Biochemical and genotoxic studies on the effect of co-trimoxazole in albino rats

The present work attempts to shed light on the side effects of the antibacterial drug co-trimoxazole in some biochemical parameters of male albino rats. The work aims also to provide additional genotoxicity data on the effect of the drug in the induction of micronuclei and DNA damage in rat lymphocyte cells. Two therapeutic doses [30 and 120 mg/kg body weight] of cotrimoxazole were orally administered to rats for four weeks. Results showed marked variations in most of the investigated parameters. Both drug doses caused significant drop in serum uric acid values with marked elevation in serum creatinine levels in treated rats. Remarkable decreases were also noticed in the activities of G-6-PD, NADH-oxidase and MetHb-R. On the other side, significant elevation was noticed in the activity of serum ASTA, ALAT and LDH which indicates that co-trimoxazole may cause damage in liver cells. As regards to the genotoxic effects, both drug doses gave significant increases in the frequencies of micronucleus, tail DNA content and DNA tail length as measured by Comet assay. After 2 weeks of drug discontinuation, most of the tested parameters did not return to normal levels. Most of the enzyme activities in both red cells and serum were altered due to the chronic administration of the therapeutic doses of co-trimoxazole. This antimicrobial drug induced moderate genotoxic effects in rat lymphocytes

effect of age on chromosomes of goats

Blood samples were collected from 43 normal goats [24 females and 19 males] at different ages, belonging to six breeds and one crossbreed. Female aged ranged from 19 months to over seven years recorded in four stages, while male ages were classified into two stages from six to 19 months and from 4 to 5 years. Blood cultures were set up and chromosomal preparations were made. Numerical and structural aberrations of chromosomes were observed. The effect of age on numerical aberrations was greater than on those of structural aberrations. The total numerical aberrations increased with the increase of age in both females and males. Statistical analysis of the cytogenetical differences showed that they were significant for total numerical aberrations and for polyploidy in females at age greater than 7 years than in other female ages. The frequency of polyploidy and of peridiploidy was significantly higher in female at 6 to 7 years than in females at 4 to 5 years old. The differences of numerical aberrations between the two groups of male ages were not detected. Structural aberrations were few in male or in female ages, except chromatid breaks in four females, two of them had 19 monthes and the remaining two animals were in 6 to 7 years. There were no significant differences in structural aberrations between female or between male ages, except for chromatid breaks which were recorded in four females with more chromatid breaks. There were no significant differences in cytogenetical aberrations when comparing between females at 19 monthes with males at age from six to 19 monthes or between females with males having the same age at 4 to 5 years old. The present study may provide evidence for a correlation between age and numerical aberrations. There were more frequency of aberrations in age 6 to 7 years old. The highest aberrations were found in animals of more than 7 years old than in other ages. This is useful for breeding programs to indicate that the preferable age of goats should not exceed 6 years old

Cytogenetic studies of chemoprophylactic agents on postimplantion mice embryo in presence of nitrosamine: effect of soybean

Nitrates, nitrites and dimethylamine are a components reacts in the gastro-intenstinal tract synthesing the powerful hepatoxic and carcinogenic dimethylnitrosmamine. This study aimed to evaluate the cancer protector named soybean. This evaluation had been tested in laboratory mice in the presence of nitrosamine as a cancer induced. For pursing the evaluation, four groups of mothers and their embryos were used. The first group was the control group, the second group was a mothers treated with Dibutylamine plus nitrite [DBA + NO3], the third group was a mothers fed with a diet containing a 30% soybean, while the fourth group was mothers fed with SB and DBA + NO3. Generally the results showed a decrease in the percentage of gestation in all the treated animals in comparison with the control group, while there was no significant difference [P>0.05] in the mean numbers of impanation sites and living fetuses in all the treated animals. Moreover the cytogenetical analysis revealed that soybean produced a non significant ratio of chromosome abnormalities when tested using the Chi-square method

simple method for chromosome preparation from adult rat liver

Chromosome preparation using non-proliferating tissues such as the liver could prove to be one of the most useful methods of examining the effect of cytotoxic damages and cytogenetic systems in vivo. In order to determine the time of greatest mitotic activity in regenerating liver, hepatectomized rats were sacrificed at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours, showing A peak in mitotic activity was observed at 120 hours after hepatectomy

Effect of tem [2,4,6-triethyl eino-1,3-5, triazine] on in vitro rat embryo development

Rat concept uses of pregnancy days 10,11 or 12 were cultured in rotating 30 ml roller bottles with male rat serum containing .01 to 5 ,micro g TEM [2,4,6-triethylenimino-l,3,5-triazine] per ml medium for 22-24 or 43-45 h in 10-401- 0[2], 51 C0[2] and N[2] atmospheres. Pregnancy day 10 concept uses cultured for 43-45 h were highly sensitive to TEM exposure. A dose of .05, micro g /ml was found to be critical for the development of embryos when morphogenesis of all the embryos was abnormal and DNA and protein biosyntheses were retarded significantly [P<0.00l] compared with control concept uses cultured under identical conditions without TEM. The embryos were still alive at this dose level of TEM treatment, as indicated by beating of the heart. The cellular toxicity of TEM was dose dependent and at higher doses TEM caused retardation of embryo development and differentiation. DNA and protein syntheses in embryos, yolk sacs and placentas of concept uses of pregnancy days 10 and 11 were markedly affected within 22-24 h culture period with doses as low as .05 micro g /ml medium. Differentiation of neural tube, sensory organs, and somite development in the embryo was significantly affected in embryos of pregnancy days 10 and 11. Pregnancy day 12 embryos were relatively less sensitive to the effects of TEH compared to those of days 10 or 11