Effect of serum vitamin A and E on children with recurrent respiratory tract infection based on propensity score matching / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To explore the association between vitamin A, E and recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) in children.Methods:1 853 children with RRTIs and 2 695 health children were separately selected as cases and controls. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis were conducted to reducing confounding bias between groups. Blood samples were collected to measure serum levels of vitamins A and E by high performance liquid chromatographie (HPLC). Paired logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios ( OR) and 95% confidence intervals ( CI) to evaluate the association of RRTIs with the serum levels of vitamin A and E. Results:After propensity score estimation and 1∶1 matching, the study cohort included 1 507 cases with RRTIs and 1 507 health children as controls. The main characteristics between the two groups were all not significantly different after matching ( P>0.05). The average levels of vitamin A in two groups were different ( P<0.05). Paired logistic regression analysis showed that greater serum levels of vitamin A had a lower risk of RRTIs ( OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.22-0.98), similarly, deficiency of vitamin A would also increase the risk of RRTIs ( OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.00-1.38). The statistical difference was not found between VitE and RRTIs ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The serum levels of vitamin E didn′t have a statistically significant association with RRTIs. However, we observed an obvious association between vitamin A and RRTIs. Hence vitamin A clinical monitoring and supplementation are vital for preventing and treating RRTIs.

Effects of ADRB2（rs1042713）Gene Polymorphism on Therapeutic Efficacy of Anticholinergic Drugs in the Treatment of Refractory Asthma Pediatric Patients / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of ADRB2 （rs1042713） gene polymorphism on therapeutic efficacy of anticholinergic drug in the treatment for refractory asthma pediatric patients. METHODS： 171 children with refractory asthma were selected from outpatient department of Kunming Children’s Hospital during Nov. 2016 to Jul. 2019. The distribution of ADRB2 （rs1042713） genotype， the clinical efficacy [asthma control test （C-ACT） score， FEV1， FVC， PEF， maximal mid-expiratory flow （MMEF）] of anticholinergic drug were analyzed statistically； the response of different genotypes to the use of anticholinergic drug were also analyzed statistically. RESULTS： 148 of 171 refractory asthmatics pediatric patients were administered anticholinergic drug， among them 50 of the 71 AA genotype and 36 of the 77 GA genotype responded to anticholinergic drug treatment. Statistical analysis showed that 71 children with AA refractory asthma had improved C-ACT score， FEV1， FVC， PEF and MMEF， there was statistical significance， compared with GA genotype （P＜0.05）； the response rate of the AA genotype to anticholinergic drugs was 2.71 times that of the GA genotype [OR＝2.71， 95％CI （1.38， 5.34）， P＝0.005]. CONCLUSIONS： The detection of ADRB2 （rs1042713） gene polymorphism has some guiding significance in the treatment of refractory asthma with anticholinergic drugs， and the response of AA genotype is better.

Study on the Quality Control Index System of Pharmaceutical Care in Medical Institutions Based on Delphi Method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for improving the level of pharmaceutical care in medical institution， and realizing the precision of pharmaceutical care. METHODS： A sampling survey of third grade class A hospitals in Guangxi was conducted on the basis of Guangxi Hospital Pharmaceutical Administration Quality Control Center. Based on the results of literature analysis and international standard， by using Delphi method， the expert consultation form was issued by E-mail and field investigation； the results of four rounds of expert consultation were analyzed and summarized. Pharmaceutical care quality control index system was established in medical institutions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： All experts （100％） agreed that pharmaceutical care in medical institutions was very important and required a quality control index system. Finally， 5 first-level indicators （including the construction of pharmaceutical care management organizational framework， rational drug use management， pharmaceutical care professional capacity management， pharmaceutical care monitoring management and characteristic pharmaceutical care management） and 26 second-level indicators were fitted according to results of expert consultation. Among first-level indicators， the indicators of “the construction of pharmaceutical care management organizational framework”， “rational drug use management” and “pharmaceutical care professional competence management” were generally considered as important quality control indicators by experts； the proportion of “very important” and “important” were 96.65％， 100％ and 100％. Among second- level indicators， the indicators of “organization construction”“system construction”“prescription drug use management”“hospitalization medical order review”“adverse drug reaction monitoring”“medicine knowledge”“clinical knowledge” were generally considered as important quality control indicators by experts； the proportion of “very important” and “important” were 95.65％， 95.65％， 100％， 95.66％， 96.65％， 100％ and 91.30％. The quality control index system of pharmaceutical care in medical institutions fitted by this research institute is authoritative. Now， 15 medical institutions in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region have been pilot implemented after audited and finalised by Guangxi  Hospital Pharmaceutical Administration Quality Control Center.

A high risk factors clinical study of low birth weight premature infants with wheezing / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the high risk factors for wheezing of low birth weight premature infants with wheezing.Methods A cohort study of 143 premature infants,whose gestation less than 37 weeks and birth weight less than 2 500 g,were collected from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Kunming Children's Hospital,from December 2012 to November 2013.Follow-up investigation was conducted,and those with wheezing were enrolled in the study.Many possible factors causing wheezing were analyzed,such as general conditions in the neonatal period,family conditions,and treatment.SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data.Single factor analysis was used by x2 test and rank sum test to evaluate the possible risk factors.Multiple factors analysis was made by Logistic regression analysis.P ＜ 0.05 was viewed as having statistical difference.Results (1) The risk factors for wheezing in the premature infants were:continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) noninvasive ventilation (x2 =8.531,P =0.003),ventilation (x2 =4.800,P =0.028),caesarean section (x2 =6.787,P =0.009),the use of pulmonary surfactant (x2 =5.455,P =0.020),using antibiotics used at hospital (x2 =5.192,P =0.023),father smoking(x2 =5.406,P =0.020),maternal smoking (x2 =8.531,P =0.003),maternal allergic history (x2 =8.297,P =0.004),compatriot history of allergies (x2 =8.297,P =0.004) or asthma (x2 =9.774,P =0.002),family environment with dust and excitant gas (x2 =12.831,P =0.000) were the risk factors for the wheezing in the low birth weight premature infants.(2)Multi-factor classification Logistic regression analysis showed that CPAP (OR =58.414,95 ％ CI:3.317-1 028.646,P =0.005),mother smoking during pregnancy (OR =11.953,95 ％ CI:1.309-109.120,P =0.028),compatriot history of allergies (OR=135.769,95％ CI:4.914-3 751.419,P =0.004),family environment(OR =83.738,95％ CI:4.416-1 587.982,P =0.003),were independent risk factors for wheezing in low birth weight premature infants;natural labor was protective factor for wheezing in low birth weight premature infants (OR =0.045,95％ CI:0.004-0.574,P =0.017).(3)The sensitivity and specificity of risk factors were analyzed.The highest sensitivity was estimated for the father's history of allergy(83.3％).The highest specificity was estimated for the use of antibiotics at hospital (76.7％).Conclusions The study shows that CPAP noninvasive ventilation,mother smoking during pregnancy,allergy history of their brothers and sisters,family environment with dust and excitant gas are independent risk factors for wheezing in the low birth weight premature infants.There is no single risk factor with both high sensitivity and high specificity.

Exercising the oropharyngeal muscles can help alleviate moderate obstructive sleep apnea among stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the efficacy of oropharyngeal muscle exercise for relieving obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) among stroke survivors.Methods Fifty stroke survivors with moderate OSAS were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,each of 25.Both groups were given routine drugs and rehabilitation,while the observation group was additionally provided with oropharyngeal muscle exercises during the daytime for 20 minutes twice a day for6 weeks.The control group received deep breathing therapy.Before and after the 6 weeks of treatment,both groups were evaluated using polysomnography.Their sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were measured using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and the Stanford sleepiness scale.Any changes in the patients' pharyngeal morphology after exercise were evaluated using MRI.Results After the oropharyngeal muscle exercises,the apnea hypoventilation index and minimum SaO2 ％,the snore index and sleep quality improved significantly.Daytime sleepiness was significantly relieved.Some structural remodeling of the pharyngeal airvay was observed by MRI,including significantly larger retropalatal distance and shorter length of the soft palate.The retropalatal distance was positively and correlated with the duration of exercise while the length of soft palate correlated negatively.Conclusion Exercising the oropharyngeal muscles is a promising alternative treatment for stroke survivors with moderate OSAS.It improves the morphology of the oropharynx to relieve obstruction during sleeping.

Biliary complications and recovery of liver function after liver transplantation from citizen's deceased donors versus standard criteria donors / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To investigate the biliary complications and recovery of liver function after liver transplantation from citizen's deceased donors (DCD) versus standard criteria donors (SCD).Method The clinical data of 269 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation from January 2009 to December 2016 at the Fuzhou General Hospital were collected.197 livers were from SCD and 72 from DCD.Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare the biliary complications and recovery of liver function after liver transplantation in the two groups.Results PSM matched 61 pairs of patients.There were 10 (16.4％) and 8 (13.1％) biliary complications in the DCD and the SCD groups,respectively,with no significant difference between them (P ＞ 0.05).The recovery of liver function was significantly delayed in the DCD group when compared with the SCD group.The levels of ALT,AST,GGT and AKP in the DCD group were significant different on the postoperative first,third,fifth,seventh and fourteenth day (P ＜ 0.05).At 30 days after surgery,there was no significant difference in liver function between the two groups.Conclusions Liver grafts from DCD had a significant impact on the recovery of liver function.When compared with the SCD group,the DCD group recovered significantly slower in liver function.There was no significant increase in the incidence of biliary complications.

The observation of low or middle power microwave radiation on tissues adjacent to titanium alloy implants / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the influence of low or middle power microwave radiation on tissues adja-cent to titanium alloy implants. Methods Titanium alloy internal fixation plates were implanted into the upper femur of the right side of New Zealand white rabbits, the left femurs served as the control. Then the femurs were exposed to 20, 40, 60, or 80 W of microwave radiation at a frequency of 2450 MHz for 30 minutes, and real-time temperature of the implants and its adjacent muscles were recorded. The nerve conduction study of the sciatic nerve was performed by stimulating the nerve and recording from gastrocnemius in both groups. Finally, all the rabbits were sacrificed and histo-logical studies were performed on nerve and muscle sections. Results Compared to the control limbs, temperatures of limbs with titanium alloy implants increased significantly when exposed to microwave radiation at 60 and 80 W ( P0.05). Pathological examination showed obvious congestion and bleeding in the intercellular spaces of skeletal muscle cells in the experiment group when exposed to radiation at 60 W, with no ob-vious pathological changes found in the sciatic nerve. However, when exposed to radiation at 80 W, vacuoles appeared in myocytes, the cellular structure was destroyed and the myelin sheath of the sciatic nerve swelled. Conclusion Ex-posure to microwave irradiation at 20 and 40 W, but not 60 and 80 W exerts no adverse effects on nerves and muscles adjacent to titanium alloy internal fixation plates. Consequently, continuous wave microwave irradiation at low powers (20~40 W) is a safer auxiliary treatment for limbs with titanium alloy implants.

Correlation between cytokine gene polymorphism and aGVHD in allo-HSCT recipients / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between gene polymorphisms of disease-relevant multiple cytokines including TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10,TGF-β1,IFN-γand acute graft versus host disease(aGVHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell trans-plantation ( allo-HSCT ) . Methods:32 cases of recipients received allo-HSCT and 36 cases of normal groups in January 2014 to December 2015 were selected as objects of study. We detected genotypes on specific SNP of target genes by polymerase chain reation ( PCR) combined with gene sequencing and observed the occurrence of aGVHD in postoperative recipients. The influence of cytokine gene polymorphisms on prognosis of allo-HSCT patients was analyzed,and the potential relationship between specific SNP mutation of the disease-relevant cytokine genes and severity of aGVHD was discussed. Results:Distribution of cytokines gene polymorphism including TNF-α-308(G/A),IL-6-174(G/C),IL-10-1082(A/G),TGF-β1+915(G/C),IFN-γ(T/A) had no significant differences with incidence of severe aGVHD(P>0. 05). However,the occurrence of severe aGVHD in allo-HSCT recipients with C/T genotype was significantly higher than C/C and T/T in SNP of TGF-β1+869(P<0. 01). Conclusion:Gene polymorphism of TGF-β1+869(C/T) in allo-HSCT patients was closely related to the occurrence of severe aGVHD. The research show allo-HSCT patients with C/T genotype occurred severe aGVHD more frequently, which is an important potential risk factor to induce the incidence of severe aGVHD. Therefore,detecting gene polymorphism of TGF-β1+869 ( C/T ) in allo-HSCT recipients and developing the appropriate therapeutic regimen may be helpful to reduce the incidence of aGVHD.

Significance of Tacrolimus Blood Concentration Monitoring to the Therapy of Membranous Nephropathy / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the significance of tacrolimus blood concentration monitoring to the therapy of mem-branous nephropathy. METHODS:41 patients with membranous nephropathy received tacrolimus,and the blood concentration of ta-crolimus reached to steady state. The trough concentration of tacrolimus was determined by EMIT. The patients were followed up, and clinical therapeutic efficacies were recorded. The relationship of blood concentration of tacrolimus with clinical efficacy was evaluated by SPSS 16.0 software. RESULTS:The blood concentration of tacrolimus was(7.47±2.74)ng/ml in complete remission (CR)group,(5.72±1.19)ng/ml in partial response(PR)group,and(3.30±1.08)ng/ml in no response(NR)group,with total remission rate of 75.61%. The blood concentration of CR group was the highest,followed by PR group and NR group,there was statistical significance among 3 groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The clinical efficacy of tacrolimus in the treatment of nephrot-ic syndrome is correlate to the blood concentration intimately. Trough concentration monitoring of tacrolimus has important signifi-cance to the treatment of membranous nephropathy.

Correlation between Plasma Concentration and Dose of Tacrolimus in the Treatment of Membranous Ne-phropathy / 中国药师

Objective:To investigate the correlation between plasma concentration and effective dose of tacrolimus in the treatment of membranous nephropathy. Methods: Totally 41 patients with membranous nephropathy were given tacrolimus combined with hor-mone at low dose. The valley plasma concentration of tacrolimus was detected using a homogeneous enzyme multiplied immunoassay method. According to the changes of 24-hour urine protein,serum albumin and kidney function, the clinical efficacy was evaluated. The correlation between curative effect and plasma concentration and dosage of tacrolimus in the treatment of membranous nephropathy was analyzed. Results:The plasma concentration of tacrolimus was (7. 47 ± 2. 74) ng·ml-1 and the dosage of administration was (0.047 ±0.007)mg·kg-1·d-1 in complete remission group, that in partial remission group respectively was (5.72 ±1.19)ng· ml-1 and(0.049 ±0.008)mg·kg-1·d-1, and that in non-remission group was respectively (3.30 ±1.08 )ng·ml-1 and (0.052 ± 0. 01)mg·kg-1·d-1. Conclusion: The clinical efficacy of tacrolimus in the treatment of membranous nephropathy has close rela-tionship with the plasma concentration,and that is promising when the plasma concentration within the range of (5. 10-9. 32) ng· ml-1 . The plasma concentration of tacrolimus isn't increased with the dosage increase in some patients.

Study on the liver injuries induced by cisplatin and carboplatin in mice / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the time the liver injuries appeared,the different level of liver injury induced by injecting Cisplatin and Carboplatin in mice and the possible mechanisms of the liver injury.Methods Mice were intravenously given,Cisplatin(17 mg/kg),Carboplatin(67 mg/kg) respectively.In the 3th,7th,11 th and 14th day after injecting the medicines,the serum biochemistry parameters,oxidation and antioxidation parameters of liver and histopathologic change in hepatic tissue were observed.Results HE stain showed that fatty degeneration of hepatocyte in the two experiment groups in the 3th day after injecting medicines,and hepatocellular spotty necrosis,and infiltration of inflammatory cells arroud the necrotic liver were found in,Cisplatin group.The level of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the two experiment groups increased significantly compared with those in the control (group P＜0.01),and alanine aminotransferase in Cisplatin group increased significantly(P＜0.01),compared with that in the control group and Carboplatin group.Conclusion Hepatic injury was observed in the 3th day after injecting medicines,the level of liver injury in Cisplatin group was heavier than that in Carboplatin group.

Studies on pharmacokinetics of nitidine chloride in rabbits / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to determine the concentration of nitidine chloride in plasma and successfully applied to study pharmacokinetics after i.v. administration in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Twelve rabbits, randomized into 2 groups , were given i.v. at the dose of 4, 6 mg x kg(-1) respectively. Chloramphenicol was used as an internal standard. Nitidine chloride was extracted from plasma with ion pair reagent, and was determined by HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The calibration curves of nitidine chloride was linear in the range of 0.03-2.04 mg x L(-1). Its recoveries were more than 95%, intra-day and inter-day precisions were lower than 6%. The concentration-time curve of nitidine chloride in rabbits after i.v. of 4 and 6 mg x kg(-1) were shown to fit a two-compartment model, the main pharmacokinetic parameters showed no significant difference between the low and high dosage, and the AUC values are directly relative to doses. T1/2alpha were (5.46 +/- 0.89), (4.76 +/- 0.33) min respectively, T1/2beta were (263.33 +/- 16.4), (274.71 +/- 16.52) min respectively, AUC were (46.56 +/- 1.80), (69.19 +/- 2.30) microg x min(-1) x mL(-1) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is first time to establish the HPLC method to determine the concentration of nitidine chloride in rabbits plasma. The method is sensitive, accurate and reproducible. It is first time to study the pharmacokinetic characters of nitidine chloride in rabbits after i.v. administration, the elimination of nitidine chloride is linear pharmacokinetics.</p>

Preparation and Stability of Xiaocuo Emulsion / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Xiaocuo emulsion and to study its stability.METHODS:The formula and techniques were optimized with metronidazuo,cimetidine,chloramphenicol and salicylic acid as the chief ingredients,and with the uniformity of emulsion as the indicator.The stability test was performed using storage test and accelerated centrifugal test.RESULTS:The optimized formula was the following,5ml azone,4ml tween-80,1g metronidazole,2g cimetidine,2g chloramphenicol,1g salicylic acid and 100ml deionized water.CONCLUSION:The preparation is reasonable in formula,simple in preparative techniques,stable in quality and feasible in production.

Behaviour, Cognition and Emotion of the Public in Beijing towards SARS / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the change of the behaviour, cognition and emotion of the public in Beijing during different prevalence of SARS Method: "Questionnaire on SARS" was designed by authors Through e-mails or websites, 473 valid copies were collected in Beijing Result:Facing with SARS, the public in Beijing faced high pressure from the environment They concerned with the information on SARS very much, and adopted more self-protection behaviours, such as wearing masks, paying more attention on personal hygiene Some people also showed irrational behaviours, such as storing cashes and food, taking the temperature too much times within one day and so on As for the cognition, people thought they should adjust themselves psychologically in order to overcome SARS related problems without being panic When the SARS cases increasing, physical and psychological stricture made people feel more nervous, panic, helpless, angry and pessimistic, as well as less excited, calm and numb The cognition, behaviour and the emotion of Beijing's public varied along with the situation in Beijing and in China

Study on Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Two Products of Valaciclovir Tablet / 中国药房

0 05) CONCLUSION:The two products of valaciclovir tablet are bioequivalent

Study on the Determination Method of Ornidazole in Mother's Milk by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for determining the concentration of ornidazole in mother's milk METHODS:Stationary phase was Nova-Pak C8 column Mobile phase was methanol-water(30∶70) Samples were precipita_ted by acetonitrile without being extracted with organic solvent RESULTS:The endogenous substances in milk did not interfere with the determination of ornidazole The calibration curve was linear within the concentration range of 2 0～30 0?g/ml,r=0 9 997;the limit of detection was 0 49?g/ml;the average recovery was(99 67?0 54)%,and the within-day and between-day RSDs did not exceed 2 5% and 2 1%,respectively CONCLUSION:The method is simple,quick,accurate,sensitive,precise and usable for pharmacokinetic study of ornidazole in mother's milk

Revision of Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Phobia Scale / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To revise the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) and Social Phobia Scale (SPS), which are self-related social anxiety measurements developed by Mattick and his colleagues. Methods: Data were collected from a sample of more than 1,300 college students of Beijing and analyzed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis, reliability test and validity test. Results: The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the revised SIAS and SPS were single-factor construct and had good construct validities. The Cronbach's ? coefficient of the SIAS scale was 0.874, the reliability coefficient of split-half was 0.862, and the test-retest stability coefficient was 0.863. The Cronbach's ? coefficient of the SPS scale was 0.904, the reliability coefficient of split-half was 0.865, and the test-retest stability coefficient was 0.849. The correlation between total score of SIAS and that of Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale(FNE) was 0.514, and the correlation between total score of SPS and that of FNE was 0.479. Conclusion: The revised scales of SIAS and SPS has good psychometric quality and can be used in Chinese college students.