Neural Correlates of Spatial Navigation in Primate Hippocampus / 神经科学通报·英文版

The hippocampus has been extensively implicated in spatial navigation in rodents and more recently in bats. Numerous studies have revealed that various kinds of spatial information are encoded across hippocampal regions. In contrast, investigations of spatial behavioral correlates in the primate hippocampus are scarce and have been mostly limited to head-restrained subjects during virtual navigation. However, recent advances made in freely-moving primates suggest marked differences in spatial representations from rodents, albeit some similarities. Here, we review empirical studies examining the neural correlates of spatial navigation in the primate (including human) hippocampus at the levels of local field potentials and single units. The lower frequency theta oscillations are often intermittent. Single neuron responses are highly mixed and task-dependent. We also discuss neuronal selectivity in the eye and head coordinates. Finally, we propose that future studies should focus on investigating both intrinsic and extrinsic population activity and examining spatial coding properties in large-scale hippocampal-neocortical networks across tasks.

Application of taking medical students as standardized patients in PBL teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of taking medical students as standardized patients(SSP) on problem based leaming(PBL) teaching in clerkship.Methods Totally 161 students (grade 2008) selected from clinical medical department was divided into PBL group(n=81) and lecture-based learning(LBL) group(n=80).SSP was introduced into PBL teaching and LBL group was taught by LBL.After the clerkship,theory test was conducted in two groups and questionnaire was given to LBL group.Statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS 13.0,measurement data were analyzed by t test and enumeration data were described by frequency and constituent ratio.Results Theory test results showed that the average score of medical record analysis was (37.35 ± 5.95) in PBL group,much higher than (33.25 ± 4.89) in LBL group(P=0.001) ;the total score was (71.20 ± 8.67) in PBL group,much higher than that of (67.79 ± 9.87) in LBL group(P=0.018) as well.The average scores of choice question in 2 groups were (33.85 ± 5.05) and (34.24 ± 6.87),without significant differences(P=0.658).The constituent ratio of answer ‘OK' regarding 10 entries in questionnaire was more than 75％.The constituent ratio of answer ‘OK' regarding 3 entries(SSP matching degree,SSP without implied language or action,stimulating the learning interest) was more than 90％.Conclusions Introducing SSP PBL teaching can improve students' ability of clinical analysis and problem solving but not so effective for the basic theoretical knowledge grasp.SSP could replace standardized patients in PBL teaching.

Therapeutic effects for the treatment of senile hip fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the surgical methods and therapeutic effects for the treatment of senile hip fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2001 to 2006, 136 senility patients (over 75-years-old) were reviewed in the study. Among the patients, 37 patients were male and 99 patients were female, ranging in age from 75 to 97 years, with an average of 78.9 years (6 patients over 90 years, and the highest age was 97 years). All the patients were combined with chronicity internal medicine diseases. Thirty-four patients were treated with non-operative method and other 102 patients were treated with operative method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up for an average of 12 months. In operation group, 9 patients were dead within 1 year, and the mortality was 8.82%. And in non-operation group, 23 patients were dead within 1 year, and the mortality was 67.65%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Operation treatment for senile hip fractures was effective to reduce complications, lower mortality. If the patients can pull through the perioperative period successfully, the quality of life will be enhanced remarkably.</p>