The health facility as a risk factor for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in critically ill patients with COVID-19

Abstract Background The relationship between Multidrug Resistant-Gram Negative Bacteria (MDR-GNB) infection and colonization in critically ill COVID-19 patients has been observed, however, it is still poorly understood. This study evaluated the risk factors for acquiring MDR-GNB in patients with severe COVID-19 in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Methods This is a nested case-control study in a cohort of 400 adult patients (≥ 18 years old) with COVID-19, hospitalized in the ICU of 4 hospitals in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. Cases were critical COVID-19 patients with one or more MDR GNB from any surveillance and/or clinical cultures were taken during their ICU stay. Controls were patients from the same units with negative cultures for MDR-GNB. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done. Results Sixty-seven cases and 143 controls were included. Independent risk factors for MDR bacteria were: male gender (OR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.28‒5.33; p = 0.008); the hospital of admission (OR = 3.24; 95% CI 1.39‒7.57; p = 0.006); mechanical ventilation (OR = 25.7; 95% CI 7.26‒91; p < 0.0001); and desaturation on admission (OR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.27‒5.74; p = 0.009). Conclusions Male gender, desaturation, mechanical ventilation, and the hospital of admission were the independent factors associated with MDR-GNB in patients in the ICU with COVID-19. The only modifiable factor was the hospital of admission, where a newly opened hospital posed a higher risk. Therefore, coordinated actions toward a better quality of care for critically ill COVID-19 patients are essential.

Mídia virtual como apoio aos adolescentes com doença crônica que buscam informação em saúde / Virtual media as support for adolescents with a chronic disease seeking health information

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar as informações em saúde nas mídias virtuais de apoio buscadas pelos adolescentes que convivem com doença crônica. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 12 adolescentes que convivem com doença crônica. Como técnica de coleta de dados, utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Os dados codificados e interpretados resultaram em três eixos temáticos: Demanda de informação relacionada à definição da doença crônica, Demanda de informação relacionada à perspectiva de vida do adolescente com doença crônica e Demanda por informação relacionada à estética do adolescente com doença crônica. Conclusão: Os adolescentes que vivenciam uma condição crônica têm buscado apoio nas redes virtuais por meio de informações relacionadas à saúde. Esta tendência mostra que devemos renovar nossa perspectiva, como profissionais de saúde, sobre os processos de ajuda e cuidado, através da inserção da prática profissional de enfermagem na atual sociedade tecnológica.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la información sobre salud que los adolescentes con enfermedades crónicas buscan en medios virtuales de apoyo. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, de enfoque cualitativo, realizado en 12 adolescentes que viven con enfermedad crónica. Como técnica de recolección de datos, se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el análisis de contenido de Bardin Resultados: Los datos, al ser codificados e interpretados, resultaron en tres ejes temáticos: Demanda de información relacionada con la definición de enfermedad crónica, Demanda de información relacionada con la esperanza de vida del adolescente con enfermedad crónica y Demanda de información relacionada con la estética del adolescente con enfermedad crónica. Conclusiones: Los adolescentes que sufren una enfermedad crónica buscan apoyo en las redes virtuales mediante la información sobre salud. Esta tendencia muestra que debemos renovar nuestra perspectiva, como profesionales de salud, sobre los procesos de auxilio y cuidado, a través de una inserción de las prácticas profesionales de la Enfermería en la sociedad tecnológica actual.

Abstract Objective: To analyze health information that adolescents with chronic disease seek in virtual media support. Methodology: Qualitative Descriptive Study, carried out on 12 adolescents living with chronic disease. A semi-structured interview was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using content analysis of Bardin. Results: Once these data were encoded and interpreted, three thematic axes emerged, as follows: Information demand related to the definition of chronic disease, Information demand related to life expectancy of adolescent with chronic disease, and Demand for information related to esthetics of adolescent with chronic disease. Conclusions: Adolescents who have a chronic disease seek support in virtual networks using health information. This trend shows that we must renew our perspective, as health professionals, on the processes of help and care, through the insertion of nursing professional practice in the current technological society.

La Hipertensión Arterial es factor de riesgo para el desarrollo y progresión de la Enfermedad Renal Crónica / Arterial Hypertension is a risk factor for the development and progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

RESUMEN El vínculo entre Hipertensión Arterial (HTA) y Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) es recíproco y complejo. La HTA es un factor de riesgo reconocido para el desarrollo de ERC, y la incidencia de enfermedad renal se incrementa conforme aumenta la severidad de la HTA. Adicionalmente la presencia de HTA se vincula a progresión de la ERC desde etapas tempranas hasta el desarrollo de ERC-extrema. La presencia de HTA enmascarada, HTA de túnica blanca y la pérdida del patrón dipping nocturno se vinculan a desarrollo y progresión de enfermedad renal. El tamizaje de ERC es recomendado para pacientes con HTA en riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad. Es más discutido si debe realizarse tamizaje en individuos con bajo riesgo de desarrollar ERC. Las cifras objetivo de presión arterial en este grupo de pacientes son sugeridas por las guías KDIGO. Múltiples estudios han buscado identificar si el control intensivo de presión arterial disminuye la incidencia de ERC y su progresión pero los resultados no son concluyentes. El presente trabajo revisa el vínculo entre HTA y desarrollo y progresión de la ERC. Se puntualiza sobre la población con HTA que se beneficia del tamizaje de ERC y los valores objetivo de presión arterial en este grupo.

ABSTRACT The link between Arterial Hypertension (AHT) and Chronic Renal Disease (CKD) is reciprocal and complex. HBP is a recognized risk factor for the development of CKD, and the incidence of renal disease increases as the severity of hypertension increases. Additionally, the presence of hypertension is linked to progression of CKD from early stages to the development of extreme-ERC. The presence of masked HTA, white tunica HTA and loss of nocturnal dipping pattern are associated with development and progression of renal disease. Screening for CKD is recommended for patients with hypertension at risk of developing the disease. It is more controversial whether screening should be done in individuals at low risk of developing CKD. The target blood pressure figures in this group of patients are suggested by the KDIGO guidelines. Multiple studies have sought to identify whether intensive blood pressure control decreases the incidence of CKD and its progression but the results are inconclusive. This paper reviews the link between hypertension and development and progression of CKD. It is pointed out the population with hypertension that benefits from CKD screening and target blood pressure values ​​in this group.

Rede social e virtual de apoio ao adolescente que convive com doença crônica: uma revisão integrativa / Red social y virtual de apoyo al adolescente que convive con enfermedad crónica: una revisión integradora / Social and Virtual Support Network for Teenagers Living with Chronic Disease: An Integrative Review

Objetivo: identificar o papel do enfermeiro na rede social e virtual de apoio aos adolescentes que convivem com o diagnóstico de doença crônica. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada na base de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS e BDENF, no período de junho a novembro de 2013, com artigos indexados a partir de 2008 até 2013 e os descritores: "enfermagem", "apoio social", "adolescentes", "doenças crônicas" e "rede social". Resultados: os artigos descrevem que o apoio social de forma direta aos portadores de doenças crônicas ou por meio do apoio que os pais recebem, afetará positivamente no estado de saúde do portador. Conclusão: o enfermeiro deve estar preparado para fornecer o apoio necessário às famílias e ao portador de doença crônica com o objetivo de melhorar a saúde do paciente. Esse apoio por meio das redes sociais virtuais é um novo método que vem conquistando espaço e trazendo grandes benefícios para esses pacientes e seus familiares.

Objetivo: identificar el rol del enfermero en la red social y virtual de apoyo a los adolescentes que conviven con el diagnóstico de enfermedad crónica. Metodología: se trata de una revisión integradora, realizada en la base de datos: MEDLINE, LILACS e BDENF, en el periodo de junio a noviembre de 2013, con artículos indexados del 2008 hasta el 2013 y los descriptores: enfermería, apoyo social, adolescentes, enfermedades crónicas y red social. Resultados: los artículos describen que el apoyo social de forma directa a los portadores de enfermedades crónicas o por medio del apoyo que los padres reciben, afectará positivamente en el estado de salud del portador. Conclusión: el enfermero debe estar preparado para brindarles el apoyo necesario a las familias y al portador de enfermedad crónica con el objetivo de mejorar la salud del paciente. Este apoyo por medio de las redes sociales virtuales es un nuevo método que ha conquistado espacio y traído grandes beneficios para dichos pacientes y sus familiares.

Purpose: The study was intended to identify the nurse's role in social and virtual support networks for adolescents who live with a chronic disease diagnosis. Methodology: This is an integrative review conducted in several databases (MEDLINE, LILACS and BDENF) during the period from June to November 2013, with articles indexed from 2008 to 2013. Nursing, social support, adolescents, chronic diseases, and social network were the descriptors used. Findings: The articles explain that social support provided directly to patients with chronic diseases, or through support the parents receive, will have a positive impact on the health of the patient with a chronic disease. Conclusion: Nurses must be prepared to provide the necessary support to patients with a chronic disease and their families, in the hope of improving the patient's health. This support provided through virtual social networks constitutes a new method that has gained space and brought considerable benefit to chronically ill patients and their families.

Genotype distribution of the GB virus C in citizens of Säo Paulo City, Brazil

There has been several studies worldwide on phylogenetics and genotype distribution of the GB-virus C / Hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV). However, in their great majority, those investigations were based on some epidemiologically linked group, rather than on a representative sampling of the general population. The present is a continuation of the first study in Brazil with such a population; it addresses the GBV-C/HGV phylogenetics and genotype distribution based on samples identified among more than 1,000 individuals of the city of Säo Paulo. For this purpose, a 728 bp fragment of the 5 non-coding region (5 NCR) of the viral genome, from 24 isolates, was sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Genotypes 1, 2a and 2b were found at 8.3 percent (2/24), 50 percent (12/24) and 41.7 percent (10/24), respectively. In conclusion Säo Paulo displays a genotype distribution similar to the published data for other States and Regions of Brazil, endorsing the notion that types 1 and 2 would have entered the country with African and European people, respectively, since its earliest formation

New prevalence estimate of TT virus (TTV) infection in low- and high-risk population from Säo Paulo, Brazil

The prevalence of TT virus (TTV) infection was investigated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in low- (blood donors and healthy children/adolescents) and high-risk (hemophiliacs) groups from Säo Paulo, Brazil. Primers based on the untranslated region (UTR) of the viral genome proved to be much more ubiquitous, leading to much higher frequencies for both groups ( > or = 81 percent) than the earlier N22-PCR directed to the open reading frame 1 (blood donors, 5.5 percent, and hemophiliacs, 42.3 percent). The UTR-PCR also revealed an interesting profile for healthy children/adolescents: very high prevalence at the early years and significant decrease in male teenagers. The N22-PCR, in turn, demonstrated higher frequency in hemophiliacs treated with fresh blood products (58 percent), than in those treated with virus-inactivated clotting factors (9.4 percent) and blood donors (5.5 percent)