ABSTRACT
To understand the empowerment process and to raise the organization capacity to make the empowerment atmosphere and to study the empowerment components, consequently, the managers and employees views in these fields are of considearable necessity. The visions and assumptions of managers are too determinant to make decisions and manage personnel and organization. Also, employees' visions are effective in their empowerment acts in cooperation, participation and their job satisfaction. This study is performed to investigte the visions of managers and employees of Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, in the rate of the employees possessing of the components of the empowerment between the years 1384 and 1385. This study was carried out by a descriptive-survey method on 377 managers and employees of Shaheed Beheshti Medical University and its affiliated colleges, whom were in formal employment or contract situation [192 managers and 285 employees]. Random sample method was used and was chosen equal numbers of samples related collages and units. Data compilation method consisted of a questionnaire including 35 close-endedquestions and demographic characteristics. From the managers [P<0.0019] and employees [P<0.0001] point of view, the rate of the employees possession of the empowerments was not acceptable and managers' views differed from those of employees in this category [P<0.0001]. There was a significant difference between women and men visions [P<0.001] and also a significant correlation between the age of managers and employees [P<0.023]. Although there was no significant statistical correlation between the background of managers and employees, the difference between the vision of managers and employees of different educational grades was significant [P<0.0001] as well as their difference between view points of managers and employees with different academic field of study [P<0.001]. The rate of possession of the empowerments amongst managers and employees of Shaheed Beheshti University, was not in an appropriate level. It suggests that the managers of university pay more attention to the employees' potentials for deputing responsibilities to them and attempt many to make an empowerment atmosphere with their schematization to achieve the appropriate level
Subject(s)
Humans , Administrative Personnel , UniversitiesABSTRACT
Endometriosis has been widely implicated as one of the causes of chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. The purpose of our study was to define the correlation between the visual and histological diagnosis of endometriosis by comparing peritoneal findings identified at laparoscopy in a diagnostic trial with a standardized technique; including complete excision of lesions suggestive of endometriosis and systematic biopsies of normal appearing pelvic peritoneum. This study was performed in Mahdieh Hospital and IRHRC from 1383 to 1384. A diagnostic study of 30 patients [15- 45 yr.] undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy for the evaluation of chronic pelvic pain, infertility, dysmenorrhea and dysparonia was carried out [average age was 28.6 +/- 5.14 [mean +/- SD]]. All suggestive areas of endometriosis were excised and examined pathologically. Additionally, peritoneal biopsy specimens were obtained from normal appearing peritoneum to rule out microscopic endometriosis. The positive predictive value, sensitivity, negative predictive value and specificity of visually identified endometriosis were determined in comparison with histological findings [definitive diagnosis]. The mean prevalence of endometriosis abnormalities in visual and histological diagnosis were 63% and 42%, respectively. The measured values, therfore, for visual versus histological diagnosis of endometriosis were 42.1% for positive predictive value, 88.8% for sensitivity, 90.9% for negative predictive value and 47.6% for specificity. A diagnosis of endometriosis should be established only after histological confirmation