ABSTRACT
An analytical method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography with positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) was developed and validated for the determination of therapeutic peptide desmopressin in human plasma. A desmopressin stable labeled isotope (desmopressin d8) was used as an internal standard. Analyte and the internal standard were extracted from 200 μL of human plasma via solid-phase extraction technique using Oasis WCX cartridges. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Aquity UPLC HSS T3 column by using a gradient mixture of methanol and 1 mM ammonium formate buffer as the mobile phase. The calibration curve obtained was linear (r2≥0.99) over the concentration range of 1.01–200 pg/mL. Method validation was performed as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The results of the intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy studies were well within the acceptable limits. The proposed method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies in humans.
ABSTRACT
Our aim is to evaluate the effect of petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of stem of Musa paradisiaca Linn (Musaceae) on the estrous cycle and to identify the estrogenic activity of most active ethanol extract in female albino rats. Plant extracts were tested for antifertility activity in female albino rats at two dose level 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. The effective ethanol extract were further studied on estrogenic activity in rats. Histological studies of the uterus were carried out to confirm their estrogenic activity. The result of study revealed that the treatment of rats with extract of M. paradisiaca Linn at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for five days cause a prolonged diestrous stage of the estrous cycle with consequent temporary inhibition of ovulation. The ethanol extract was most effective in interrupting the normal cycle of rats (P< 0.05<0.01<0.001). This later exhibited prolonged diestrous stage of the estrous cycle with consequent temporary inhibition of ovulation. The antiovulatory activity was reversible on discontinuation of treatment. The ethanol extract showed significant estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity. All findings suggest that the antifertility activity of ethanol extract of M. paradisiaca Linn.
ABSTRACT
Ayurveda, which is the oldest health system in the world, appreciates and uses amla to treat a host of diseases and promote positive health. Amla [Emblica officinalis, or emblic myrobalan], is called amalaki in Sanskrit. It is extensively used as a rejuvenator in ayurveda. It is also used widely in combination with other two [chebulic and belleric] myrobalans [fruit-bearing plant species] as triphala. Amla is indeed, the key ingredient in the popular ayurvedic recipe, Chyavanaprasha. More than anything, it may be called as "King of Rasayana" [rejuvenation], owing to its multiple health benefits. Phyllanthus emblica or Indian gooseberry (Amla) possesses a vastethnomedical history and represents a phytochemical reservoir of heuristic medicinal value. It is one of the oldest oriental medicines mentioned in Ayurveda as potential remedy for various ailments. The fruit is rich in quercetin, phyllaemblic compounds, gallic acid, tannins, flavonoids, pectin and vitamin C and also contains various polyphenolic compounds. A wide range of phytochemical components including terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins have been shown to posses’ useful biological activities. Many pharmacological studies have demonstrated the ability of the fruit shows antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antitumour, antigenotoxic, antiinflammatory activities, supporting its traditional uses. In this review, we have focused our interest on phytochemistry, traditional uses, cancer chemopreventive activity of Phyllanthus emblica both in vivo and in vitro. In view of its reported pharmacological properties and relative safety, P. emblica could be a source of therapeutically useful products.
ABSTRACT
India has a great wealth of various naturally occurring plant drugs which have great potential pharmacological activities. Datura stramonium (D. stramonium) is one of the widely well known folklore medicinal herbs. The troublesome weed, D. stramonium is a plant with both poisonous and medicinal properties and has been proven to have great pharmacological potential with a great utility and usage in folklore medicine. D. stromonium has been scientifically proven to contain alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrates and proteins. This plant has contributed various pharmacological actions in the scientific field of Indian systems of medicines like analgesic and antiasthmatic activities. The present paper presents an exclusive review work on the ethnomedical, phytochemical, pharmacological activities of this plant.