ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the application of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in early-staged cervical cancer by laparoscopy.Methods:It was a prospective, single-arm, single-center clinical study. Seventy-eight cases of cervical cancer patients were collected from July 2015 to December 2018 at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University. All the patients were injected with tracer into the disease-free block of cervical tissue after anesthesia by the same surgeon who learned sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping technique in Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and underwent SLN mapping followed by complete pelvic lymphadenectomy. Moreover, all the dissected lymph nodes were stained with hematoxylin eosin staining (HE) pathological examination. Besides, the negative SLN on hematoxylin-eosin staining were detected by immunohistochemistry cytokeratin staining micro-metastasis. To analyze the distribution, detection rate, false negative rate the sensitivity and negative predictive value of the SLN in early-staged cervical cancer by laparoscopy, and explore the value of SLN mapping in predicting the lymph nodes metastasis in early-staged cervical cancer.Results:The overall detection rate of SLN in cervical cancer was 99% (77/78), bilateral detection rate was 87% (68/78). The average of 12.4 lymph node (LN) and 3.6 SLN were dissected for each patients each side. SLN of cervical cancer were mainly distributed in the obturator space (61.5%, 343/558), followed by external iliac (23.5%, 131/558), common iliac (7.3%, 41/558), para-uterine (3.8%, 21/558), internal iliac (2.2%, 12/558), para abdominal aorta (1.1%, 6/558), and anterior sacral lymphatic drainage area (0.7%, 4/558). Fourteen cases of LN metastasis were found among all 78 cases. There were a total of 38 positive LN, including 26 SLN metastasis and 12 none sentinel LN metastasis. Through immunohistochemical staining and pathological ultra-staging, 1 SLN was found to be isolated tumor cells (ITC), and 5 SLNs were found to be micro-metastases (MIC), accounting for 23% (6/26) of positive SLN. SLN mapping with pathological ultra-staging improved the prediction of LN metastasis in cervical cancer (2/14). Metastatic SLN mainly distributed in the obturator space (65%, 17/26), peri-uterine region (12%, 3/26), common iliac region (15%, 4/26), and external iliac region (8%, 2/26). The consistency of the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis by SLN biopsy and postoperative retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis showed that the Kappa value was 1.000 ( P<0.001), indicated that the metastasis status of SLN and retroperitoneal lymph node were completely consistent. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, false-negative rate, and negative predictive value of SLN biopsy in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis were 100%, 100%, 100%, 0, and 100%, respectively. Conclusions:SLN in early-staged cervical cancer patients were mainly distributed in the obturator and external iliac space, pathalogical ultra-staging of SLN could improve the prediction of LN metastasis. Intraoperative SLN mapping is safe, feasible and could predict the state of retroperitoneal LN metastasis in early-staged cervical cancer. SLNB may replace systemic pelvic lymphadenectomy.
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The aim of this research is to investigate the inhibitory effects of calpain inhibitors (ALLN and calpain inhibitor IV) on mammary epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MCF-10A cells induced by fibronectin (FN). After FN treatment of MCF-10A cells for 48 h, cell migration and invasion were determined by scratch repair assay and matrigel coated transwell assay, respectively. Vimentin, E-cadherin, snail and calpain-2 protein expression were measured by Western blot. The results suggest that FN induced morphological changes in MCF-10A cells, significantly increased the migration and invasion abilities of MCF-10A cells, upregulated the expression of calpain-2, vimentin and snail, and downregulated the expression of E-cadherin. All such changes by FN were reversed with ALLN and calpain inhibitor IV. In conclusion, the upregulation of calpain-2 was involved in FN-induced EMT of MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells, which may be inhibited by ALLN and calpain inhibitor IV.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of ricin temperature response gel on breast cancer and its regulatory effect on immune function in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ricin was purified by chromatography and identified by immunoblotting. The rat subcutaneously transplanted breast cancer model was established. Forty model rats with a tumor diameter of about 3.0 cm were subjected to the study. They were randomized into four groups equally: the model group and three treated groups (blank gel, ricin, ricin-gel) were administered with blank gel, ricin, and ricin temperature response gel via percutaneous intratumor injection, respectively. The tumor was isolated 10 days later for the estimation of tumor inhibition rate (TIR) by weighing, pathologic examination, and detection of tumor apoptosis-associated genes bcl-2 and bax with semiquantitative RT-PCR. Also, peripheral blood was obtained to test T-lymphocyte subsets, the killing function of lymphocytes, and the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). The outcomes were compared between groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The TIR in the ricin-gel group was 61.8%, with the pathologic examination showing extensive tumor tissue necrosis. Compared with the model group, after ricin temperature response gel treatment, bcl-2 expression was down-regulated, bax expression was up-regulated, CD4+ lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood were increased, the killing function of lymphocytes was enhanced, and the contents of TNF-α and IL-2 were elevated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intratumor injection of ricin temperature-responsive gel showed significant antitumor effect on breast cancer and could enhance the immune function in the tumor-bearing rat.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Antineoplastic Agents , Apoptosis , CD4-CD8 Ratio , Disease Models, Animal , Gels , Therapeutic Uses , Immunohistochemistry , Immunomodulation , Injections, Intralesional , Interleukin-2 , Allergy and Immunology , Metabolism , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental , Drug Therapy , Allergy and Immunology , Pathology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Ricin , Sensitivity and Specificity , Temperature , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Allergy and Immunology , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate expression of tissue transglutaminase (tTG) protein and its role in carcinogenesis of brain tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>tTG protein was detected by immunohistochemical method in 62 astrocytomas, 18 oligodendrogliomas, 30 benign meningiomas, 30 pituitary adenomas and 10 normal brain tissues.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) In brain tumors, tTG protein expression was heterogeneous locating in tumor and endothelial cells. (2) Immunoreactivity of tTG protein was significantly different between different grades of astrocytomas. (3) Expression intensity of tTG protein in glioma was higher than that in benign brain tumors. (4) Strong expression of tTG protein in tumor cell was obtained around the necrosis foci and apoptotic cells in astrocytomas.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>tTG protein expression contributed to tumor malignant progression in malignant brain tumors.</p>