Comparison of lung cancer mortality between rural and urban areas in the mainland of China from 2004 to 2018 / 上海预防医学

Objective:To analyze the trend of mortality from lung cancer in urban and rural areas of Chinese mainland from 2004 to 2018. Methods:Cancer cases from 2004 to 2018 coded as C33-C34 according to the International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision （ICD-10） were collected from the Chinese national mortality surveillance system. The crude mortality rate （CMR）， age-standardized mortality （ASMR） and annual percentage change （APC） were calculated to analyze the mortality trend of lung cancer in rural and urban areas. Results:From 2004 to 2018， the CMR of lung cancer was 41.11/105， and the ASMR was 27.91/105， with no significant tendency of upward or downward. The CMR of lung cancer in urban areas was 46.03/105， and the ASMR was 30.33/105， with an APC of -0.82%. The CMR of lung cancer in rural areas was 38.54/105， and the ASMR was 26.66/105， with an APC of 1.73%. The difference between urban and rural CMR was significant. The CMR of lung cancer in urban eastern， central and western areas were 50.27/105， 44.59/105 and 40.64/105， respectively. The APC of eastern and central urban areas were -1.05% and -1.08%， respectively. The CMR of lung cancer in rural eastern， central and western areas were 45.82/105， 38.26/105 and 28.90/105， respectively， with an increasing trend. The CMR of lung cancer was significantly different between urban and rural areas of eastern， central and western areas of China. The CMR of lung cancer in urban males and females were 63.17/105 and 28.42/105， respectively. The CMR of lung cancer in rural males and females were 52.83/105 and 23.62/105， respectively. The ASMR of lung cancer in rural men and women increased by 1.18% and 1.09%， respectively. The ASMR of lung cancer in urban men and women decreased by 0.61% and 1.35%， respectively. The CMR of lung cancer between males and females in urban and rural was significantly different. The CMR rate of lung cancer increased with age， with the peak in the age group above 60 years old. The ASMR rate of lung cancer showed a decreasing trend in the group under 60 years old in both urban and rural areas. While in rural areas， the ASMR of lung cancer showed an increasing trend in the group over 60 years old. There were significant variations in lung cancer CMR between rural and urban areas in groups aged 0-19， 40-59， and over 60 years. Conclusion:The CMR of lung cancer in China is different between urban and rural areas from 2004 to 2018， which may be affected by smoking， ageing， industrialization and gender. Identifying high-risk populations， especially those in rural areas and providing early intervention can help to reduce the mortality rate of lung cancer.

Mortality analysis of primary liver cancer in the mainland of China from 2004 to 2018 / 上海预防医学

Objective:To determine the mortality and changing trend of primary liver cancer by using the death data of Chinese mainland from 2004 to 2018. Methods:The death certificate data was collected from China National Mortality Surveillance System from 2004 to 2018. The crude mortality rate（CMR）and age-standardized mortality rate（ASMR）of primary liver cancer in different ages， regions and living environments were calculated by Joinpoint regression model to analyze the basic situation and mortality trend. Results:From 2004 to 2018， there were 556 241 primary liver cancer deaths in China， with a CMR of 25.18/105 and an ASMR of 17.98/105. It suggested that the mortality of primary liver cancer was on a decreasing trend. During the 15 years， the ASMR of primary liver cancer was 15.56/105 in urban areas and 19.29/105 in rural areas. In urban areas， CMR was 32.89/105 in males and 12.14/105 in females， respectively； while in rural areas， CMR was 38.39/105 in males and 14.02/105 in females， respectively. The CMR in eastern， central and western urban regions was 22.25/105， 22.66/105 and 23.50/105， respectively. The CMR in the rural areas of these three regions was 27.82/105， 26.98/105 and 23.85/105， respectively. The patients were divided into four age groups： 0-19 years old， 20-39 years old， 40-59 years old， and more than 60 years old. The CMR of four groups in urban areas was 0.14/105， 2.59/105， 24.51/105 and 91.80/105. In rural areas， the CMR of four groups was 0.17/105， 4.05/105， 32.16/105 and 103.02/105. Conclusion:From 2004 to 2018， the mortality rate of liver cancer in China has a decreasing trend. However， the primary liver cancer death burden is still serious because of the large population base， severe aging population problem， and significant urban-rural and male-female disparities in China.

Association of Ureaplasma urealyticum with the types of antisperm antibody in infertile men / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection in infertile men, its influence on routine semen parameters and the distribution of antisperm antibody (AsAb) and its types in infertile patients with UU infection.@*METHODS@#We detected the positive rate of UU infection, semen parameters, and the distribution of AsAb and its types in 662 infertile men and 25 normal fertile male controls followed by comparison of the obtained data between the two groups of subjects.@*RESULTS@#The positive rate of UU infection was significantly higher in the infertile men than in the normal controls (52.87% ［350/662］ vs 16.00% ［4/25］, χ2 = 11.68, P 0.05) and AsAb IgA, IgM and IgG in the seminal plasma, or in the percentages of serum AsAb IgM (16.9% vs 20.5%, χ2 = 1.22, P >0.05) and IgG (32.7% vs 28.9%, χ2 = 0.99, P >0.05) except in that of serum AsAb IgA (23.6% vs 17.0%, χ2 = 4.03, P <0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The UU infection rate is high in infertile males, which decreases the semen volume, total sperm count, motile sperm concentration and percentage of progressively motile sperm and increases the positive rate of serum AsAb IgA.

Habitat areas extracting of Poria cocos in Anhui based on "3S" technologies / 中国中药杂志

"Adversity" is one primary element that impacts the pharmacology components of authentic Chinese herbal medicine. Knowledge about "adversity" is a precondition of yield estimation, quality monitoring, location selection and the geo-herbalism protection. Used 3S(GIS, RS and GPS) technology to combine multi-source key ecological factors of "Anling", and used parasitic relationships between organisms to extracting its suitable region for the first time. Results showed that the "Anling" were mainly distributed in Dabie coteau. Suitable area amount to 36.8 km², Yuexi, Shucheng, Jinzhai and Qianshan which account for about 93.55% of whole congenial region. The first three accounts for about 80.82%. It was Yuexi that account for 1/3 above especially. Field investigation verify accuracy of extraction about 91.67%, which has confirmed it is feasible that using the relationship between parasitic host and parasitic to extract native environment of parasitic traditional medicine based on 3S technology.

Smoking impairs endothelial function in ED patients / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine whether smoking affects the endothelial function of young ED patients with no cardiovascular disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study included 69 ED patients (21 smokers and 48 non-smokers) and 16 age-matched normal healthy controls. All underwent measurement of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and examinations of blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Brachial artery FMD was remarkably decreased in the ED patients, even more significantly in the smokers ([6.0 +/- 0.8]%) than in the non-smokers ([9.7 +/- 2.5]%) (P < 0.05), as compared with that in the normal healthy controls ([14.0 +/- 2. 5]%, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Endothelial function is impaired in ED patients, and is further damaged by smoking.</p>

Enhanced external counterpulsation promotes growth cytokines-mediated myocardial angiogenesis in a porcine model of hypercholesterolemia / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) improves ischemia in patients with refractory angina pectoris, but the mechanism remains unclear. To explore the mechanisms of EECP action, we detected progenitor cells presenting any of the following markers CD34(+), CD29(+), and CD106(+).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Growth cytokines-mediated progenitor cell mobilization and associated angiogenesis potential were assessed in a porcine model of hypercholesterolemia. Twenty-four male domestic swines were randomly assigned to 4 groups: normal diet (control, n = 6), hypercholesterolemic diet (CHOL, n = 6), hypercholesterolemic diet with administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) (rhG-CSF, n = 6), and hypercholesterolemic diet with EECP treatment (EECP, n = 6). EECP was applied 2 hours every other day for a total of 36 hours. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), peripheral blood progenitor cell counts, level of regional angiogenesis, and expression of VEGF and stromal cell derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1alpha) in porcine myocardium were assessed, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A porcine model of hypercholesterolemia-induced arteriosclerosis was successfully established. There was no significant difference in serum levels of VEGF among the four groups. The serum levels of G-CSF in the EECP group increased significantly at week 15 and week 18 ((38.3 +/- 5.6) pg/ml at week 15 vs (26.2 +/- 3.7) pg/ml at week 12, P < 0.05, and (46.9 +/- 6.1) pg/ml at week 18 vs (26.2 +/- 3.7) pg/ml at week 12, P < 0.01). The serum levels of G-CSF in group 3 increased also significantly after receiving rhG-CSF injection for five days ((150 +/- 13.9) pg/ml at week 18 vs (24.8 +/- 5.4) pg/ml at week 12, P < 0.01). Compared to other groups and other time points, progenitor cell counts increased significantly after 2-hour EECP treatment (108 +/- 13 vs 26 +/- 6 per 10(5) leukocytes, P < 0.01), but not at week 18. The progenitor cell counts also increased significantly after subcutaneous injection of rhG-CSF for five days compared to the week 12 (baseline) (180 +/- 21 vs 25 +/- 7 per 10(5) leukocytes, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference among the four groups at other time points. Moreover, the expression of VEGF and SDF-1alpha and the level of regional angiogenesis in myocardium increased significantly in both EECP and rhG-CSF groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results demonstrated that EECP could facilitate angiogenesis in the myocardium of atherosclerotic swines by increasing endogenous G-CSF, inducing an enhanced mobilization of progenitor cells and augmenting myocardial expression of VEGF and SDF-1alpha.</p>

Application of principal component-radial basis function neural networks (PC-RBFNN) for the detection of water-adulterated bayberry juice by near-infrared spectroscopy / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics techniques was used to classify the pure bayberry juice and the one adulterated with 10% (w/w) and 20% (w/w) water. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce the dimensions of spectral data, give information regarding a potential capability of separation of objects, and provide principal component (PC) scores for radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN). RBFNN was used to detect bayberry juice adulterant. Multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and standard normal variate (SNV) transformation were used to preprocess spectra. The results demonstrate that PC-RBFNN with optimum parameters can separate pure bayberry juice samples from water-adulterated bayberry at a recognition rate of 97.62%, but cannot clearly detect water levels in the adulterated bayberry juice. We conclude that NIR technology can be successfully applied to detect water-adulterated bayberry juice.

Increased brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is associated with impaired endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Pulse wave velocity and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) are widely used as noninvasive modalities for evaluating atherosclerosis. However, it is not known whether pulse wave velocity is related to FMD in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the alteration in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and endothelial function in CAD patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-three patients with CAD and thirty control subjects were recruited for this study. baPWV was measured non-invasively using a VP 1000 automated PWV/ABI analyzer (PWV/ABI, Colin Co. Ltd., Komaki, Japan). Endothelial function as reflected by FMD in the brachial artery was assessed with a high-resolution ultrasound device.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>baPWV was increased in CAD patients compared with control subjects [(1756.1 +/- 253.1) cm/s vs (1495.3 +/- 202.3) cm/s, P < 0.01]. FMD was significantly reduced in CAD patients compared with control subjects [(5.2 +/- 2.1)% vs (11.1 +/- 4.4)%, P < 0.01]. baPWV correlated with FMD (r = -0.68, P < 0.001). The endothelium-independent vasodilation induced by sublingual nitroglycerin in the brachial artery was similar in the CAD group compared with the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CAD is associated with increased baPWV and endothelial dysfunction. Increased baPWV parallels diminished endothelial function. Our data therefore suggest that baPWV can be used as a noninvasive surrogate index in clinical evaluation of endothelial function.</p>

Use of fluorometry for determination of skim milk powder adulteration in fresh milk / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

A FAST (fluorescence of advanced Maillard products and Soluble Tryptophan) method for identification of reconstituted milk made from skim milk powder in the fresh milk was developed. Considering milk and skim milk powders variations from different seasons and countries, milk was collected from different dairy farms in different seasons and skim milk powders were collected from different countries to measure the Tryptophan (Trp), advanced Maillard products (AMP) fluorescence values. The results showed that there were differences (P<0.01) between raw and reconstituted milk. The plot of values in each mixed level of raw and reconstituted milk had a correlation coefficient >0.97. The FAST method is a simple, rapid, low-cost and sensitive method enabling the detection of 5% reconstituted milk in fresh milk. The measurement of the Trp, AMP fluorescence values and calculation of the FAST index is a suitable method for large-scale monitoring of fresh milk samples.

Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and arterial elasticity in patients with coronary artery disease / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the change in endothelium-dependent vasodilation and arterial elasticity and the association between them in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty patients with CAD and thirty control subjects were recruited for this study. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery was evaluated by ultrasound Doppler flow method. They also underwent a non-invasive assessment of C(1) large artery and C(2) small artery indices by using pulse wave analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>FMD was significantly reduced in CAD group compared with that in control group [(5.17 +/- 2.13)% vs (11.1 +/- 4.36)%, P < 0.05], C(1) large artery elasticity index was similar between the two groups [(11.59 +/- 4.56) ml/mm Hg x 10 vs (12.11 +/- 3.82) ml/mm Hg x 10, P > 0.05]. However, C(2) small artery elasticity index was significantly reduced in CAD group compared with that in control group [(4.20 +/- 1.80) ml/mm Hg x 100 vs (6.26 +/- 2.36) ml/mm Hg x 100, P < 0.05]. There was a positive association between reduced C(2) small artery elasticity index and impaired FMD (r = 0.53, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There were impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and reduced C(2) small artery elasticity index in the patients with CAD, which were closely correlated with each other. The present study suggested that the measurement of C(2) small artery elasticity might be used as a novel index for the determination of endothelial function.</p>

Change in endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial function in patients with unstable angina pectoris / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between endothelial progenitors cells (EPCs) and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with unstable angina pectoris.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and thirty control subjects were recruited. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery was evaluated by using ultrasound Doppler flow method. The number of circulating EPCs was analyzed by flow cytometry analysis. Total mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and then the cells were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes. CD34 antigen of adherent cells was identified by immunohistochemical assay. EPCs were characterized as adherent cells double positive for FITC-UEA-I binding and DiI-acLDL uptake by direct fluorescent staining under inverted fluorescent microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>FMD was significantly impaired in the UAP group compared with the control group (5.93% +/- 2.67% vs 11.1% +/- 4.36%, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in NMD between two groups (13.60% +/- 5.03% vs 14.18% +/- 4.50%, P > 0.05). The number of CD34(+) cells significantly increased in the UAP group compared with the control group (0.13% +/- 0.05% vs 0.09% +/- 0.04%, P < 0.05). There was a negative association between impaired FMD and increased CD34(+) cell (r = -0.385, P < 0.05). A positive antigen of CD34 of adhesion cells and double positive adhesion cells were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study shows that the levels of peripheral CD34(+) cells in patients with UAP increase with an impaired endothelial function. The increase in EPCs may be an important compensatory response to acute coronary ischemia and impaired endothelium in patients with UAP.</p>