Staphylococcus aureus derived hyaluronic acid and bacillus Calmette-Guérin purified proteins as immune enhancers to rabies vaccine and related immuno-histopathological alterations

Purpose@#One of the essential goals regarding the successful control of rabies infection is the development of a safe, effective, and inexpensive vaccine. the current study aimed to evaluate the inactivation potential of β-propiolactone (βPL), binary ethyleneimine (BEI), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). @*Materials and Methods@#Estimating the inactivation kinetics of βPL, BEI, and H2O2 revealed that the tested inactivants could completely and irreversibly inactivate rabies virus within 2, 12, and 4 hours, respectively while maintaining its viral immunogenicity. The potency of βPL, BEI, and H2O2 inactivated vaccines was higher than the World Health Organization acceptance limit and were in the order of 3.75, 4.21, and 3.64 IU/mL, respectively. Monitoring the humoral and cellular immunity elicited post-immunization using Staphylococcus aureus derived hyaluronic acid (HA) and bacillus Calmette-Guérin purified protein derivative (PPD) adjuvanted rabies vaccine candidates were carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @*Results@# @*Results@#demonstrated that both adjuvants could progressively enhance the release of anti-rabies total immunoglobulin G as well as the pro-inflammatory mediators (interferon-gamma and interleukin-5) relative to time. However, a higher immune response was developed in the case of HA adjuvanted rabies vaccine compared to PPD adjuvanted one. The harmful consequences of the tested adjuvants were considered via investigating the histopathological changes in the tissues of the immunized rats using hematoxylin and eosin stain. Lower adverse effects were observed post-vaccination with HA and PPD adjuvanted vaccines compared to that detected following administration of the currently used alum as standard adjuvant. @*Conclusion@#Our findings suggested that HA and PPD could serve as a promising platform for the development of newly adjuvanted rabies vaccines with elevated immune enhancing potentials and lower risk of health hazards.

Protective and curative effect of thymoquinone on ehrlich solid carcinoma inoculated mice

Thymoquinone [TQ], the main constituents of the volatile oil from Nigella sativa seeds and it is reported to protect laboratory animals against chemical toxicity and induction of carcinogenesis. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential protective and curative effect of TQ on Ehrlich solid carcinoma cells [ESC] inoculated mice-induced carcinogenesis. [50] Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups. Control group, Thymoquonone group: animals of this group were orally treated with TQ [10 mg/kg/day] for 4 weeks, Ehrlich Carcinoma group: animals of this group were inoculated intramuscularly with 0.2mL Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma [2.5×10[6] cells] in the right thigh of the lower limb, Thymoquinone and Ehrlich carcinoma group: animals of this group were pre-treated with TQ for 14 days then inoculated with [EAC] and Ehrlich Carcinoma and Thymoquinone group: in this group animals were inoculated with EAC then after 8 days received TQ orally for a month. Morphological, Molecular as well as histopathological and ultrastructural changes were examined. Our results revealed that TQ showed a significant anti-tumor activity in ESC bearing mice represented by a reduction in tumor weight and volume. Flow cytometric analysis illustrated that the level of apoptosis is significantly decreased in ESC inoculated group. Otherwise, TQ+ESC and ESC+TQ groups showed a highly significant increase in apoptosis G0/1 peak. The level of P53 protein expression showed a significant decrease in ESC inoculated group, and this decrease was ameliorated in TQ+ESC and ESC+TQ groups when compared to ESC inoculated group. Histopathological observations showed a reduction in tumor size after treatment with Thymoquinone and this tumor was found to be discontinuous and fragmented with slowly growing. Our results revealed that TQ has potential benefits in the prevention of the onset and progression of solid tumor model in mice

Assessment of the role of cone beam computed sialography in diagnosing salivary gland lesions

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess cone-beam computed (CBCT) sialography imaging in the detection of different changes associated with lesions of salivary glands. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study consisted of 8 cases with signs and symptoms from salivary gland lesions. Conventional sialography using digital panoramic and lateral oblique radiographs and CBCT sialography were performed for each subject. The radiographs were evaluated by 3 radiologists independently of each other. The results were compared between conventional sialography and CBCT sialography in the evaluation of various lesions associated with the salivary glands. RESULTS: There was an agreement between the radiologists in interpreting the lesions that affected salivary glands with both techniques. The detection of the presence of stones or filling defects, stenosis, ductal evagination, dilatation, and space occupying lesions was 83% for conventional sialography compared with CBCT sialography. CBCT sialography was superior to conventional sialography in revealing stones, stenosis, and strictures, especially in the second and third order branches. CONCLUSION: It would be advisable to perform CBCT sialography in cases of obstructive salivary gland diseases for better demonstration of the ductal system of the gland.

Phytochemical and biological study of the aerial parts of lotus lalambensis growing in Saudi Arabia

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Lotus lalambensis Schweinf resulted in the isolation and identification of 20 known compounds. Liquid-Liquid fractionation of the crude extract followed by chromatographic purification resulted in the isolation of lupeol, beta-sitosterol, oleanolic acid, beta-sitosterol glucoside and stigmasterol glucoside from the petroleum ether fraction. The chloroform fraction afforded heptadecanol, kaempferol [1], kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside [2], lotaustralin [3], epilotaustralin [4], linamarin [5], kaempferol-3,7-di-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside [kaempferitin] [6] and ethyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside [7]. From the ethyl acetate fraction three simple rhamnosyl derivatives; butyl-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside [8] methyl-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside [9] and methyl-O-beta-L-rhamnopyranoside [10] were obtained. Kaempferol-3-0-beta-D-glucopy-ranoside-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside [11], kaempferol-3-O-alpha- [beta-D-glucopyranosyl-[1""->2'"]- L-rhamnopyranoside]-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside [12], kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside-7-O-alpha-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-[1""->2'"]-L-rhamnopyranoside] [13] and the myo-inositol [+] D-pinitol [14] were isolated from the butanol extract. The total extract and different fractions were evaluated for their possible estrogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelets aggregation activities. The chloroform extract showed the highest estrogenic activity, while the petroleum ether was the best in protection against inflammation induced by carrageenan. The strongest inhibition of platelet aggregations was observed with the aqueous fraction

Osteoblastoma of the spine

To identify the factors that are associated with the development of scoliosis and its manifestations. Summary of the background data: Painful scoliosis is a well-recognized presentation of osteoblastoma but as a result of small number of previous reports, the outcome and habits of tumor in spine is not well-known. Ten factors were assessed including; age, sex, duration of symptoms, site of the lesion, site of lesion in individual, Cobs angle at presentation, chief complaint at presentation, neurological involvement, type of treatment, recurrence of tumor. Result: Fifty% of patients had scoliosis. All of the lesions typically were present on the concave side of the curve. In the thoracic and lumber spine 80% had scoliosis, but no scoliosis was seen on cervical and sacral regions. All the patients were under 30 years. The mean time to diagnose at our center was 18.4 months. All of the patients with cervical involvement [2 patients] had deformity [Cock Robin] and restriction in range of motion. The lesion was in posterior elements in all of the cases and localized in only one side of the spine. Chief complaint was pain in 67%, deformity in 16% and both [pain and deformity] in 17%. Radiological exam was diagnostic in 58% of the cases. Conclusions: Findings support the concept that scoliosis is secondary to asymmetric muscle spasm. The most common complaint is pain and then deformity. In the cervical spins deformity and restriction of motion are chief complaints. In children, spastic pain was more obvious than deformity. Treatment is curettage as wide as possible. There was no recurrence

Influence of temperature and salinity on the viability and infectivity of giardia lamblia and cryptosporidia parvum

The present work was designed to assess the effect of different degrees of temperature and salinity on the viability and infectivity of G. Lamblia and C. parvum at different storage times. The results revealed that boiling of protozoa for one minute minimized their viability to less than 1% and rendered them noninfectious, while the exposure to 4C and -4C up to seven days preserved their viability and infectivity. Whereas, it was found that salinity was effective at a high concentration [50 ppt] for a long storage time at lower concentrations

Interaction between toxocara vitulorum [nematoda] and prohemistomum vivax [trematoda]

Protective cross-reactivity between T. vitulorum and P. vivax was investigated in outbred albino rats. Protective resistance was confirmed in this model, especially when the trematode was given closer to the inflammatory period produced by T. vitulorum infection i.e. seven days prior to trematode administration. Such resistance decreased as the time between the two infections increased. Previous T vitulorum infection increased the induction of inflammatory reactions and influx of eosinophils but not mast cells. Serum and mucosal antibody responses to P. vivax adult and metacercarial antigens were more intense on previous exposure to T. vitulorum, especially seven days prior to trematode infection. The implications of these results with respect to protective resistance are discussed

Acceptability of the norplant subdermal implants

A total of 344 women was selected to evaluate the acceptability of norplant. Changes in the menstrual pattern were the most frequent side effects reported. However, such changes diminished with time and by the end of 12 months after insertion 7.1% of users experienced no change in cycle length and about 85% considered their menstrual pattern to be normal. Non-menstrual side effects were not persistent and not constituting a problem. The continuation rate was 86.337% and the pregnancy rate was 0.29/100 w.y., i.e. the continuation rate and the effectiveness are high

Macro- and micromorphological study of phlomis floccosa D Don [Lamiaceae]: part II: the flower

The macro- and micromorphology of the leaf, stem and root of Phlomis floccosa D. Don. Are presented, with are presented, with the aim of finding out characters by which the plant could be identified and differentiated from the other species growing in Egypt

Histopathology of cervix after injectable contraceptives

This study included 40 women aged between 25- 40 years. 20 of them were injected I.M. with Depoprovera 150mg every 3 months for 5 injections [15 months], and the other 20 were injected with Noresterat 200mg every 2 months for 7 injections [14 months]. Punch biopsy was taken from the cervix before and after the injections to show the histopathology of the cervix. With Depoprovera 3 cases of mild dysplasia, 2 cases of microglandular hyperplasia, and 2 cases of squamous metaplasia. In Noresterat users, one case of mild dysplasia, one case of microglandular hyperplasia, and 2 cases of squamous metaplasia