ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to follow-up the frailty of the old who received home health care by Registered Nurse in Public Health Center over 8 years.METHODS: We used the second wave data which was a comprehensive longitudinal data set, Public Health Information System of a public health center located in Seoul from 2010 to 2018. For statistical analysis, a mixed model of repeated measures by R program was used.RESULTS: Frailty (range: 0~31) was getting worse significantly from 5.38 on registration to 6.54 on 4th year, 7.40 on 7th year, 7.69 on 8th year with adjustment for age, sex, economic status, the number of family, and the number diseases. The coefficient of parameters with frailty change was serviced year (β=0.29, p < .001), age (70~79 to 60~69; β=0.98, p=.018) and sex (female to male; β=2.55, p < .001).CONCLUSION: This study showed that the home visiting health service needs to take attention to aged 70s and over, female. The home health care of public health center need to be extended more practical and effective services in terms of ‘community care’ and ‘ageing in place’.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the extent and aspect of stress to the cortical bone after application of a lateral force to a two-component orthodontic mini-implant (OMI, mini-implant) by using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). METHODS: The 3D-finite element models consisted of the maxilla, maxillary first molars, second premolars, and OMIs. The screw part of the OMI had a diameter of 1.8 mm and length of 8.5 mm and was placed between the roots of the upper second premolar and the first molar. The cortical bone thickness was set to 1 mm. The head part of the OMI was available in 3 sizes: 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm. After a 2 N lateral force was applied to the center of the head part, the stress distribution and magnitude were analyzed using FEA. RESULTS: When the head part of the OMI was friction fitted (tapped into place) into the inserted screw part, the stress was uniformly distributed over the surface where the head part was inserted. The extent of the minimum principal stress suggested that the length of the head part was proportionate with the amount of stress to the cortical bone; the stress varied between 10.84 and 15.33 MPa. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the stress level at the cortical bone around the OMI does not have a detrimental influence on physiologic bone remodeling.