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1.
ARS med. (Santiago, En línea) ; 44(1): 13-20, 2019. Tab, Graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1024229

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: en Chile, a pesar de la importante reducción de la mortalidad materna en la década de los 90, los avances distan de los objetivos comprometidos. Objetivos: analizar la tendencia de la razón de mortalidad materna (RMM) en Chile desde 1990 al 2015 y de factores epidemiológicos que afectan el cumplimiento del 5° Objetivo del Mileno (5°OM). Métodos: estudio observacional a nivel nacional. Analizamos la tendencia del cambio porcentual anual promedio (CPAP) y puntos de inflexión de la RMM junto con la evolución de los nacimientos, muertes maternas y sus causas. Además, analizamos los nacimientos por edad y la distribución de la razón de mortalidad materna por edad y por causa de muerte materna. Resultados: en Chile la RMM se redujo un 61% entre 1990 y 2015, con una inflexión desde el 2001 (IC 95% 1997 a 2004) demostrando dos periodos: 1990-2001 (CPAP -6,97%; IC 95% -8,63 a -5,29) y 2001-2015 (CPAP -0,66%; IC 95% -2,40 a 1,10). En el segundo período la tasa de natalidad disminuyó con menor pendiente, los nacimientos de madres de 15-29 años disminuyeron, mientras que en los otros estratos de edad los nacimientos aumentaron. En ambos períodos las primeras causas de muerte fueron hipertensión arterial, enfermedades concurrentes y aborto. En el segundo período la muerte materna por hipertensión arterial y aborto se redujo, mientras que por enfermedades concurrentes aumentó. Conclusiones: en Chile la RMM es estacionaria desde el 2001 y se asocia a cambios en la distribución en la edad materna y causas de muerte. (AU)


Background: in Chile, despite the significant reduction in maternal mortality in the 1990s, the advances are far from the committed objectives. Aim: To analyze trends of the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Chile from 1990 to 2015 and epidemiologic factors that threaten the5th Millennium Goal. Methods: an observational study at the country level. We performed a trend analysis of the average annual percent change (AAPC) and models for joint point analyses for MMR, births, maternal deaths and their causes. In addition, we assessed the Odds Ratios for births by maternal age and the distribution of the maternal mortality rate by maternal age and main death causes. Results: in Chile, a reduction of 61% in MMR was observed from 1990 to 2015 with a trend join point in 2001 (CI 95% 1997 to 2004) indicating two periods: 1990-2001 (AAPC -6.97%; 95% CI -8.63 to -5.29) and 2001-2015 (AAPC - 0.66%; 95% CI -2.4 to 1.10). In the second period the birth rate decreased with a lower slope, the births of mothers in the age group 15-29 decreased, while in the other age groups the births increased. In both periods, main maternal death causes were hypertension, concurrent illness, and abortion. In the second period, maternal deaths associated to hypertension and abortion decreased, whereas deaths associated to concurrent illness increased. Conclusions: in Chile, MMR has been stationary since 2001 and is associated with changes in the distribution of maternal age and causes of death.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Chile , Maternal Mortality , Birth Rate , Mortality , Cause of Death , Maternal Health
2.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 83(3): 240-249, jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959511

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Antecedentes: La muerte materna por aborto inseguro es un severo problema de salud pública, países con leyes de aborto liberales tendrían menor riesgo de aborto inseguro y de mortalidad por aborto. Cuba tiene una legislación que no penaliza el aborto inducido, mientras en Chile es ilegal en todos los casos hasta su reciente despenalización en 3 causales. Objetivo: Se postula que Cuba tendría una menor mortalidad materna por aborto que Chile, por lo que se propone comparar la evolución de la razón de mortalidad materna por aborto entre ambos países, en el período 2000-2015. Material y Método: Los datos crudos de muertes asociadas al aborto y nacidos vivos se obtienen de las bases de datos de estadísticas vitales de ambos países. La oportunidad relativa de muerte se estima según Odds Ratio (OR) con intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC 95%) de las razones de mortalidad materna. Resultados: La razón de muerte materna asociada al aborto fue mayor en Cuba que en Chile (OR: 1,91; IC 95%: 1,331 a 2,739; p=0,0004). Se observa una tendencia al descenso en Cuba y mientras no se observan cambios en Chile. Conclusiones: Contrario a lo postulado basado en las diferentes legislaciones de ambos países, en el período 2000-2015, Cuba presentó mayor razón de mortalidad materna asociada al aborto que Chile. Se comentan posibles condicionantes de la diferencia encontrada.


ABSTRACT Background: Maternal death due to unsafe abortion is a severe public health problem; countries with liberal abortion laws would have a lower risk of unsafe abortion and abortion mortality. Cuba has a legislation that does not penalize induced abortion, while in Chile it is illegal in all cases until its recent decriminalization in 3 grounds. Objective: It is postulated that Cuba would have a lower maternal mortality due to abortion than Chile, for which purpose it is proposed to compare the evolution of the maternal mortality by abortion between both countries, in the period 2000-2015. Material and Method: Raw data on deaths associated with abortion and live births are obtained from the vital statistics databases of both countries. The relative chance of death is estimated according to the Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the maternal mortality. Results: The maternal death rate associated with abortion was higher in Cuba than in Chile (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.331 to 2.739; p = 0.0004). A downward trend is observed in Cuba and without changes in Chile. Conclusions: Contrary to the postulate based on the different legislations of both countries, in the period 20002015, Cuba had a higher maternal mortality associated with abortion than Chile. Possible conditioning factors of the difference found are discussed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Maternal Mortality , Abortion, Induced/mortality , Abortion, Induced/statistics & numerical data , Chile , Public Health , Abortion, Induced/legislation & jurisprudence , Cuba
3.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(4): 361-365, Apr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-842552

ABSTRACT

Summary Objective: To evaluate burnout syndrome in its three aspects, jointly as well as independently, in physiotherapists from the Extremadura region (Spain). Method: Analytic descriptive epidemiological transversal trial in primary care and institutional practice, with physiotherapists practicing in Extremadura who met the inclusion criteria, after having signed an informed consent form. Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low professional accomplishment were the outcomes measured. Results: Physiotherapists from Extremadura show a 65.23 point level of burnout syndrome, according to the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire. Therefore, they are positioned in the middle of the rating scale for the syndrome, and very near to the high level at starting score of 66 points. Conclusion: Physiotherapists in Extremadura present moderate scores for the three dimensions of burnout syndrome, namely, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low professional accomplishment. For this reason, they are in the moderate level of the syndrome and very near to the high level, which starts at a score of 66 points. No relation between burnout syndrome and age has been found in our study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Physical Therapists/psychology , Spain/epidemiology , Time Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Burnout, Professional , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Analysis of Variance , Workload , Public Sector/statistics & numerical data , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Depersonalization/psychology , Depersonalization/epidemiology , Mental Fatigue/psychology , Mental Fatigue/epidemiology , Physical Therapists/statistics & numerical data
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 144(11): 1432-1439, nov. 2016. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-845465

ABSTRACT

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is associated with higher child mortality especially due to cardiac malformations. Aim: To describe the trend in Chilean infant mortality in DS in the period 1997-2013 as compared to the general population without DS. Material and Methods: Raw data on infant deaths were extracted from the yearbooks of vital statistics of the National Institute of Statistics. The mortality risk associated to DS, relative to population without DS was estimated. Results: There were 456 deaths in infants with DS during the study period (59 early neonatal deaths, 70 late neonatal deaths and 327 post-neonatal deaths). The trend in infant mortality rate in DS was ascending (r: 0.53, p = 0.03), with an average annual percentage change of 4.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4-9.0%; p < 0.01). Compared to the population without DS, the risk of early neonatal death was lower in DS (Odds ratio (OR) 0.14, 95% CI 0.11-0.19; p < 0.01) whereas the risk of post-neonatal death was higher (OR 4.74, 95% CI 3.85-5.85; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Infant mortality in Down syndrome has an increasing trend. We postulate that these children are not accessing timely cardiac surgery, the main therapeutic tool to reduce the death risk in the first year of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Down Syndrome/mortality , Time Factors , Chile , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Mortality/trends , Cause of Death , Sex Distribution , Heart Defects, Congenital/mortality
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 142(2): 168-174, feb. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-710984

ABSTRACT

Background: Adolescent pregnancy and advanced maternal age are associated with increased risk for maternal, perinatal and infant death. However, the maternal age with the lowest reproductive risk has not been established. Aim: To determine the range of maternal age with the lowest reproductive risk. Material and Methods: A population-based study (2005-2010) was performed analyzing raw data from vital statistics yearbooks of the National Institute of Statistics of Chile. The association of maternal, fetal, neonatal and infant mortality with maternal age was analyzed. The latter was stratified in quinquenniums, between ages 10 and 54 years. Maternal, fetal, neonatal and infant mortality rates were calculated for each quinquennium. The lowest rate was selected as a control group for risk analysis, which was estimated according to Odds Ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Women of 20-29, 25-34 and under 30 years, had the lowest rate of fetal, neonatal/infant and maternal death, respectively. Women aged 45-49 years had the higher rate of maternal, fetal, neonatal and infant mortality. The risk of fetal, neonatal and infant mortality doubled from 40-44 years onwards, and maternal mortality from the age of 30-34 years. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the maternal age range with the lesser general reproductive risk is between 20-29 years. This finding should be considered in future studies of reproductive risk and for an appropriate counseling about conception.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Fetal Death , Infant Mortality , Maternal Age , Maternal Mortality , Perinatal Mortality , Chile , Risk Factors
6.
Journal of Integrative Medicine ; (12): 241-5, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-671815

ABSTRACT

Balance problems are common in people of all ages and can lead to falls, thus causing fractures with consequent disability. Qigong practice has long been part of daily life in Chinese culture, and has good effects on physical health maintenance.

8.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 4(1): 13-7, jun. 1987. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-153217

ABSTRACT

En 80 madres se encontró una incidencia de 11,3 por ciento de infección por Chlamydia trachomatis. El método utilizado fue de ensayo inmunoenzimático, que al correlacionarlo con cultivo se encuentra un 66,6 por ciento de positividad. Se trató a las pacientes y a su pareja una vez hecho el diagnóstico. No se observó complicaciones obstétricas o neonatales atribuibles a infección por Chlamydia trachomatis. No se encontró lesiones citológicas en los extendidos de Papanicolau sugerentes de infección por Chlamydia trachomatis


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Chlamydia Infections/immunology , Chlamydia Infections/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Immunoenzyme Techniques/standards
9.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 14(3): 200-5, dic. 1986. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-66263

ABSTRACT

Se comparó las características evolutivas del embarazo, parto y recién nacido entre un grupo de 163 embarazadas obesas (índice peso para la talla mayor de 120%) y 163 controles (índice peso para la talla entre 94 y 106%) pareadas por edad y paridad. Las embarazadas obesas presentaron una significativa mayor frecuencia de hipertensión arterial (p<0,005), de preeclamsia (p<0,05), de cesáreas (p<0,027) y de infección puerperal (p<0,01) que el grupo control. No se encontró diferencia en la incidencia de diabetes gestacional y hemorragias postparto. El peso de nacimiento fue significativamente superior en los hijos de madres obesas (p<0,004), al igual que la incidencia de niños grandes para la edad gestacional (p<0,037). No se observaron diferencias en la morbilidad neonatal ni en las características de la lactancia al mes de edad entre ambos grupos. Se concluye que la obesidad durante el embarazo, aún de intensidad moderada, constituye un importante riesgo obstétrico


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Adult , Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Obesity , Chile , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Risk
10.
Bol. Oficina Sanit. Panam ; 99(5): 528-38, nov. 1985. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-31574

ABSTRACT

Se llevó a cabo una encuesta serológica de gestantes de estratos socieconómicos mediano (372) y bajo (461) de Santiago, Chile, durante su primera o segunda consulta prenatal, con el fin de determinar la prevalencia de infección por citomegalovirus (CMV), virus de rubéola, herpes simple (HSV) y hepatitis B (HBV), y Toxoplasma gondii en las primeras fases de la gestación. Las muestras se analizaron por ELISA utilizando reactivos comerciales. En la cohorte de bajos ingresos, la tasa de seropositividad fue del 96,5% para CMV, del 97,2% para HSV, del 94,8% para rubéola, del 68,2% para T. gondii y del 1,4% para HBV. En el grupo de medianos ingresos, la tasa de seropositividad fue del 86,8% para CMV, del 87,9% para HVS, del 94,4% para rubéola, del 48,4% para T. gondii y del 1,4% para HBV. Solo las diferencias en la prevalencia de CMV, HSV y T gondii fueron significativas. Los resultados revelan que, en Santiago, las infecciones por CMV, HSV, rubéola y T. gondii se contraen en edad temprana en ambos grupos analizados. A pesar del alto grado de inmunidad resultante, es posible que el riesgo de infecciones congénitas y perinatales por esos agentes sea alto, debido a la constante oportunidad de reactivación y reinfección que se producen con frecuencia en el caso de CMV y HSV. Además, las gestantes susceptibles, aunque son relativamente pocas, están en constante riesgo de contraer esas infecciones tan difundidas en la comunidad. La prevalencia de la hepatitis B, por otra parte, es mucho menor en Chile que en otros países con un grado de desarollo económico similar. Esto parecería indicar que los casos de infección por HBV en neonatos deben ser infrecuentes


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Female , Cytomegalovirus/immunology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Simplexvirus/immunology , Toxoplasma/immunology , Hepatitis B virus/immunology , Rubella virus/immunology , Chile , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
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