ABSTRACT
Diagnosing the type and sub-type of Leukemia is very important as the therapy, prognosis and survival rate changes with each type and sub-type. In the present study French American British (FAB) morphological classification is used and 60 % cases of Leukemia were evaluated by studying the detailed clinical features, morphology on peripheral blood smear and bone marrow aspiration. Out of the 60 cases we found that 40 cases were of acute Leukemia and 20 cases of chronic Leukemia. Out of which 24 were of acute Myeloid Leukemia, 16 of acute Lymphoid Leukemia. There were 15 cases of CML and 5 cases of CLL. Phi bodies appear to be characteristics of immature Myeloid cells in Leukemia and are seen with a higher frequency than Auer rods in acute Myeloid Leukemia
ABSTRACT
A sporulating culture of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae strain HD549 is toxic to larvae of lepidopteran insect species such as Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera and Phthorimaea operculella, and a dipteran insect, Culex fatigans. A 1.9-kb DNA fragment, PCR-amplified from HD549 using cryII-gene-specific primers, was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The recombinant protein produced 92% mortality in first-instar larvae of Spodoptera litura and 86% inhibition of adult emergence in Phthorimaea operculella, but showed very low toxicity against Helicoverpa armigera, and lower mortality against third-instar larvae of dipteran insects Culex fatigans, Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. The sequence of the cloned crystal protein gene showed almost complete homology with a mosquitocidal toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, with only five mutations scattered in different regions. Amino acid alignment with different insecticidal crystal proteins using the MUTALIN program suggested presence of the conserved block 3 region in the sequence of this protein. A mutation in codon 409 of this gene that changes a highly conserved phenylalanine residue to serine lies in this block.