverse reactions of ophthalmology were related to the course of treatment, and the adverse reactions of fundus increased after taking medicine for more than 7 years.There were 37 pregnancies and HCQ was used in 17 cases throughout pregnancy, and only 1 case had non-drug-related neonatal defects. CONCLUSION: HCQ is mainly used in the treatment of SLE, SS, RA and APS in Rheumatology Department in Suzhou. HCQ medication is standardized, but ophthalmic follow-up monitoring is not. Adverse reactions are mainly in skin and ophthalmology. Continuous medication and combination of antirheumatic drugs are associated factors of adverse reactions.Long-term treatment with HCQ is safe and well-toleratrd.
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BACKGROUND@#Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a global pathogen causing significant public health concerns. China has reported several imported cases where ZIKV were carried by travelers who frequently travel between China and ZIKV-endemic regions. To fully characterize the ZIKV strains isolated from the cases reported in China and assess the risk of ZIKV transmission in China, comprehensive phylogenetic and genetic analyses were performed both on all ZIKV sequences of China and on a group of scientifically selected ZIKV sequences reported in some of the top interested destinations for Chinese travelers.@*METHODS@#ZIKV genomic sequences were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database through stratified sampling. Recombination event detection, maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis, molecular clock analysis, selection pressure analysis, and amino acid substitution analysis were used to reconstruct the epidemiology and molecular transmission of ZIKV.@*RESULTS@#The present study investigated 18 ZIKV sequences from China and 70 sequences from 16 selected countries. Recombination events rarely happens in all ZIKV Asian lineage. ZIKV genomes were generally undergone episodic positive selection (17 sites), and only one site was under pervasive positive selection. All ZIKV imported into China were Asian lineage and were assigned into two clusters: Venezuela-origin (cluster A) and Samoa-origin cluster (cluster B) with common ancestor from French Polynesia. The time of most recent common ancestors of Cluster A dated to approximately 2013/11 (95% highest posterior density [HPD] 2013/06, 2014/03) and cluster B dated to 2014/08 (95% HPD 2014/02, 2015/01). Cluster B is more variable than Cluster A in comparison with other clusters, but no varied site of biological significance was revealed. ZIKV strains in Southeast Asia countries are independent from strains in America epidemics.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The genetic evolution of ZIKV is conservative. There are two independent introductions of ZIKV into China and China is in danger of autochthonous transmission of ZIKV because of high-risk surrounding areas. Southeast Asia areas have high risk of originating the next large-scale epidemic ZIKV strains.
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To explore the feasibility and efficacy of artificial neural network for differentiating high-grade glioma and low-grade glioma using image information. Methods: A total of 130 glioma patients with confirmed pathological diagnosis were selected retrospectively from 2012 to 2017. Forty one imaging features were extracted from each subjects based on 2-dimension magnetic resonance T1 weighted imaging with contrast-enhancement. An artificial neural network model was created and optimized according to the performance of feature selection. The training dataset was randomly selected half of the whole dataset, and the other half dataset was used to verify the performance of the neural network for glioma grading. The training-verification process was repeated for 100 times and the performance was averaged. Results: A total of 5 imaging features were selected as the ultimate input features for the neural network. The mean accuracy of the neural network for glioma grading was 90.32%, with a mean sensitivity at 87.86% and a mean specificity at 92.49%. The area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.9486. Conclusion: As a technique of artificial intelligence, neural network can reach a relatively high accuracy for the grading of glioma and provide a non-invasive and promising computer-aided diagnostic process for the pre-operative grading of glioma.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Glioma , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neoplasm Grading , Neural Networks, Computer , ROC Curve , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment of seminal vesicle cyst (SVC) associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis (Zinner syndrome) in order to promote the understanding of the disease.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 1 case ofZinner syndrome diagnosed and treated in our hospital and reviewed the literature related to this disease in domestic and foreign authoritative databases.@*RESULTS@#The patient was a 23-year-old male, diagnosed with Zinner syndrome, treated bytransrectal aspiration of SVC, and discharged from hospital 3 days postoperatively. Follow-upat 6 months after discharge found that the patient no longer felt perineal discomfort in the endstage of urination, but transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate revealedthe samevolume of fluid in the left seminal vesicles as before,which indicated recurrence.@*CONCLUSIONS@#SVC associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis can be considered asZinner syndrome. Transrectal aspiration of SVCcan relieve the local symptoms of the patient but relapse may easilyoccur. Therefore it is not recommended as the first-choice treatment of the disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Cysts , Diagnostic Imaging , Therapeutics , Genital Diseases, Male , Diagnostic Imaging , Therapeutics , Perineum , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Seminal Vesicles , Diagnostic Imaging , Solitary Kidney , Syndrome , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of case-based learning combined with standardized patients in probation of nuclear radionuclide therapy.Methods 360 interns were randomly assigned separately into CBL+SP group and LBL group (180 people),case based on SP as the center of clinical teaching mode was used for CBL+SP group,while traditional classroom teaching mode was used for LBL group.Theoretical test,case analysis and teaching satisfaction survey were used to evaluate the two teaching mode,using SPSS 20.0 software for statistical analysis of the data.t test was used for two independent samples of both theoretical test and case analysis and chi-square test was used for teaching satisfaction survey.Results The score of theory and case analysis of CBL+SP group was higher than that of LBL group,and the difference had statistical significance [(83.26 ± 4.18) vs.(80.36 ± 3.62),t=-7.041,P=0.000;(85.79 ± 4.15) vs.(81.26 ± 3.96),t=-10.844,P=0.000].Satisfaction survey showed that satisfaction degree of CBL+SP group in stimulating and training the correct clinical thinking,grasping the information skills and cultivating their ability to analyze and solve the problem was higher than that of LBL group,and the difference had statistical significance (x2=40.319,x2=33.620,x2=23.493,x2=23.283;P=0.000).Conclusion Case-based learning combined with standardized patients in probation of nuclear radionuclide therapy can obtain satisfactory teaching effort.
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The study was designed to investigate the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of alcohol extract from Euphorbia prostrata. The alcohol extract of E. prostrata was prepared, and the tolerated dosage was determined in mice by the test for acute toxicity. Then, MTT method was used to study the anti-proliferation effect of E. prostrata on normal cells and tumor cells. The rat aortic endothelial cells(RAECs) were primarily cultured. Subsequently, in vitro cell proliferation, migration and tubule formation assays were performed to detect the effect of alcohol extract of E. prostrata on proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the protein expressions of Akt, p-Akt, eNOS, p-eNOS, TGF-β1 and Smad3 in RAECs treated with E. prostrata. In addition, an in vivo transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma model in nude mice was established to detect nude mass, tumor volume and tumor weight. The contents of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and the platelet-derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB) in blood serum were detected by using ELISA kits. HE staining was performed to study the morphology of tumor tissues. The tolerated dosage of alcohol extract of E. prostrata in mice was 94.29 g•kg⁻¹. Alcohol extract of E. prostrata showed no inhibitory effect on L6 cells, but significantly inhibited the proliferations of HepG-2, PC12, A549, and Hela cells with the following order： HepG-2>Hela>PC12>A549. Meanwhile, alcohol extract of E. prostrata markedly inhibited the proliferation, migration and tube formation of RAECs, and enhanced the expressions of phosphorylated Akt and eNOS and increased the expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad3. In addition, E. prostrata notably inhibited the tumor growth in mice, and decreased the amount of VEGF, but increased the amount of PDGF-BB factor in serum of nude mice. The alcohol extract of E. prostrata may show an inhibitory effect on tumor growth and angiogenesis, which may contribute to its anti-tumor effect.
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Objective To explore the growth and developmental parameters and behavioral characteristics of rhesus monkeys during the first year of birth and to establish the background data.Methods A total of 18 (♂=11,♀=7 ) infant rhesus monkeys born from individually caged mothers and with known genetic background and postnatal days were monitored monthly for body weight, body height, head circumference, chest circumference, forelimb length, hind limb length, crown-rump length, tail length and anal-genital distance from postnatal day ( PND) 1 to 360, while hematology, blood chemistry and lymphocyte subsets were examined on PND 28, 175 and 360, and finger maze test was carried out on PND 208.Results The body weight showed linear growth with no significant difference between genders (P>0.05). Except for the anal-genital distance of male infants was significantly greater than that of female infants ( P0.05).Compared with that at PND28, TP and BUN were significantly increased (P0.05) at PND 175 and 360.Compared with that at PND28, CD4 +and CD4 +/CD8 +were significantly decreased ( P<0.01) while CD8+significantly increased ( P<0.01) at PND175 and 360.The number of sessions to solve task 2 in learning test was significantly greater than other tasks with females significantly less than males ( P<0.05) .The females had higher correct rate than males in the 2-day random memory test (P<0.05).Conclusions Body weight and morphological parameters show a linear growth.The PND.The RBC, HGB, LYMPH, TP, BUN, ALP, CD4 +, CD8 +and CD4 +/CD8+in hematology, blood chemistry and lymphocyte subsets show relevant changes to the growth and development of organs and systems in infants, which should be highly concerned in drug evaluation.The finger maze test indicates that female infants have better reversal learning and long-term memory than male infants.Background data and behavioral characteristics of infant rhesus monkeys during the first 12 months of birth are established in this study, which provide useful reference and support the evaluation of developmental and reproductive toxicity of drugs in rhesus monkeys.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Recently, local sustained-release antibiotics systems have been developed because they can increase local foci of concentrated antibiotics without increasing the plasma concentration, and thereby effectively decrease any systemic toxicity and side effects. A vancomycin-loaded bone-like hydroxyapatite/poly-amino acid (V-BHA/PAA) bony scaffold was successfully fabricated with vancomycin-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres and BHA/PAA, which was demonstrated to exhibit both porosity and perfect biodegradability. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the biosafety of this novel scaffold by conducting toxicity tests in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the ISO rules for medical implant biosafety, for in vitro tests, the scaffold was incubated with L929 fibroblasts or rabbit noncoagulant blood, with simultaneous creation of positive control and negative control groups. The growth condition of L929 cells and hemolytic ratio were respectively evaluated after various incubation periods. For in vivo tests, a chronic osteomyelitis model involving the right proximal tibia of New Zealand white rabbits was established. After bacterial identification, the drug-loaded scaffold, drug-unloaded BHA/PAA, and poly (methyl methacrylate) were implanted, and a blank control group was also set up. Subsequently, the in vivo blood drug concentrations were measured, and the kidney and liver functions were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the in vitro tests, the cytotoxicity grades of V-BHA/PAA and BHA/PAA-based on the relative growth rate were all below 1. The hemolysis ratios of V-BHA/PAA and BHA/PAA were 2.27% and 1.42%, respectively, both below 5%. In the in vivo tests, the blood concentration of vancomycin after implantation of V-BHA/PAA was measured at far below its toxic concentration (60 mg/L), and the function and histomorphology of the liver and kidney were all normal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>According to ISO standards, the V-BHA/PAA scaffold is considered to have sufficient safety for clinical utilization.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Amino Acids , Chemistry , Bone and Bones , Durapatite , Chemistry , Microspheres , Polymers , Chemistry , Tissue Scaffolds , Chemistry , VancomycinABSTRACT
In this article, preparation and application characteristics of microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus were investigated. Results indicated that the optimum condition for preparation of micro encapsulation were 10% [w/v] wall material and the temperature of 20[degree]C, respectively. Many micropores in the porous starch micro particles was also observed by Scanning Electron Microscope. Furthermore, the released cell counts were increase from 2.43 log cfu/g to 9.17 log cfu/g for the time prolong to 3h in the simulated colonic pH solution. On the other hand, the visible cells of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the dog feces on the 10th day after the probiotics feeding was improve about 34.8% compare to the before feeding, which was decrease about 24.6% for Escherichia coli. Furthermore, the content of is ovaleric acid, indole and 3-methylindole, putrefactive substances in dog feces, before feeding were reduce 24%, 16% and 45% in dog feces on the 10th day after feeding compared to that before feeding, respectively. Micro encapsulation can be considered a useful technology to provide the protection for Lactobacillus acidophilus and better application effective
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BACKGROUND:Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury is a serious secondary injury of the spinal cord. Multifactor could contribute to the mechanism of this injury, and many therapeutic measures emerge, but the therapeutic effect is not ideal. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of hydrogen-rich saline on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. METHODS:ZIVIN method was adopted to prepare the model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. The rabbit models were randomly divided into model group, sham operation group, and hydrogen-rich saline group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Improved Tarlov scores for the evaluation of motor function were significantly increased in hydrogen-rich saline group compared with the model group at 6, 12, 24, 72 hours after reperfusion (P<0.01). The contents of malondialdehyde were significantly lower (P<0.05), while catalase activity was significantly higher (P<0.05) in hydrogen-rich saline group than that in model group at 72 hours after reperfusion. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that, spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons maintained intact structure in sham operation group;more necrotic spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons were found in model group, and granular-vacuolar degeneration occurred in the endochylema. In hydrogen-rich saline group, the structure of spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons was basical y intact, only a smal amount of spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons appeared vacuolar degeneration. TUNEL staining showed no apoptotic spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons in sham operation group. Many inflammatory cel s and apoptotic neurons were found in model group. There were few inflammatory cel s and apoptotic neurons in hydrogen-rich saline group. Hydrogen-rich saline can prevent the apoptosis of spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons in rabbits with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury, and the underlying mechanism is associated with antioxidative effect.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the risk factors for dry eye syndrome in visual display terminal (VDT) workers and to provide a scientific basis for protecting the eye health of VDT workers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Questionnaire survey, Schirmer I test, tear break-up time test, and workshop microenvironment evaluation were performed in 185 VDT workers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors for dry eye syndrome in VDT workers after adjustment for confounding factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the logistic regression model, the regression coefficients of daily mean time of exposure to screen, daily mean time of watching TV, parallel screen-eye angle, upward screen-eye angle, eye-screen distance of less than 20 cm, irregular breaks during screen-exposed work, age, and female gender on the results of Schirmer I test were 0.153, 0.548, 0.400, 0.796, 0.234, 0.516, 0.559, and -0.685, respectively; the regression coefficients of daily mean time of exposure to screen, parallel screen-eye angle, upward screen-eye angle, age, working years, and female gender on tear break-up time were 0.021, 0.625, 2.652, 0.749, 0.403, and 1.481, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Daily mean time of exposure to screen, daily mean time of watching TV, parallel screen-eye angle, upward screen-eye angle, eye-screen distance of less than 20 cm, irregular breaks during screen-exposed work, age, and working years are risk factors for dry eye syndrome in VDT workers.</p>