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1.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 32(supl.1): 13-15, maio 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-554176

ABSTRACT

O transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas alogênico (TCTH alo) após um regime de condicionamento ablativo ou não mieloablativo é um tratamento potencialmente curativo para uma grande variedade de doenças malignas hematológicas e outras desordens não hematológicas. O doador HLA aparentado totalmente compatível continua contribuindo para as melhores taxas de sobrevida global e livre de progressão; contudo, apenas 25 por cento-30 por cento dos candidatos a TCTH alo apresentam um doador aparentado HLA (antígenos leucocitários humanos) compatível. A busca por doadores não aparentados cadastrados nos bancos de medula óssea nacional e internacional demanda tempo, que, a depender da situação clínica da doença do paciente e sua deterioração clínica, não permite a espera. Neste sentido, o transplante com doadores familiares parcialmente compatíveis tem se mostrado uma opção terapêutica. Este artigo revisa a literatura e demonstra a factibilidade desta opção.


Myeloablative or non-myeloablative related allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is a curative treatment in some oncologic and hematologic diseases. Unfortunately, only 25 to 30 percent of patients find a fully matched related donor. National and International donor programs are an option, however, much time is lost and patients can not wait because of their advance disease status or clinical deterioration. Partially matched family donor allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may be an option. This article reviews the literature on this subject.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tissue Donors , Tissue and Organ Procurement , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Family , Histocompatibility
2.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 31(supl.1): 53-58, maio 2009. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519675

ABSTRACT

As células-tronco hematopoéticas (CTH) são células que possuem a capacidade de se autorrenovar e se diferenciar em células especializadas do tecido sanguíneo e do sistema imune. Na medicina, sua importância pode ser evidenciada por seu uso rotineiro do tratamento de doenças onco-hematológicas e imunológicas. A dificuldade de se encontrarem doadores compatíveis de medula óssea tem estimulado a busca por fontes alternativas de CTH, notadamente o sangue de cordão umbilical e placentário (SCUP) e o sangue periférico. O número de unidades de SCUP armazenadas no mundo tem sido crescente desde a década de 1990. Em 2004 foi criada a rede BrasilCord, estabelecendo uma rede nacional de bancos de SCUP com o objetivo de aumentar as chances de localização de doadores e ampliar o número de bancos de SCUP no país. A despeito do baixo volume coletado e do maior tempo necessário para regenerar o tecido hematopoético, as CTH de SCUP vêm em alta concentração sanguínea, sua utilização como fonte de CTH para transplante apresenta menor risco de causar doença enxerto versus hospedeiro e possuem maior facilidade de obtenção do que as CTH provenientes de medula óssea.


Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into specialized blood tissue and immune system cells. In medicine, their importance is evidenced by their routine use in the treatment of onco-hematological and immunologic diseases. The difficulty of finding compatible bone marrow donors has motivated the search for alternative sources of HSC, notably placental/umbilical cord blood (PUCB). The number of PUCB units stored worldwide has been increasing since 1990. In 2004, the BrasilCord network was created, establishing a national network of PUCB banks with the aim of increasing the chances of finding donors and expanding the number of PUCB banks in the country. Despite the small volume collected and the greater amount of time required for the regeneration of the hematopoietic tissue, the blood concentration of HSC in PUCB is higher, their use as a source for HSC for transplantation presents a lower risk of causing graft versus host disease and they are more easily obtained compared to HSC originating from the bone marrow.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Transplantation , Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation , Hematopoietic Stem Cells
3.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 30(5): 352-358, set.-out. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-512147

ABSTRACT

Vinte e dois pacientes consecutivos portadores de leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA) em primeira remissão completa (1ªRC) submetidos a transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas autogênico (TCTH Auto) condicionados com bussulfano e melfalano (Bu/Mel) foram selecionados entre 1993 e 2006. A probabilidade de sobrevida global (SG) pelo método de Kaplan-Meier foi de 57,5% após 36 meses, com "plateau" aos 20 meses após o transplante. Fatores como sexo, classificação Franco-Americana-Britânica (FAB) da LMA, tratamento de indução, consolidação intensiva, remissão após o primeiro ciclo de indução e fonte de células não tiveram impacto na sobrevida. Pela análise citogenética, um paciente de mau prognóstico submetido ao procedimento, foi a óbito um ano após o transplante. Nove pacientes foram a óbito, oito por recidiva e um por hemorragia. Morte antes dos 100 dias ocorreu em dois pacientes, um por recidiva e outro por hemorragia decorrente da plaquetopenia refratária, relacionada ao procedimento. Concluímos que o regime de condicionamento Bu/Mel é opção válida ao uso de outros regimes de condicionamento, apresentando excelente taxa da sobrevida.


Twenty-two consecutive patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission submitted to autologous hematopoietic stem cells transplantation conditioned with busulfan and melphalan were evaluated between 1993 and 2006. The overall survival, according to the Kaplan-Meier curve, was 57.5% at 36 months, with a "plateau" at 20 months after transplant. Factors such as gender, French-American-British (FAB) classification of acute myeloid leukemia, induction therapy, intensive consolidation, remission after the first cycle of induction and source of cells had no impact on survival. One patient with poor prognosis before the procedure died a year after transplantation. Nine patients died, eight by relapse and one because of bleeding. Death before 100 days occurred for two patients, one due to relapse and the other bleeding caused by refractory thrombocytopenia related to the procedure. In conclusion, the conditioning regiment with busulfan and melphalan is a valid option compared to the other conditioning regimens, with an excellent overall survival.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Resistance , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality , Stem Cell Transplantation , Transplantation, Autologous
5.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 30(2): 162-163, mar.-abr. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-496285

ABSTRACT

Invasive aspergillosis is an important cause of mortality in long-term neutropenic patients, particularly after bone marrow (B.M.T.) and solid organ transplantation. More than 90% of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients can be attributed to Candida and Aspergillus. To date, there is no fast, reliable and feasible test for Aspergillus infection detection in routine procedures. In the present report, a nested PCR technique, developed to detect Aspergillus infection, is described. In our study, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative values using this approach were 100%, 94.4%, 83.3%, and 100%, respectively.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aspergillus , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Polymerase Chain Reaction
6.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 28(4): 296-300, out.-dez. 2006. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-456242

ABSTRACT

O linfoma difuso de grandes células B (LDGCB) é uma entidade clínico-patológica heterogênea que corresponde de 30 por cento a 35 por cento dos casos de linfoma não-Hodgkin (LNH). É considerado como agressivo porque a sobrevida é curta na ausência de tratamento adequado. Desde 1993 o tratamento deste linfoma passou a ser direcionado pelo índice internacional de prognóstico (IPI) validado em vários estudos. Entretanto, diante das diferentes respostas à mesma terapêutica para pacientes de mesmo IPI houve necessidade de se instituírem novos marcadores de prognóstico para pacientes com LDGCB. Com os avanços do conhecimento biológico destes linfomas, outras variáveis começam a ser utilizadas na estratificação de risco destes linfomas. Nesta revisão abordamos os principais marcadores biológicos utilizados como fatores de prognóstico para o tratamento de pacientes com LDGCB.


Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a heterogeneous clinical pathological entity which accounts for about 30 percent to 35 percent of all non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases. It is considered to be aggressive due to the patient's short survival time when incorrect treatment is provided. Since 1993, treatment has been carried out according to IPI, which has been validated in several studies. However, since there are different responses from patients with the same IPI submitted to similar therapies, new prognostic markers are needed for these patients. As the biological nature of such lymphomas is becoming better known, other variables are starting to be used in order to stratify risk. In this review we will approach the key biological markers used as prognostic factors to treat diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers, Pharmacological , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse , Biomarkers , Prognosis
7.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 43(3): 163-166, May-June 2001. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-298908

ABSTRACT

We report a case of cutaneous infection caused by Phialemonium curvatum GAMS et COOKE, 1983, after bone marrow transplantation. The genus Phialemonium was created by GAMS & MCGINNIS in 1983 including three new species: Ph. obovatum, Ph. curvatum and Ph. dimorphosporum, and represents an intermediate genus between Acremonium and Phialophora. Nowadays, the genus Phialemonium is considered to be a pheoid fungus which may cause the eventual lesions observed in pheo- and hyalohyphomycosis. Species of this genus have been described as opportunistic agents in humans and animals, mainly as a result of immunosuppression. In the present case, the patient had multiple myeloma and received an allogenic bone marrow transplant from his HLA-compatible brother. Two months after transplantation, he developed purplish and painful nodular lesions on the right ankle. Some of these lesions drained spontaneously and apparently hyaline mycelial filaments were observed, whose culture was initially identified as Acremonium sp. Subsequent studies showed that the fungus was Phialemonium curvatum. The infection was treated with amphotericin B, followed by ketoconazole. The patient was submitted to surgical debridement followed by two skin grafts to repair the bloody area. The duration of the treatment was 4 months and secondary prophylaxis with ketoconazole alone was maintained for one additional month. No recurrence was observed after discontinuation of treatment. The authors comment on the pathogenicity of the genus Phialemonium


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects , Dermatomycoses/microbiology , Mitosporic Fungi/isolation & purification , Opportunistic Infections/complications , Dermatomycoses/drug therapy
8.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 1(1): 27-30, Mar. 1997. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-245582

ABSTRACT

A 400mg dose twice-a-day oral acyclovir prophylaxis regimen was evaluated in 50 allogenic transplant recipients. Twenty (40 percent) patients experienced 24 episodes of herpes simplex virus (HSV) shedding; 17 (70.8 percent) occurring during prophylaxis. Thirteen of such episodes were asymptomatic and, in three, it was difficult to differentiate severe mucositis from viral lesions. In the remaining one, HSV pneumonia was suspected after a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) procedure performed in an attempt to early detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV). All cases responded to acyclovir therapy or dose adjustment suggesting that acyclovir resistance did not account for the occurrence of infection in our patients. These data demonstrated that oral acyclovir prophylaxis, 400mg dose twice-a-day, was inadequate to suppress viral shedding. The bronchoalveolar lavage procedure in a patient with HSV shedding could precipitate HSV spread to the lungs and the occurrence of pneumonia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Acyclovir/therapeutic use , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Herpes Simplex/drug therapy , Herpes Simplex/prevention & control , Simplexvirus/immunology , Transplantation Conditioning , Acyclovir/analogs & derivatives , Administration, Oral , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/virology , Prospective Studies , Transplantation, Homologous
9.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 32(5): 338-45, set.-out. 1990. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-103605

ABSTRACT

De janeiro de 1988 a janeiro de 1989 todos os pacients submetidos a transplante de coraçiao de medula óssea no Instituto do Coraçäo do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Siao Paulo foram estudados quanto à incidência e morbidade das infecçöes pós-transplante causadas por vírus do grupo herpes. Cinco recipientes de medula óssea e 5 transplantados cardíacos foram observados por um período médio de 4.2 meses após o transplante. Todos os pacientes tinham sorologia positiva para citomegalovírus (CMV) antes do transplantee 80% desenvolveram uma ou mais recorrências durante o período de observaçäo. Dos 12 episódios de infecçäo por CMV detectados neste estudo, 83% foram acompanhados por alteraçöes clínicas ou laboratoriais. Apenas um caso apresentou doença grave. A incidência de infecçöes causadas por vírus Herpes simplex (HSV) fossem reprsentadas por lesöes orais ou genitais, houve também umcaso de hepatite por HSV. Um dos 6 episódios de infecçäo, por HSV. Um dos 6 episódios de infecçäo, por HSV que foram tratados com aciclovir näo respondeu ao tratamento. Posteriormente, o paciente se beneficiou com o uso de ganciclovir. Todos os indivíduos apresentavam antes do transplante anticorpos anti-vírus da varicela zoster. Porém, näo houve nenhum caso de reativaçäo. Este estudo realça a importância do cocntrole diagnóstico ativo da infeccöes por herpes-vírus em pacientes transplantados. Tanto as infecçöes causadas por CMV como por HSV mostraram alta incidência e grande mortalidade indicando a necessidade de quimioprofilaxia


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Heart Transplantation , Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis , Immunocompromised Host , Follow-Up Studies , Prospective Studies
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