Electromyographic signals and the starting threshold voltage of orbicularis oris muscle in healthy rhesus monkeys / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of electromyography (EMG) signals and the starting threshold voltages of the orbicularis oris muscles (OOM) in healthy rhesus monkeys under different muscle movement conditions. Methods: The EMG signals and the starting threshold voltages at different time points in 4 healthy rhesus monkeys were acquired and recorded with EMG device and evoked potentiometer. The voltage amplitude variation of EMG signals was analyzed, and the voltage amplitude range of EMG signals at the beginning of OOM contraction was established. The data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: The EMG of OOM in healthy monkeys in the quiet, natural and continuous mouth-closed state was linear and relatively stable, and the absolute value fluctuated between 15 and 50 μV. The EMG waveform increased rapidly during the natural lip contraction movement, and its amplitude fluctuated greatly, with the highest absolute value of the peak value reaching hundreds of microvolts. The amplitude of EMG induced by continuous mouth closure was more than thousands of microvolts. There was no significant difference in EMG amplitudes of OOM in the healthy rhesus monkey under quiet and continuous lip closure at different time points (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in threshold voltages in the state of natural lip contraction of bilateral OOM at different time points (average range: 57.17-57.47 μV) in the healthy rhesus monkeys (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in threshold voltages of OOM induced by bilateral OOM at different time points(average range: 55.38-55.99 μV) in the healthy rhesus monkeys(P>0.05). There were significant differences in the absolute values of EMG amplitudes of OOM between the three lip movement modes: (30.67±8.72) μV in quiet and natural continuous lip closure (475.12±54.72) μV in natural lip contraction, and (921.22±312.79) μV in the induced persistent lip closure, with t values of -8.48, -9.35 and -5.01 respectively, all P<0.001. Conclusions: The EMG signals of OOM show different characteristics under different muscle movement conditions, which can be used as a basis for computer to judge and recognize the movement conditions of OOM. The upper limits of the EMG threshold voltage values of OOM under different motion states are 55-60 μV.

Analysis of 53 cases of transjugular liver biopsy / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the practicability and safety of transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB). Methods: Data of 53 cases with transjugular liver biopsy from June 2015 to June 2020 were collected. LABS-100 was used in all patients who underwent transjugular liver biopsy. Among them, 45 cases and eight were biopsied via hepatic vein and intrahepatic segment of the inferior vena cava. The surgical indications, related complications, and postoperative pathological diagnosis were analyzed and summarized. Results: TJLB was successful in all patients, with an average of 2.8 punctures per case. Satisfactory liver tissue and histopathological diagnosis was obtained in all patients. Two cases developed a cervical hematoma that was improved spontaneously, and one patient developed an intrahepatic hematoma that was improved after conservative treatment. Conclusion: TJLB is a practical and safe method for patients with contraindications to percutaneous liver biopsy.

Regulation of Naoxin'an Capsule on Glial Cell Activation and Inflammatory Response in Rats with Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-induced Vascular Cognitive Impairment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of Naoxin'an capsule （NC） against glial cell activation and inflammatory damage in brain of rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced vascular cognitive impairment （VCI）. Method:One hundred and fifty rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group （<italic>n</italic>=20） and a modeling group （<italic>n</italic>=130）. Following the modeling with the two vessels occlusion （2-VO） technique， 87 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group， positive drug group （aricept， 0.5 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （0.18， 0.36， 0.72 g·kg^-1） NC groups， with 17-18 rats in each group. After intragastric administration of NC for eight weeks， the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test were conducted to detect the effects of NC on learning and memory ability of VCI rats. Changes in neuronal structure of rat hippocampal CA1 area were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase （TdT）-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） staining. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）， ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 （Iba-1）， phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK）， and phosphorylated nuclear factor <italic>κ</italic>B （NF-<italic>κ</italic>B）， followed by the measurement of interleukin-1<italic>β</italic> （IL-1<italic>β</italic>） and tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>） in the brain by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Result:Compared with the sham operation group， the model group displayed obviously decreased spatial learning and memory ability and memory retention ability （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， neuronal damage in hippocampal CA1 area， enhanced neuronal apoptosis （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， up-regulated GFAP and Iba-1 （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， elevated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and NF-<italic>κ</italic>B （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and increased IL-1<italic>β</italic> and TNF-<italic>α</italic> （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， NC at each dose significantly improved the spatial learning and memory ability and memory retention ability of VCI rats （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， ameliorated the neuronal damage in hippocampus CA1 area， reduced the apoptosis rate of nerve cells （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， down-regulated the expression of GFAP and Iba-1 （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and NF-<italic>κ</italic>B （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， and lowered TNF-<italic>α</italic> and IL-1<italic>β</italic> levels （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:NC alleviates the inflammatory damage of the central nervous system caused by activated p38 MAPK and NF-<italic>κ</italic>B and improves chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced VCI in rats by inhibiting the activation of microglia and astrocytes.

Epidemiological investigation of allergic rhinitis in central cities and countrysides of Inner Mongolia region / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) in 3 central cities (Chifeng, Hohhot, Ordos) and the surrounding rural areas of Inner Mongolia region, and to look for possible risk factors related to the disease. Methods: From March to October of 2019, a multi-stage stratified random sampling epidemiological survey was conducted in Chifeng, Hohhot, Ordos and rural areas. The AR-related factors of the population were obtained in the form of face-to-face questionnaire survey, and the skin prick test (SPT) was taken for the participants. AR disease was diagnosed according to the "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis (2015, Tianjin)". The daily airborne pollen situation in the three regions was monitored during the same period. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze all survey results. Results: A total of 6 818 questionnaires were recovered, with 6 393 valid questionnaires. The self-reported prevalence of AR was 27.72% (1 772/6 393) and the confirmed prevalence of AR was 17.10% (1 093/6 393). The prevalence of perennial AR was 1.83% (117/6 393) while the prevalence of seasonal AR was 15.27% (976/6 393). The prevalence of AR diagnosed in females was higher than that in males (19.19% vs 15.34%, χ²=16.594, P<0.001) and the prevalence of females in the two age groups of 36-45 years and 46-55 years was significantly higher than that of males (18.17% vs 9.73%, 14.13% vs 7.25%, χ2 value was 23.848, 18.772, respectively, all P<0.001). The prevalence of confirmed diagnoses in ethnic minorities was higher than that of Han nationality, and the prevalence of confirmed diagnoses in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (23.13% vs 16.20%, 27.27% vs 9.71%, χ2 value was 24.516, 336.024, respectively, all P<0.001). The main nasal symptoms of AR patients were sneezing (91.31%), nasal congestion (85.91%) and nasal itching (85.00%). The most common concomitant disease of AR was allergic conjunctivitis (73.99%). Asthma (OR=6.629), food allergy (OR=3.236), drug allergy (OR=1.786), application of antibiotics (OR=1.553), recent home decoration (OR=2.307), and smoking (OR=1.322) were the AR related risk factors. The highest proportion of SPT positive reactions was Artemisia annua (80.15%). The peak period of clinical symptoms of AR patients in Inner Mongolia region was July to September, which was consistent with the second peak period of airborne pollen monitoring. Conclusions: The prevalence of AR in central cities and the surrounding rural areas of Inner Mongolia region is 17.10%, and Artemisia species is the most important pollen allergen in this area. History of asthma, food allergy, drug allergy, antibiotic use, home decoration and smoking history are the related risk factors for AR.

Advances in intramyocardial hemorrhage of perfused acute myocardial infarction by cardiovascular magnetic resonance / 解放军医学杂志

The mortality of the patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is greatly decreased by prompt revascularization. However, a substantial proportion of patients with AMI suffer from dysfunction of myocardial reperfusion, which affects long-term prognosis. Severe microvascular injury can cause intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH), manifested as capillary endothelial cell connection damage and extravasation of erythrocytes. IMH further aggravates myocardial damage, enlarging myocardial infarct size, and provides incremental information to left ventricular remodeling and long-term major cardiovascular events. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can achieve in vivo evaluation of IMH, using the paramagnetic effects of iron containing metabolites produced by erythrocyte lysis. This review aims to introduce the advances in IMH by cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

Effects of sodium selenite on motor function and antioxidant capacity of substantia nigra in rats with Parkinson's disease / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of sodium selenite on the motor function and antioxidant capacity of substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease (PD) rats.Methods:A total of 48 male SD rats with 0 score in pole test were selected, 8 of which were used as control group (group I) and the remaining 40 rats were intraperitoneally injected with MPTP for 7 days to establish the PD model.The 24 PD rats with successful modeling were selected out by behavioral analysis, and randomly divided into MPTP group (group Ⅱ), MPTP+ 0.05 mg/kg Se group (group Ⅲ), MPTP+ 0.1 mg/kg Se group (group Ⅳ), with 8 rats in each group.After 30 days of gavage, the behaviors of lipid peroxides in the substantia nigra, the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, pathological changes in the substantia nigra.The number of TH + cells and TH mRNA levels in each group were analyzed. Results:Compared with group Ⅰ, the number of crossing of group II was significantly decreased((95.40±14.66), (6.11±4.17), P<0.05), and rearing was significantly decreased and the score of pole test was significantly increased ( P<0.05). MDA content was significantly increased((4.02±0.62), (12.75±1.59), P<0.05). The activity of SOD and GSH-Px decreased significantly( P<0.05). The number of neurons in nigra decreased, the number of TH + cells and the expression level of TH mRNA decreased significantly( P<0.05). Compared with group II, group III and group IV showed a significant increase in open field test((88.80±24.61), (38.86±19.77), P<0.05), and a significant decrease in pole test scores ( P<0.05). MDA content in group Ⅲ was significantly reduced ( P<0.05). SOD and GSH-Px activity increased significantly ( P<0.05). The nerve cells in the substantia nigra region had complete structure and orderly arrangement, and the number of TH + cells and the expression level of TH mRNA were significantly increased ( P<0.05). There was no difference in MDA content in group.SOD and GSH-Px activity increased, but the difference was not significant.The number of TH + cells increased, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion:It suggests that 0.05 mg/kg of sodium selenite can significantly improve the motor function of PD rats and enhance the antioxidant capacity of substantia nigra, so as to protect neurons in the substantia nigra.

Research progress in mineral Chinese medicine realgar / 中国中药杂志

Realgar is a mineral traditional medicine with definite efficacy. The function of realgar is detoxicating, insecticiding, eliminating dampness and phlegm, etc. It is widely applied in clinical practice by compatibility medicines. However, the safety and scientificalness of clinical application are questioned because of the toxic effect caused by arsenic compounds. At present, there are still many problems in the research of realgar, which are mainly manifested in three areas: the expression of main components and effective substances are inconsistent; the anti-tumor mechanism is difficult to explain at the molecular level; the mechanism of compatibility is not clear. As a result, realgar and realgar-containing Chinese patent medicines are frequently prohibited from entering the international market, and the reputation of traditional Chinese medicine is also damaged. This paper would analyze the research status of realgar at home and abroad as well as its problems from its main components, effective substances, anti-tumor mechanism and compatibility mechanism. In view of these difficulties, quantum chemical calculation method is proposed to solve them, so as to make up for the shortcomings and limitations of experimental technology and experimental conditions, reduce the cost of realgar research and improve research efficiency. Moreover, it provides inspiration for research of other mineral medicine.

Involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatotoxicity induced by Ageratina adenophora in mice / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Ageratina adenophora is a noxious plant and it is known to cause acute asthma, diarrhea, depilation, and even death in livestock (Zhu et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2017). A. adenophora grows near roadsides and degraded land worldwide (He et al., 2015b). In the areas where it grows, A. adenophora is an invasive species that inhibits the growth of local plants and causes poisoning in animals that come in contact with it (Nie et al., 2012). In China, these plants can be found in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, and other southwestern areas (He et al., 2015a) and they have become a dominant species in these local regions. It threatens the native biodiversity and ecosystem in the invaded areas and causes serious economic losses (Wang et al., 2017). It has been reported that A. adenophora can grow in the northeast direction at a speed of 20 km per year in China (Guo et al., 2009). Because of the damage caused by A. adenophora, it ranks among the earliest alien invasive plant species in China (Wang et al., 2017).

Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of Mosla chinensis based on integration processing technology of origin / 中草药

Objective To compare the effect of integration processing technology of origin with traditional cutting processing technology of Mosla chinensis on pyretic rats caused by LPS and inflammatory RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS, and provide the feasible basis for the implementation of integration processing technology of origin and traditional efficacy of the relieving exterior effects of M. chinensis. Methods The rats were intervened by M. chinensis (volatile oil, decoction), and the model of heat syndrome was established by ip of LPS. The temperature changes of the fever rats were observed. The levels of serum prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), adenosine cyclic phosphate (cAMP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in liver tissue were detected. The effects of integration processing of origin and traditional cutting processing of M. chinensis on heat syndrome rats were compared. The cell viability of LPS stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages cells after administration of different concentration of M. chinensis (decoction and volatile oil) was detected, and the NO secretion was determinated by ELISA for comparing the anti-inflammatory effect of two processing methods. Results The treatment of processed M. chinensis can decrease the anus temperature and the content of PGE2, TNF-α, CAMP, IL-1β, MPO, and enhance cellular immunity. Moreover the efficacy of integration processing of origin is better than traditional cutting processing, and the efficacy of M. chinensis decoction is better than volatile oil. Conclusion The integration processing technology of origin for M. chinensis is feasible.

Prevalence and influencing factors of main chronic diseases among urban residents in Liaoning Province / 预防医学

Objective To investigate the prevalence of main chronic diseases and explore its influencing factors among urban residents in Liaoning Province. Methods Using multistage stratified and cluster random sampling method, 30 953 urban residents of 14 districts were investigated with a standard questionnaire and physical examination. The logistic regression was applied to explore the influencing factors of main chronic diseases. Results The prevalence rate of chronic diseases was 39.25% and the standardized prevalence rate was 32.29%. The top three chronic diseases were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, and the standardized prevalence rates were 21.13%, 9.48% and 5.25%. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the three chronic diseases shared older age(OR: 1.266-7.325)and overweight or obesity(OR:1.107-2.982)as the risk factors .In addition, there existed certain interactions among hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia(OR: 2.424-3.121). Conclusion Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia which shared older age, overweight and obesity as the risk factors are the main chronic diseases to damage the health of urban residents in Liaoning. The corresponding prevention and treatment strategies should be taken based on the key groups and related influencing factors.

Comparison of integration processing technology of origin and traditional cutting processing technology of Moslae Herba for lung-Yang deficiency rats / 中国中药杂志

To compare the effect of integration processing technology of origin (IPTO) and traditional cutting processing technology (TCPT) of Moslae Herba for lung-Yang deficiency rats caused by complex factors, analyze the mechanism, and provide the modern pharmacology basis for the implementation of IPTO of Moslae Herba. The rat models of lung-Yang deficiency were established by smoking + swimming in ice water + drinking ice water. The model rats were randomly divided into different groups, and were treated with intragastric administration for 30 d. Then the general signs, anal temperature and autonomic activity of the rats were observed. The pathological morphology of lung tissues was observed, and the positive expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) was observed by immunohistochemical method, and the hematological indexes were determined. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect serum nitric oxide (NO), immunoglobulin G (IGG), malondialdehyde (MDA), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) level, and the organ coefficients of heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and other organs were calculated. According to the results, Moslae Herba volatile oil and decoction could improve the general signs and autonomic activities of lung-Yang deficiency rats, improve the body weight, rectal temperature, and the content of IGG in serum of lung-Yang deficiency rats, reduce organ coefficients of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, serum NO, MDA, TXB2, IL-8 contents, white blood cell and TNF-α mean optical density in the lung tissues of rats. witg statistically significant difference (<0.01 or <0.05). The effects of IPTO volatile oil and water decoction were slightly higher. Therefore, Moslae Herba has therapeutic effect on lung-Yang deficiency rats, and ICPT has better effect, whose mechanism may be related to the intervention of TNF-α expression, improving the level of IGG, and inhibiting NO, MDA, IL-8, and TXB2 levels.

Analysis of current status of mouse euthanasia methods based on the publications in China(2015-2016) / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To investigate the current status of mouse euthanasia methods in China,and to provide the reference and basis for the administrative authorities of laboratory animal management to master the implementation of"euthanasia"and formulate related policies. Methods Research papers containing the terms of"mouse"and"execution"in Chinese characters during the period from 2015 to 2016 were searched in Wanfang database,and statistical analysis was performed with the articles meeting the searching criteria. Results A total of 890 research articles met the searching criteria,of which 351 articles clearly described the killing method, accounting for only 39.44%. The mouse-killing methods included cervical dislocation, decapitation, exsanguination and sampling after anesthesia, excessive anesthesia,abdominal aorta bleeding and carbon dioxide asphyxiation, among them cervical dislocation accounted for the highest rate,75.78%. Conclusions The current implementation of mouse euthanasia methods in our country has been far from optimistic. The mouse euthanasis methods have often been ignored in scientific articles and the description of the methods is not standardized. In order to promote the effective implementation of the regulations related to mouse euthanasia,it is needed to promote the study of related techniques and to strengthen personnel training.

Effect of microRNA-7 knockdown on ConA-induced acute liver injury in mice / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To study the effect of microRNA-7 (miR-7) knockdown (KD) on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice.METHODS:Wild type (WT) mice and miR-7KD mice were received ConA (30 mg/kg) to induced acute liver injury model by intraperitoneal injection,and the morphological changes,liver weight and weight index were measured 48 h later.The pathological changes of the liver tissues were observed by HE staining.The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT),IL-4 and IFN-γ were detected by ELISA.The proportional changes of CD4 + T cells and the relative levels of IL-4 and IFN-γwere analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS:The color of the liver tissue became lighter,and the weight and weight index were changed significantly in miR-7KD mice compared with control group (P ＜ 0.05).HE staining showed that the inflammatory cell infiltration was increased in the liver of miR-7KD mice.Moreover,the level of serum ALT was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).The serum level of IFN-γelevated significantly (P ＜ 0.01),while the IL-4 levels decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01) in the serum of miR-7KD mice.Furthermore,the proportion of CD4 + T cells and relative IFN-γcells increased obviously (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION:miR-7 knockdown promotes the pathogenesis of the ConA-induced acute liver injury in mice.

Effect of microRNA-7 knockdown on ConA-induced acute liver injury in mice / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To study the effect of microRNA-7 (miR-7) knockdown (KD) on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice.METHODS:Wild type (WT) mice and miR-7KD mice were received ConA (30 mg/kg) to induced acute liver injury model by intraperitoneal injection,and the morphological changes,liver weight and weight index were measured 48 h later.The pathological changes of the liver tissues were observed by HE staining.The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT),IL-4 and IFN-γ were detected by ELISA.The proportional changes of CD4 + T cells and the relative levels of IL-4 and IFN-γwere analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS:The color of the liver tissue became lighter,and the weight and weight index were changed significantly in miR-7KD mice compared with control group (P ＜ 0.05).HE staining showed that the inflammatory cell infiltration was increased in the liver of miR-7KD mice.Moreover,the level of serum ALT was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).The serum level of IFN-γelevated significantly (P ＜ 0.01),while the IL-4 levels decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01) in the serum of miR-7KD mice.Furthermore,the proportion of CD4 + T cells and relative IFN-γcells increased obviously (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION:miR-7 knockdown promotes the pathogenesis of the ConA-induced acute liver injury in mice.

Isolation and identification of rhizobacteria RS-3 from Panax ginseng and evaluation of its antagonistic activity / 中国中药杂志

A rhizobacteria strain named RS-3 exhibited inhibitory activity against all five Panax ginseng pathogens was isolated from the root of P. ginseng. This strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on its morphological character and 16S rDNA sequence. Antagonistic activity experiments indicated that the strain could strongly suppress Botrytis cinerea Pers with an inhibitory rate of 54.4%, suggesting the potentialities of biocontrol agent against diseases that frequently happen on ginseng.

Pharmacological activity of Terminalia chebula / 中国中药杂志

Terminalia chebula Retz, known as the "king" of Mongolian and Tibetan medicines, is a drug for a wide range of diseases. The main chemical components of myrobalan include triterpene acid, galloyl glucose, anthraquinonoid. The modern pharmacological studies show that myrobalan has multiple biological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidation as well as anti-tumor. Based on domestic and foreign literatures in recent years, this paper gave a review on the advance of studies for pharmacological activity of T. chebula. and its active components, so as to provide a reference for the in-depth studies on the pharmacological action of myrobalan, and the further development and utilization of myrobalan.

Advance in studying early bolting of Umbelliferae medicinal plant / 中国中药杂志

The early bolting has become one of the key issues affecting the Umbelliferae herbs production. The early bolting does not only reduce herbs production but also affect the active ingredients of plants. The concept of early bolting, physiological theory, induce factors of the quality of medicine and, control technology about the early bolting of Umbelliferae are integrative reviewed in the paper. Its occurrence mechanism include: genetic factors, environmental and ecological factors, endogenous hormones, sowing, fertilizer and other production management measures. For the above occurring mechanism, the proposed prevention measures are as follows: preferably germplasm, sowing, rational fertilization, exogenous hormones, shading, reed head cut off, cut fall the leaves, reasonable planting density and other agronomic measures can reduce its bolting rate. And the early bolting problem focused for future research are mentioned, including: development of authentic ingredients cultivation technical specifications, screened early bolting hormone inhibitor, in-depth study of the mechanism of early bolting, reveal its early bolting gene and key ecological factors. The research of vernalization gene, gene regulation of flowering early bolting will solve the problem of quality and production reducing fundamentally caused by the early bolting.

Effects of environmental stress on the depression-like behaviors and the diurnal rhythm of corticosterone and melatonin in male rats / 生理学报

Environmental stress (ES) is commonly used in producing chronic unpredictable mild stress to study pathogenesis of depression, including the regulatory role of circadian system on depression. However, the direct effect of ES on the circadian system has been rarely explored. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of ES on depression-like behaviors and diurnal rhythm of plasma hormone/peptide levels in male rats. Rats were allocated into control group (CON group), low frequency ES group (LF group) and high frequency ES group (HF group). Sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), weight gain, food and water intake were conducted to assess depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. A total of 7 times of the tail venous blood was collected with an interval of 4 h during 24 h from other rats who subjected to the same procedures of ES but not the behavioral tests. The alterations of diurnal rhythm of peripheral plasma corticosterone (CORT) and melatonin, and changes of the cholecystokinin (CCK), neuropeptide Y and leptin levels at zeitgeber time (ZT) 0 were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that ES led to a disturbance of diurnal rhythm of CORT and melatonin in the plasma. Besides, it also increased plasma leptin level and decreased body weight gain, but it did not produce depression- and anxiety-like behaviors compared with those rats in the control group. In short, our findings indicated that the ES could induce a disturbance of diurnal rhythm of plasma CORT and melatonin in male rats.

Multi-slice computed tomography for diagnosis of combined thoracoabdominal injury / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>To investigate the diagnostic value of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) for combined thoracoabdominal injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data and MSCT images of 68 patients who sustained a combined thoracoabdominal injury associated with diaphragm rupture, and 18 patients without diaphragm rupture. All the patients were admitted and treated in the Chongqing Emergency Medical Center (a level I trauma center) between July 2005 and February 2014. There were 71 males and 15 females with a mean age of 39.1 years (range 13e88 years). Among the 86 patients, 40 patients suffered a penetrating injury, 46 suffered a blunt injury as a result of road traffic accident in 21 cases, fall from a height in 16, and crushing injury in 9. The MSCT images were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists. The results of CT diagnosis were compared with surgical findings and/or follow-up results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 86 cases, diaphragm discontinuity was found in 29 cases, segmental nonrecognition of the diaphragm in 14, diaphragmatic hernia in 21, collar sign in 14, dependent viscera sign in 18, elevated abdominal organs in 21, bowel wall thickening and/or hematoma in 6, and pneumoperitoneum in 8. CT diagnostic accuracy for diaphragm rupture was 88.4% in the right side and 90.7% in the left side. CT diagnostic accuracy for hemopneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, mediastinal hemorrhage, kidney and adrenal gland injuries was 100%, while for liver, spleen and pancreas injuries was 96.5%, 96.5%, 94.2% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>To reach an early diagnosis of combined thoracoabdominal injury, surgeons and radiologists should be familiar with all kinds of images which might show signs of diaphragm rupture, such as diaphragm discontinuity, segmental nonrecognition of the diaphragm, dangling diaphragm sign, diaphragm herniation, collar sign, dependent viscera sign, and elevated abdominal organs.</p>

Sacrococcygeal gap injection for the treatment of failed back surgery syndrome / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical effect of the sacrococcygeal space injection for the treatment of failed back surgery syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 1998 to October 2012,47 patients with failed back surgery syndrome were treated and included 39 males and 8 females with an average age of 61.5 years old ranging from 35 to 89 years old. Among them,41 patients experienced one time of operation, 6 patients with twice of operation. Forty-one patients underwent single,bilateral fenestration or central laminectomy decompression, discectomy. Six patients underwent total laminectomy discectomy and inter body fusion and pedicle screw fixation. All patients were examined by X-ray plain film, CT or MRI before treatment. The anticoagulation was discontinuation before treatment. The needle was put into the sacrococcygeal gap at prone position in the sense of frustration,suction without cerebrospinal fluid and blood,with injection of Mailuoning (Chinese characters: see text) 15 ml. The pain was assessed by VAS before and after treatment. The Oswestry low back pain disability index and survival quality interference degree were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 1 month after treatment,the pain VAS decreased from 59.24 +/- 17.35 before treatment to 19.19 +/- 11.19 after treatment (P < 0.05); The Oswestry low back pain disability index decreased from (41.35 +/- 9.87)% before treatment to (23.17 +/- 17.56)% after treatment (P < 0.05); The survival quality interference degree decreased from 6.5 +/- 2.2 before treatment to 2.6 +/- 1.4 after treatment (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The sacrococcygeal gap injection for treatment of failed back surgery syndrome has advantages of simple, safe, fewer complications, and low treatment cost.</p>