ABSTRACT
As aldeias Guarani de Angra dos Reis e Paraty possuem abastecimento de água constituído por captaçãodas nascentes, tratamento da água com cloro e/ou filtros e reservatórios de armazenamento. O sistema desaneamento é estruturado por módulos sanitários fornecidos pela Funasa. Para investigar a contaminaçãoambiental por protozoários e helmintos, as amostras de água e de solo das aldeias foram avaliadas pormeio de análises parasitológicas. De quatro aldeias, foram coletadas 24 amostras de água nas captaçõescom cartuchos filtrantes, 24 dos reservatórios de água clorada por sifonação e 64 amostras de solo porraspagem superficial no peridomicílio. Todas as amostras foram analisadas pelas técnicas de centrífugosedimentação,centrífugo-flutuação e ensaio imunoenzimático para Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lambliae Entamoeba histolytica, associando-se à pesquisa de larvas de nematódeos no solo. As aldeias de ParatyMirim e Rio Pequeno apresentaram maior positividade para parasitas nas amostras de água, detectandosecistos de amebídeos e Giardia sp., antígenos de G. lamblia, E. histolytica e Cryptosporidium spp. Foramdetectados ovos de Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., antígenos de Cryptosporidium spp. e E. histolytica nas amostrasde solo da aldeia Sapukai. Esses resultados indicam elevada contaminação ambiental e deficiência notratamento da água que abastece as aldeias Guarani.
Subject(s)
Parasitology , Environmental Pollution , Helminths , Indigenous Peoples , Drinking Water , Water SupplyABSTRACT
This research aimed to describe the frequency of parasites in stool samples in the environment of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. One hundred and five stool samples were collected and processed by the coproparasitological techniques ethyl acetate sedimentation and centrifuge-flotation using saturated sugar solution. Parasites were detected in 81.9% of the samples, hookworm being the most prevalent, followed by Trichuris vulpis. Ascaris sp. eggs were also found. A high level of evolutive forms of parasites with public health risk was found in stool samples of the environment studied. We propose that health education programs, allied to an improvement of human and animal health care, must be employed to reduce the environmental contamination.
O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a frequência de parasitos em amostras fecais coletadas no ambiente da Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Cento e cinco amostras foram coletadas e processadas pelas técnicas coproparasitológicas de sedimentação em acetato de etila e centrifugo-flutuação em solução saturada de sacarose. Foi observada positividade em 81.9% das amostras, sendo ancilostomídeo o parasito mais frequente, seguido de Trichuris vulpis. Ovos de Ascaris sp. também foram detectados. Observou-se elevada frequência de parasitos com importância em saúde pública nas fezes recolhidas no ambiente. Programas de educação em saúde, aliados a atenção dos serviços das saúdes humana e animal, devem ser empregados para redução dos níveis de contaminação ambiental.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Humans , Bathing Beaches , Feces/parasitology , Nematoda/isolation & purification , Soil/parasitology , Brazil , Nematoda/classification , Parasite Egg CountABSTRACT
We present results of the paleoparasitological analysis of Cervidae coprolites that were recovered from the archaeological site Furna do Estrago, Pernambuco, Brazil. Trichuris sp. eggs were recovered from the coprolite samples dated 1,040 ± 50 years before present. This is the first record of Trichuris sp. in semiarid Cervidae, unexpectedly recorded in archaeological material.
Subject(s)
Animals , Fossils , Feces/parasitology , Paleopathology , Trichuris/isolation & purification , BrazilABSTRACT
Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was applied to DNAs extracted from Trichuris trichiura eggs recovered from human fecal samples. Four out of 6 primers tested displayed 18 distinct and well defined polymorphic patterns, ranging from 650 to 3200 base pairs. These results, upon retrieval and DNA sequencing of some of these bands from agarose gels, might help in establishing T. trichiura specific genetic markers, not available yet, and an important step to design primers to be used in molecular diagnosis approaches
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , DNA Primers , DNA, Helminth , Ovum , Trichuriasis , Base Sequence , DNA, Helminth , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel , Genetic Markers , Molecular Sequence Data , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA TechniqueABSTRACT
On the archaeological site of Menez-Dregan in Brittany, France, dated 300,000-500,000 years-old, paleoparasitological analysis of cave deposits led to the detection of well-preserved helminth eggs, which morphology and morphometry pointed to the diagnosis of Toxocara canis eggs, a parasite of carnivore mammals. Paleolithic remains suggested a parasitism of the hyena Crocuta spelaea or other canids that inhabited the region
Subject(s)
Animals , History, Ancient , Archaeology , Toxocara canis , France , Parasite Egg CountABSTRACT
Coprolite samples of human and animal origin from the excavations performed at the archaeological site of Furna do Estrago, at Brejo da Madre de Deus in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil and sent to the Paleoparasitology Laboratory at Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, were analyzed for mites. After rehydratation and sedimentation of the coprolites, the alimentary contents and the sediments were examined and the mites collected and prepared in definitive whole mounts, using Hoyer's medium. Mites of the following suborders and orders were recovered: suborder Acaridia; order Gamasida; order Ixodida with the familiy Ixodidae (Ixodes sp. and Amblyomma sp. larvae, scutum, idiosoma, gnathosoma); order Oribatida (Aphelacarus sp., Apolohmannia sp., Eophypochthonius sp., Cosmochthonius sp., Pterobates sp., Poronoticae with pteromorphae not auriculate); order Astigmata with the families Atopomelidae (Chirodiscoides caviae), Anoetidae hypopus, Acaridae (Suidasia pontifica), Glycyphagidae (Blomia tropicalis), Pyroglyphidae (Hirstia passericola); order Actinedida with the family Tarsonemidae (Iponemus radiatae). The present work discusses the possibility of the preservation of the mite groups found up to the present day. We also discuss their relationship with the environment and their importance to present populations