ABSTRACT
Background: The specific preparatory activities may have different effects on various body systems which are not yet clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a single session of specific preparatory activities on humoral immunity and white blood cell [WBC] immediately and 24 hours after exercise in elite rock climbing athletes
Materials and Methods: Ten elite rock climbing athletes [age23.3 +/- 2.2 years, height 173.6 +/- 4.8 cm, and weight 64.5 +/- 7.3 kg took part in this quasi-experimental study. Subjects were asked to perform specific exercises for 95 minutes [10 minutes warm up, 75 minutes climbing with different degrees of severity, and 10 minutes cool down]. Blood samples were taken before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 24 hours after exercise. Data were analyzed using paired sample Student's t-test and general linear model [p<0.05]
Results: All levels of immunoglobulins decreased immediately after the activity, but this change was significant only for IGM. White blood cells were increased significantly. However, after the 24-hour recovery period, IgG levels were significantly lower than before and immediately after exercise. IgM and IgA also increased significantly. The WBC counts after 24 hours had no significant difference with the previous levels
Conclusion: This study showed that following changes in humeral immune system variables and WBC count after an exercise in elite rock climbers, a 24-hour rest period can be effective to restore basal levels of these variables. Others may require more time
ABSTRACT
Unemployment which had been a problem of less educated and unskilled people has become a problem in most of the countries for even the educated and the skilled persons. Unemployment among physicians in Iran has been the subject of discussion during the past so many years, and its severity, causes and ways of combating it has been a focus of discussions in different circles. It is a mail survey conducted on random sample, sized 5482 physicians, from registered physician roster at the Medical Association of Islamic Republic of Iran. The questionnaire included items on employment and unemployment quality and some related factors. The final analysis is based on the 2789 returned questionnaires. Total unemployment has a point prevalence of 9.4% among Iranian physicians [95% CI: 8.3% - 10.5%]. When summed with physicians with qualitative unemployment, this figure reaches 13.7% [95% CI: 12.4% - 14.9%]. Considering quantitative unemployment, the total ratio reaches 25.5%. Half of the unemployed physicians have seeked jobs for more than a year, and they mostly attribute their failure to low income of medical jobs and limited positions for physicians in the governmental sector. Unemployment, in different forms from total to qualitative and quantitative forms affects from one-tenth to one fourth of Iranian physicians. This problem is not limited to Iran, but has been seen in many other countries, especially those that had increased the strength of their medical students in the past. The solution of this problem needs its accurate identification and factors affecting it or related to it. Solving this problem needs finding its accurate fissure and the related factors