Oral Manifestations of Chronic Renal Disease

Chronic Renal Disease is a Global Health Problem which has multiple clinical features which are problematic to the patient, reduces their life expectancy and changes their way of living. It is mainly comprised of hematuria, proteinuria and progressive loss of kidney function. If it reaches end-stage that means there is 90% loss of the kidney function. At times, it also gives rise to oral manifestations which are misdiagnosed and as a result go untreated. This review article deals with the oral manifestations of Chronic Renal Disease so that proper awareness of this problem can be met among Dentists as well.

Synthesis, Characterization and α- Glucosidase Inhibition of Some Copper, Cobalt, Nickel and Zinc Complexes with N – Methylethylenediamine.

Aims: The aim of current study to examine percentage inhibition of α-glucosidase by synthesized metal complexes. Study Design: The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity assay was performed by Tripathi et al. method with minor modification Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Science and Environment and Department of Physical Sciences, between June 2009 and July 2010. Methodology: In the present work we have synthesized metal [Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II)] complexes with N - methylethylenediamine. We synthesized total twelve metal complexes by various salts i.e. nitrate, sulphate and chloride of copper, cobalt, nickel and zinc. Synthesized metal complexes characterized via IR spectroscopy and cyclovoltametry. We examined percentage inhibition of α-glucosidase by synthesized metal complexes. IC50 value of metal complexes was also calculated. Results: All twelve complexes possess α-glucosidase inhibition activity, among them [Co (men)3]2NO3 have the highest α-glucosidase inhibition, having IC50 value 900 µg/ml and [Ni (men)3]2Cl have the lowest α-glucosidase inhibition, having IC50 value 2533.21 µg/ml. Conclusion: Diabetes is a proven and inherited type of disorder transition metal ions are essential nutrients to all forms of life. Iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt and nickel all have unique chemical and physical properties that make them useful metals for biological systems so this type of approach may be useful. We have done in-vitro study; however, need further work to validate reliability.