Serum interleukins and urinary microglobulin in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

We studied 60 children affected with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome [INS] plus 20 age and sex matched controls. The children with INS were divided into 3 groups of 20: first presentation, remission and relapse. A complete blood picture and complete urinalysis were done. Serum interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor [TNF] and quantitative urinary beta-2-microglobulin [beta-2-m] excretion were estimated. IL-1beta and IL-6 were significantly higher in the study groups, the first presentation and relapse groups having the highest concentrations. Serum TNF concentration and urinary beta-2-m excretion were significantly higher in the first presentation and relapse groups. Serum IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF concentrations were able to select positively [100%] the first presentation and relapse groups, while these plus urinary beta-2-m excretion selected negatively [100%] the control group

study of the occurrence of obesity and some risk factors among primary school children in Assiut governorate

The school age period is one of the apparent feeding problems.Over weight and obesity may soon cause as much preventable disease. The obesity rates have been accelerated dramatically in the past 20 years, in conjunction with a nation trend toward sedentary lifestyles. Estimating the prevalence of overweight and obesity is a preliminary step to build up the prevention and control strategies of obesity. The aims of this study is to assess the occurrence of obesity among primary school children in Assiut, and determine some of it is risk factors. The study was conducted in 11 primary school in Assiut Governorate [both urban and rural areas]. Cross sectional study was used. The total sample included 1000 pupil from primary schools. They were divided into two groups; first group [562 pupil from urban areas] and second group [438 pupil from rural areas]. They were 717 pupil from governmental schools and 283 pupil from private schools. The pupil's age ranged from 6 to 12 years. They were 571 males and 429 females. Data were collected through interviewing pupils individually using a developed questionnaire sheet. Measurements of weight and height were done for each child individually at school using a scale, and non-stretchable tape and body mass index was calculated. The results revealed that the occurrence of obesity and overweight were [6.4% and 16.3% respectively] and more than half of them [53.6%] had family history of obesity, also all parameters are significant predisposing factors except for sex and scholastic level and also there were significant relations between obesity and taking dinner, eating in front of T. V, and increase eating during stress [P < 0.000, 0.013 and 0.038 repectively]. Further more overweight and obesity were significantly more frequent in urban than in rural localities and in private than in governmental schools. Also they were more frequent in children of illiterate than literate parents. From this work it is to recommend increasing physical activity and practical nutritional knowledge through education programs in the school curriculum, encouragement of physical activity during school days and periodic follow up for overweight and obese children by the school physicians and school nurses to avoid future pathological insults and handicaps

Effect of health education and training program for secondary school students on menstruation at Assiut Governorate

Menstruation is a normal cyclic physiological event signifying the reproductive years in the human female. Early preparation for menstruation is important for future childbearing and for a girl's concept of her self as a woman. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of health education and training program for secondary school students on menstruation and menstrual hygiene. The study was carried out in urban and rural areas in Assiut Distirct, Urban area in Asuit City [El-Kayate secondary girls school], rural area in Mosha village [Mosha secondary girls school]. Sample of the study included 100 secondary school students aged 15-17 years from the urban and rural areas. They were divided into two groups: First group included 50 students from urban area and other 50 students from rural area. The systematic random approach was used. The program was applied to the 100 students. Evaluation of the knowledge and practices before [pre - test], immediate after the implementation of the program [post-test], and after three months [follow - up test] through the same predesigned questionnaire and check list was conducted to estimate the student's knowledge and practice. The results revealed that all students had poor knowledge scores, while about two third [59.0%] of them had poor practices scores and showed highly statistical differences between the pretest and the post-test and between the pre - test and the follow - up test related to total knowledge and practices scores [P= 0.000]. The study recommended that education about menstruation and menstrual hygiene should be included in elementary school curricula and adequate books and magazine, which include materials related to menstruation and menstrual hygiene, should be available to the preparatory school students