ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the relationship between serum calcium level and blood pressure level in patients presenting with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at East Medical Ward, Department of Medicine Mayo Hospital Lahore. This study was done in six months period from March 10, 2015- Sep 10, 2015. The non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used in this study. Informed consent and demographic information like name, age and address was recorded. Systolic and Diastolic Blood pressure was measured by using standard and absolute sphygmomanometer. 3ml Blood sample of each patient was taken with informed consent and was sent to the laboratory of the hospital to assess serum calcium level [as per operational definition). Reports were assessed and calcium level was recorded. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to measure the relationship between serum calcium level and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. pvalue
Results: In our study the mean age of the patients was 59.42 +/- 11.02 years, 30% patients were males and 70% patients were females. The mean SBP value of the patients was 140.56 +/- 11.35 mmHg and mean DBPvalue was 87.98 +/- 6.11 mmHg. In this study the mean value of calcium level of the patients was 8.22 +/- 1.24 mg/dl. The negative correlation was observed in our study between the calcium level and SBP, DBPof the DM patients i.e. r= -0.665 and -0.401 respectively
Conclusion: The study concluded that negative correlation was observed between the serum calcium level and the blood pressure level in patients presenting with type 2 diabetes mellitus
ABSTRACT
Objective: to determine the frequency of immediate pneumothorax after subclavian venous cannulation
Material and Methods: this clinical trial was carried out in Mayo Hospital in all four medical ward [East, West, North, and South] and Nephrology ward of Mayo Hospital, Lahore during the period from15th March 2013 to 15th September 2013. It was descriptive case series study. A total of 450 cases fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria attending in patient department were selected. After antiseptic preparation of field, local anesthesia was administered. The subclavian vein was punctured at the junction between the middle and inner thirds of the clavicle. Negative pressure was maintained in the syringe to facilitate blood return when the subclavian vein was entered. A J guide-wire was advanced through the cannula to a length of 20 [15-16] cm. A small skin incision was placed at this site for ease of catheter passage. After dilatation, a catheter was inserted and advanced to predetermined point over the guide-wire. The lumen of catheter was sutured to avoid intra cardiac tip displacement and to prevent kinking and accidental withdrawal. Pneumothorax was checked by Chest X-ray taken within four hours of procedure
Results: in our study, 41.56%[n=187] patients were between 30-50 years while 58.44%[n=263] were between 51-70 years, Mean+SD was calculated as 51.92 +/-11.23 years, 57.56%[n=259] male and 42.44%[n=191] were females, frequency of immediate pneumothorax after subclavian venous cannulation was 6.44%[n=29] while 93.56%[n=421] had no findings of the such complications
Conclusion: we concluded that the frequency of immediate pneumothorax among patients with subclavian venous cannulation is in agreement with other studies and not very high. But it is recommended that every patient who undergo with subclavian venous cannulation should be sorted out for pneumothorax. However, it is also required that every setup should have its surveillance in order to know the frequency of this complication