ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Quarantines may exacerbate the presence of emotional symptoms or anxiety. AIM: To explore the relation between time spent in lockdown and development of depressive and anxiety symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A survey including the GAD anxiety and PHQ-9 depression scores was answered online by 1,488 subjects aged 36 ± 14 years (74% women), invited to participate through social networks. Both scores are validated for the Chilean population. RESULTS: Most responders had a private health insurance system. Sixty seven percent had clinically significant depressive symptoms and 39% had anxiety symptoms. Spending four or more weeks of lockdown (quarantine) was associated with 1.6 times higher risk of developing depressive symptoms and 2.9 times higher risk of developing anxiety symptoms. Difficulties in access to health care increased 3.3 times the risk of developing depression. Suffering a respiratory disease increased 2.39 times the risk of developing anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: There was a direct association between depressive and anxious symptoms, and the time spent of quarantine.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Quarantine/psychology , Depression/etiology , Depression/psychology , Depression/epidemiology , Anxiety/epidemiology , Anxiety Disorders , Patient Health QuestionnaireABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: Existe relación entre la enfermedad de Ménière (EM) y los trastornos psiquiátricos. Objetivo: Evaluar si los pacientes con EM presentan mayor prevalencia de comorbilidad depresiva en comparación a lo descrito para la población general nacional. Material y Método: Estudio analítico transversal entre los años 2009-2016, en pacientes del Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau con diagnóstico de EM definitivo. Se aplicó la escala del nivel funcional para EM, tinnitus handicap inventory, test de tamizaje de depresión de Goldberg y una evaluación por psiquiatra. Resultados: Se evaluaron 64 pacientes. Promedio de edad fue 52,5 años. La prevalencia de trastorno depresivo fue 71,8%. De éstos, el 71,7% fue diagnosticado antes del estudio y el 28,3% restante durante el estudio. Conclusión: La prevalencia de comorbilidad depresiva en la EM es mayor que la descrita para la población general nacional. Determinar si la EM es la causante de esta prevalencia, o cada uno de sus síntomas por separado, requerirá de nuevos estudios.
Abstract Introduction: There is a relationship between Ménière's disease (MD) and psychiatric disorders. Aim: To assess whether MD patients have a higher prevalence of depressive comorbidity compared to that described for the national general population. Material and Method: Cross-sectional analytical study between 2009-2016, for patients seen at the Department of Otolaryngology at the Barros Luco Trudeau Hospital with a definitive MD diagnosis. The functional level scale was applied for MD, tinnitus handicap inventory, Goldberg screening for depression, and an evaluation by a psychiatrist. Results: 64 patients were evaluated. Average age was 52.5 years. The prevalence of depressive disorder was 71.8%. Of these, 71.7% were diagnosed before the study and the remaining 28.3% during the study. Conclusion: The prevalence of depressive comorbidity in MD is higher than that described for the national general population. Determine if MD or each symptom separately is the cause of this prevalence requires other studies.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: el trasplante combinado de hígado y riñón (CLK) ha mostrado ser una buena alternativa para pacientes con diagnóstico concomitante de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y enfermedad hepática terminal. Algunos estudios han mostrado además un beneficio inmunológico del trasplante combinado, con disminución de la tasa de rechazo del injerto renal. Objetivo: describir las indicaciones y los resultados clínicos en receptores de trasplante CLK en un hospital de alta complejidad. Materiales y métodos: se seleccionaron los pacientes con trasplante CLK del registro institucional de trasplante (TRENAL) entre 2000 y 2011. Se describieron las características demográficas y clínicas y se estimó la sobrevida de los pacientes y de los injertos con el método Kaplan Meier. Resultados: en un período de 11 años, se realizaron 16 trasplantes CLK. Esto corresponde al 1.51% de los trasplantes de riñón y al 3.48% de los trasplantes de hígado hechos en la institución durante el mismo periodo de tiempo. La mayoría de los receptores fueron de sexo masculino (10/16). La mediana de la edad fue 56.5 años. La mediana del MELD fue de 17 (RIQ: 12.5-20.5, Rango 8-24). El diagnóstico hepático más frecuente fue cirrosis por NASH (4/16). Todos los pacientes tenían diagnóstico de ERC, en 4 casos secundaria a diabetes mellitus. Las indicaciones más comunes del trasplante fueron ascitis de difícil manejo, encefalopatía recurrente y desnutrición. El tiempo promedio de isquemia en frío del hígado fue de 7,3 horas, y del riñón 9,6 horas. La sobrevida de los pacientes y de los injertos hepático y renal fue de 87,5% al año y 67,3% a los 5 años. Cuatro pacientes murieron, 2 casos como consecuencia de sepsis y otros 2 por malignidad. Conclusión: el trasplante CLK en la Fundación Valle del Lili tiene resultados clínicos satisfactorios y comparables a los reportados en otros centros.
Introduction: Combined liver and kidney transplantation (CLK) has been shown to be a good alternative for patients with concomitant diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage liver disease. Some studies have also shown immunological benefits from combined transplantation with decreased rates of kidney graft rejection. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the indications and clinical outcomes of CLK transplant recipients in a highly complex hospital. Materials and Methods: CLK transplant patients were selected from the institutional transplant registry (Trenal) from 2000 to 2011. Demographic and clinical characteristics were described and survival of patients and grafts were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Over a period of 11 years, 16 CLK transplants were performed. This was 1.51% of kidney transplants and 3.48% of liver transplants done in the institution during this period. Most recipients were male (10/16). The median age was 56.5 years. The median MELD was 17 (IQR: 12.5 to 20.5, range: 8 to 24). The most frequent diagnosis was liver cirrhosis due to NASH (4/16). All patients had been diagnosed with CKD: four cases were secondary to diabetes mellitus. The most common indications for transplants were difficult to manage ascites, recurrent encephalopathy and malnutrition. The average liver cold ischemia time was 7.3 hours, and the average kidney cold ischemia time 9.6 hours. The five-year liver graft survival rate was 87.5%, and the five-year kidney graft survival rate was 67.3%. Four patients died: two as the result of sepsis and two as the result of malignancy. Conclusion: CLK transplantation results at the Fundación Valle del Lili have been satisfactory and comparable to those reported by other transplant centers.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Graft Rejection , Kidney Transplantation , Liver Transplantation , Survival , End Stage Liver Disease , Renal Insufficiency, ChronicABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: analizar el comportamiento sexual y factores biodemográficos asociados a infecciones de transmisión sexual. MÉTODOS: estudio caso-control, realizado en el Hospital San José de Coronel Chile, en el año 2007. En una muestra de 100 mujeres, entre 15 y 34 años de edad, 50 usuarias con ITS y 50 sin ITS. Se aplicó un instrumento auto-administrado, para variables socioculturales y de comportamiento sexual, se aplicaron las pruebas de ÷² y ƒ fisher. RESULTADOS: hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables edad de inicio de las relaciones sexuales, número de parejas sexuales, uso de preservativo y conocimientos sobre el carácter contagioso de las ITS. Las principales infecciones fueron condilomatosis acuminada (HPV) 52 % y sífilis (25 %). CONCLUSIONES: la conducta sexual de riesgo y la escasa información sobre el contagio son factores asociados a las infecciones de transmisión sexual.
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the sexual behavior and biodemography factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). METHODS: case-control study conducted at the San Jose de Coronel Hospital, Chile, in 2007. In a sample of 100 women between 15 and 34 years old, 50 with STIs and 50 without STIs, a self-administered instrument was applied for sociocultural and sexual behaviour variables. The ?2 and Fisher's tests were used. RESULTS: there were statistically significant differences at the age of initiating sexual relations, the number of sexual partners, the use of condom, and the knowledge about the contagious nature of STIs. Major infections were acuminated condyloma (HPV) 52% and syphilis (25%). CONCLUSIONS: the risk sexual behavior and the poor information about the infection are factors associated with sexually transmitted infections.
ABSTRACT
The present study was carried out in order to compare the effects of administration of organic (methylmercury, MeHg) and inorganic (mercury chloride, HgCl 2 ) forms of mercury on in vivo dopamine (DA) release from rat striatum. Experiments were performed in conscious and freely moving female adult Sprague-Dawley (230-280 g) rats using brain microdialysis coupled to HPLC with electrochemical detection. Perfusion of different concentrations of MeHg or HgCl 2 (2 muL/min for 1 h, N = 5-7/group) into the striatum produced significant increases in the levels of DA. Infusion of 40 muM, 400 muM, or 4 mM MeHg increased DA levels to 907 ± 31, 2324 ± 156, and 9032 ± 70 percent of basal levels, respectively. The same concentrations of HgCl 2 increased DA levels to 1240 ± 66, 2500 ± 424, and 2658 ± 337 percent of basal levels, respectively. These increases were associated with significant decreases in levels of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovallinic acid. Intrastriatal administration of MeHg induced a sharp concentration-dependent increase in DA levels with a peak 30 min after injection, whereas HgCl 2 induced a gradual, lower (for 4 mM) and delayed increase in DA levels (75 min after the beginning of perfusion). Comparing the neurochemical profile of the two mercury derivatives to induce increases in DA levels, we observed that the time-course of these increases induced by both mercurials was different and the effect produced by HgCl 2 was not concentration-dependent (the effect was the same for the concentrations of 400 muM and 4 mM HgCl 2 ). These results indicate that HgCl 2 produces increases in extracellular DA levels by a mechanism differing from that of MeHg.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Corpus Striatum/drug effects , Dopamine , Mercuric Chloride/pharmacology , Methylmercury Compounds/pharmacology , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Corpus Striatum , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Electrochemistry , Homovanillic Acid/metabolism , Microdialysis , Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Time FactorsABSTRACT
La reacción de hipersensibilidad a las sulfonamidas como una enfermedad dermatológica, con lesiones morbiliformes luego de tratamiento oral con trimetropin sulfametoxazol forte en un paciente adulto mayor.
Subject(s)
Erythema Multiforme , Skin Diseases , Stevens-Johnson SyndromeABSTRACT
Sea anemones are a rich source of biologically active substances. In crayfish muscle fibers, Bunodosoma cangicum whole venom selectively blocks the I K(Ca) currents. In the present study, we report for the first time powerful hemolytic and neuroactive effects present in two different fractions obtained by gel-filtration chromatography from whole venom of B. cangicum. A cytolytic fraction (Bcg-2) with components of molecular mass ranging from 8 to 18 kDa elicited hemolysis of mouse erythrocytes with an EC50 = 14 æg/ml and a maximum dose of 22 æg/ml. The effects of the neuroactive fraction, Bcg-3 (2 to 5 kDa), were studied on isolated crab nerves. This fraction prolonged the compound action potentials by increasing their duration and rise time in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was evident after the washout of the preparation, suggesting the existence of a reversible substance that was initially masking the effects of an irreversible one. In order to elucidate the target of Bcg-3 action, the fraction was applied to a tetraethylammonium-pretreated preparation. An additional increase in action potential duration was observed, suggesting a blockade of a different population of K+ channels or of tetraethylammonium-insensitive channels. Also, tetrodotoxin could not block the action potentials in a Bcg-3-pretreated preparation, suggesting a possible interaction of Bcg-3 with Na+ channels. The present data suggest that B. cangicum venom contains at least two bioactive fractions whose activity on cell membranes seems to differ from the I K(Ca) blockade described previously
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Brachyura/drug effects , Cnidarian Venoms/pharmacology , Hemolysis/drug effects , Neurotoxins/pharmacology , Sea Anemones , Analysis of Variance , Chromatography, Gel , Cnidarian Venoms/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
La investigación presentada en un estudio descriptivo-cualitativo, transversal, en el área de promoción de la salud, en donde con el modelo de Pender se relacionan los Factores Cognitivos-Perceptivos: (Importancia de la salud, percepción del autocuidado en la promoción de la salud, conceptualización de la salud, percepción de los beneficios de las conductas promotoras de salud); y los Factores Modificantes: (edad, sexo y educación) con las Conductas Promotoras de Salud: (higiene personal y de la vivienda, alimentación, atención médica, ejercicio físico y recreación). La muestra estuvo conformada por 160 habitantes de 15 a 50 años, de ambos géneros en las comunidades de Monterrey y La Vega San Antonio, Distrito Sanitario Nº 1, Mérida, Venezuela, en los meses comprendidos entre enero y junio de 1998. Se encontró que no existe una asociación en dichas variables, dando relevancia para la implementación de estrategias de intervención en cuanto a educación y promoción de la salud, para hacer a la población más consciente de la información que maneja y de su conducta
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cognition , Health , Health Behavior , Health Services Accessibility/trends , Health PromotionABSTRACT
Demonstrou-se que algumas proteínas do Toxoplasma gondii são reconhecidas pelos anticorpos IgG, IgM e IgA em pacientes com toxoplasmose aguda e crônica. A cepa e o estágio do protozoário interferem na diferença. Sessenta e nove soros de indivíduos imunocompetentes foram submetidos à pesquisa de anticorpos pela técnica de Western-Blot, sendo 20 dos soros provenientes de pacientes com infecção aguda e 29 de infecção crônica de toxoplasmose e 20 sem doença (soronegativos). A análise das proteínas reveladas pelos anticorpos IgG e IgM foi feita pelo método de Inmunoplot com a finalidade de se conhecer a freqüência de reconhecimento (f), e serem valorizados como marcadores de infecção. Na fase aguda os anticorpos IgM apresentaram uma freqüência de reconhecimento (f = 0.60) para a proteína de 60kDa. Na fase crônica, os anticorpos IgG apresentaram (f = 0.68) para a proteína de 12kDa. Soronegativos não revelaram nenhuma informação. A proteína de 12kDa pode ser um marcador diagnóstico da fase crônica, e a proteína de 60kDa pode ser um marcador diagnóstico da fase aguda da toxoplasmose.
Some proteins of the Toxoplasma gondii are recognized by IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies in patients with acute and chronic toxoplasmosis, depending on the strain and stage of the Toxoplasma. Sixty-nine sera from immunocompetent individuals were studied through the Western-Blot Test: 20 has an acute infection, 29 has a chronic toxoplasmosis infection and 20 were healthy (seronegatives). The protein analysis revealed by IgG and IgM antibodies were performed through the immunoplot method in order to know their recognition frequency (f) and be valued as infection markers. In the acute phase, the IgM antibodies showed a recognition frequency (f = 0.60) for the 60 kDa protein, and in the chronic phase the IgG antibodies showed a recognition frequency (f = 0.68) for the 12 kDa protein. Seronegatives revealed no type of band. The protein of 12 kDa can be a diagnostic marker of the chronic phase while protein 60 kDa of the acute phase of toxoplasmosis.
Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Antigens, Protozoan/blood , Toxoplasma/immunology , Toxoplasmosis/blood , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Serologic TestsABSTRACT
Domoic acid (DOM), 1 to 50 µM, a glutamate agonist responsible for several neurological effects such as loss of memory and confusion, induced the death of cultured neurons of chick embryonic retina, in a concentration- and Ca2+ -dependent manner. This effect was blocked by 100 µM CNQX, a competitive antagonist of the non-NMDA receptor, but not by 10 µM MK-801, a non-competitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor. DOM also induced inositol triphosphate (ip3) accumulation 4 to 7 times above basal levels. This effect was also dependent on external Ca2+ and was entirely blocked by 100 µM CNQX, but not by 10 µM MK-801. These results suggest that DOM interaction with non-NMDA glutamate receptors mediates signal transduction with ip3 accumulation and cell death
Subject(s)
Chick Embryo , Kainic Acid/toxicity , Neurons , Receptors, Kainic Acid , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate , Retina/cytology , Kainic Acid/pharmacology , Calcium/pharmacology , Cell Death/drug effects , Inositol/pharmacology , Microscopy, FluorescenceABSTRACT
Se estudiaron 63 pacientes hirsutas ingresadas en la sala de endocrinologia clinica del IEEM, 36 con poliquistosis ovarica (PO) y 27 hirsutas constitucionales (HC).Las PO mostraron una menor inhibicion de los 17 OH, 17 Cs y Ptriol durante las pruebas de inhibicion adrenal con Dxm (p< 0,05). Las hirsutas con PO tenian una mayor excrecion de Ptriol en condiciones basales y durante la estimulacion ovarica con HCG (p < 0,05). La eliminacion de E y de las fracciones 11 ceto y A de los 17 Cs fue similar en ambos grupos. La excrecion de la fraccion DHA fue mayor en las HC en condiciones basales y durante la estimulacion adrenal con ACTH (p < 0,05).Se observo un incremento mayor de la fraccion Et durante la estimulacion ovarica con HCG en las pacientes con PO (p < ,05). A pesar de las diferencias encontradas en la eliminacion de compuestos esteroideco entre las pacientes con PO y las HC, consideradas como grupo, existio una gran variabilidad y solamiento en los resultados de las pruebas que hacen dificil precisar, en casos particulares, la existencia o no de poliquistosis ovarica por los resultados de estas pruebas