ABSTRACT
Introducción:la eritrocitosis excesiva afecta a los habitantes de grandes alturas como La Paz, Bolivia, a 3600 msnm. El objetivo del pre-sente trabajo es determinar la existencia de hipertensión arterial pulmonar en pacientes fumadores con eritrocitosis excesiva, residentes de la gran altura entre 20 y 60 años de edad, casos estudiados en el Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA) a lo largo de tres décadas.Materiales y métodos:estudio retrospectivo en el que revisamos sistemáticamente expedientes clínicos del IBBA. Se hallan 540 expedientes clínicos de la unidad de fisiología y fisiopatología respiratoria, de los cuales el 7% (30) fueron incluidos. Se buscaron correlaciones lineales entre edad, tabaquismo, hemoglobina sérica, altitud de residencia, presión arterial pulmonar y pruebas de fun-ción pulmonar. Resultados: existe correlación entre presión arterial pulmonar sistólica y hemoglobina sérica con R=0,579 (p=0,005). El índice de Tiffeneau (TIFF.O) tiene una correlación con la presión arterial media sistémica (PAM) (p=0,006). Conclusión: en pacientes con eritrocitosis excesiva fumadores residentes de grandes alturas, existe una correlación positiva entre presión arterial pulmonar sistólica y concentración de hemoglobina sin existir correlación con valores espirométricos que sugieran patrones obstructivos.
Introduction: Excessive erythrocytosis affects some people that live at high altitudes, such as in La Paz Bolivia, 3600 meters above sea level. The objective of this paper is to determine the presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in smokers that were diagnosed with excessive erythrocytosis. These smokers live at high altitudes. The Bolivian Institute of Altitude Biology (IBBA Instituto Boliviano de Bio-logía de Altura) has studied this population for three decades. Materials and methods: Retrospective study in which we systematically reviewed IBBA's clinical records. We found 540 clinical records from the respiratory physiology and pathophysiology unit, from which we included 30 (7%). We also sought correlations between serum hemoglobin, pulmonary arterial pressure, and respiratory function tests. Results: we found that the correlation between systolic pulmonary artery pressure and serum hemoglobin is R = 0.579 (p = 0.005). We also found a strong correlation between the Tiffeneau index (TIFF.O) and the mean systemic arterial pressure (p = 0.005). Conclusion: in smokers diagnosed with excessive erythrocytosis that live at high altitudes, there is a correlation between systolic pulmonary arterial pressure and hemoglobin concentration, without any of them correlating with spirometry values that suggest an obstructive pattern.
ABSTRACT
Chloroform extract (CE) and fractions obtained from Aldama arenaria roots were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against 10 human tumor cell lines [leukemia (K-562), breast (MCF-7), ovary expressing a multidrug-resistant phenotype (NCI/ADR-RES), melanoma (UACC-62), lung (NCI-H460), prostate (PC-3), colon (HT29), ovary (OVCAR-3), glioma (U251), and kidney (786-0)]. CE presented weak to moderate antiproliferative activity (mean log GI50 1.07), whereas fractions 3 and 4, enriched with pimaranetype diterpenes [ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid and ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-3ß-ol], presented moderate to potent activity for most cell lines, with mean log GI50 of 0.62 and 0.59, respectively. The results showed promising in vitro antiproliferative action of the samples obtained from A. arenaria, with the best results for NCI/ADR-RES, HT29, and OVCAR-3, and TGI values ranging from 5.95 to 28.71 µg.ml -1, demonstrating that compounds of this class may be potential prototypes for the discovery of new therapeutic agents.
El extracto de cloroformo (CE) y las fracciones obtenidas de las raíces de Aldama arenaria fueron evaluadas por su actividad antiproliferativa in vitro contra 10 líneas celulares tumorales humanas [leucemia (K-562), mama (MCF-7), ovario que expresa un fenotipo resistente a múltiples fármacos (NCI/ADR-RES), melanoma (UACC-62), pulmón (NCI-H460), próstata (PC-3), colon (HT29), ovario (OVCAR-3), glioma (U251) y riñón (786-0)]. CE presentó actividad antiproliferativa débil a moderada (log GI50 promedio de 1.07), mientras que las fracciones 3 y 4, enriquecidas con diterpenos de tipo pimarane [ent-pimara-8 (14), ácido 15-dien-19-oico y ent-8 (14), 15-pimaradien-3ß-ol], presentaron actividad moderada a potente para la mayoría de las líneas celulares, con un log GI50 promedio de 0.62 y 0.59, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron una prometedora acción antiproliferativa in vitro de las muestras obtenidas de A. arenaria, con los mejores resultados para NCI/ADR-RES, HT29 y OVCAR-3, y valores de TGI que van desde 5.95 a 28.71 µg.ml -1, lo que demuestra que los compuestos de esta clase pueden ser prototipos potenciales para el descubrimiento de nuevos agentes terapéuticos.
Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Chloroform , Plectranthus/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , In Vitro Techniques , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Ethnobotany , Cuba , Diterpenes/pharmacology , Diterpenes/chemistryABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) infection is usually acquired in childhood in endemic areas, leading to Chagas disease, which progresses to Chagas cardiomyopathy in 20-30% of infected individuals over decades. The pathogenesis of Chagas cardiomyopathy involves the host inflammatory response to T. cruzi, in which upstream caspase-1 activation prompts the cascade of inflammatory chemokines/cytokines, cardiac remodeling, and myocardial dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of two caspase-1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with cardiomyopathy. METHODS: We recruited infected (Tc+, n = 149) and uninfected (Tc−, n = 87) participants in a hospital in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Cardiac status was classified (I, II, III, IV) based on Chagas cardiomyopathy-associated electrocardiogram findings and ejection fractions on echocardiogram. Genotypes were determined using Taqman probes via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of peripheral blood DNA. Genotype frequencies were analyzed according to three inheritance patterns (dominant, recessive, additive) using logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: The AA allele for the caspase-1 SNP rs501192 was more frequent in Tc+ cardiomyopathy (classes II, III, IV) patients compared to those with a normal cardiac status (class I) [odds ratio (OR) = −2.18, p = 0.117]. This trend approached statistical significant considering only Tc+ patients in class I and II (OR = −2.64, p = 0.064). CONCLUSIONS: Caspase-1 polymorphisms may play a role in Chagas cardiomyopathy development and could serve as markers to identify individuals at higher risk for priority treatment.