ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to examine the biochemical and histopathological changes in liver of albino rats with oral sub-lethal (20 mg/kg) administration of chlorpyrifos as single, double and multiple doses with 48 hr intervals. Protease and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzyme activities increased in a dose and time dependent manner. Chlorpyrifos-induced histopathological changes included central venous congestion, sinusoidal haemorrhages, and focal necrotic areas in liver. Diffuse haemorrhagic areas were observed in the heart. Degenerative changes in the muscle layer, hypertrophy of goblet cells, and infiltration and hyperaemic changes in blood vessels were observed in the intestine. These results suggest that structural integrity of certain organ systems can be disrupted to a great extent from chlorpyrifos exposure.
ABSTRACT
Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that has high insecticidal activity, low avian and mammalian toxicity, and adequate stability in air and light. This paper is an attempt to study its toxicity in vivo in rat liver at cellular level. Following exposure to oral, sublethal doses (41 mg/kg bw) of cypermethrin as single dose, double dose and multiple dose with 48 h interval, the histochemical changes were studied in different groups of rat livers. Histochemical examination indicated depletion of polysaccharides in the liver. This change occurred in a dose and timedependent manner in treated rat liver.
ABSTRACT
Cypermethrin is the most widely used Type II pyrethroid pesticide in India because of its high efficacy against target species, and its reportedly low mammalian toxicity. It is a fast-acting neurotoxin and is known to cause free radical-mediated tissue damage. This paper is an attempt at estimating its toxicity in rats at a molecular level. Following exposure to oral, sublethal doses (41 mg/kg bw) of cypermethrin as single dose, double dose, and multiple dose with 48 h interval, the various profiles of protein metabolism were studied in different groups of rat muscle tissue. Total proteins showed decrement, whereas free amino acids, and the activity of protease, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase as well as ammonia significantly increased in cypermethrin-exposed rats. Urea content increase at all doses of exposure was not statistically significant. These effects on the protein metabolism of rats exposed to cypermethrin, which cause impairment of protein synthetic machinery, indicate its toxic effects on cellular functioning.