[Overview of experiental learning styles in nursing education]

Introduction: One of the ways to improve quality of education is to assess Students' Learning styles. Several factors such as learning styles can affect the learning process. Frequency of using learning styles varies in different countries. The purpose of this study is to introduce an overview of experiental learning styles in nursing education

Method: After searching for available resources and articles related to experiential learning including Pubmed, Scopus, Proquest, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Iranmedex and SID, this study was conducted in 2013. Key words were "Learning styles, Experiental learning, Kolb, Nursing student and Nursing education"

Results: According to conducted studies among nursing students, superior learning styles among students are convergent and assimilator learning. However, in different studies it is revealed that some students use two or more learning styles

Conclusion: There are more learning styles in nursing students, especially convergent and assimilating styles. Therefore, coordination of learning styles and teaching methods is a way to improve quality of education

Effect of foot mass age on physiologic indicators in critically ill patients admitted in the I.C.U

Intensive care unit is one of the most stressful wards for patients and it is estimated that 30 to70 percent of patients experience severe physiologic stress during admission. Some of the physiologic responses to stress include increase in metabolic rate with consequent increase in body temperature, increase in cardiac output and contraction power and subsequently increase in blood pressure, heart rate and sodium accumulation, bronchodilation and increase in respiration rate. Control of homodynamic condition and vital signs is an essential and important practice in intensive care units for stabilizing physiologic indicators. Massage is one of the methods that can be used for this purpose. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of foot massage on physiologic indicators including pulse, respiration rate, mean arterial pressure, temperature and arterial blood oxygen saturation. Methods: 46 patients with brain stroke who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit of Tajrish Shohada hospital were studied. The validity of information record form was determined with content validity and the validity of instruments was established using valid marks. The reliability of instruments was assessed with test-re-test after calibration. Information was collected on second, third and fourth days after ICU admission at 4 to 6 pm. For this purpose, the physiologic indicators were controlled and after 10 minute, the patients underwent 5-minute foot stroke massage and then at 10 and 30-minute intervals, physiologic indicators were controlled again. Data was analyzed by ANOVA statistical method. Findings showed that pulse rate, respiratory rate and mean arterial blood pressure significantly decreased after 5 minute foot massage [p<0.001] and the value of these indicators 10 minutes after foot massage was less than the values 10 minute before massage. Also, arterial oxygen cone. 10 minute after foot massage was more than the cone. 10 minutes before massage and values at 30 minutes after foot massage were more than the values 10 minutes before and 10 minutes after foot massage [p<0.001], Decrease in temperature on third and fourth days of ICU admission 10 minutes and 30 minutes after foot massage as compared to 10 minutes before massage was significant, but alterations were little and clinically, we can say that body temperature did not alter and approximately remind constant. Data analysis also showed that alterations in values of physiologic indicators during the three days of manipulation were the same and there was no difference between the alterations on different days [p<0.001]. In general, parasympathetic activity after foot massages results in alteration of body physiologic responses. Decrease in heart rate, mean arterial pressure and respiratory rate along with increase in arterial oxygen concentration showed that patients were less anxious and more relaxed

epidemiological study of psychiatric disorders in Semnan province in year 2001

The burden of psychiatric disorders in the developed countries has been identified by the screening questionnaires and standard clinical interviews at a high level, but the epidemiological studies of psychiatric disorders in Iran are brief and their numbers are few. Planning for providing essential mental health services to the people who requires to be informed about the present status of psychiatric disorders in the society. The objective of this research was to carry out the epidemiological study of the psychiatric disorders in the individuals 18 years and above in urban and rural areas of Semnan province. Two hundred eighty individuals were selected through randomized systematic and clustered sampling methods among the existing families in Semnan province. The clinical psychologist completed the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia [SADS] questionnaires. The diagnosis of the disorders was based on DSM-IV classification criteria. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province was 18.58%, which was 22.14% in the women, and 14.49% in the men, respectively. The anxiety and mood disorders respectively with 8.22% and 5.00% had the higher prevalence in the province. The prevalence of psychotic disorders in this study was 1.78%, neuro-cognitive disorders 2.86 percent and dissociative disorders 0.72%. In the group of mood disorders, major depression with 3.57% and in the group of anxiety disorders, phobic disorder with 2.86% had the higher prevalence. This study showed that 10.71% of individuals suffered from minimum one of the psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province among the individuals in the age group of 41-55 years with 13.85%, individuals whose spouses had passed away 37.50%, residents of urban areas with 13.92%o, individuals with diploma 14.29% and unemployed individuals 28.57% that was more common more than other individuals. By considering of these findings, the responsibility of the health policy makers and programmers is more than before in relation to preparing application and executive plans to prevent and treatment of psychiatric disorders in Semnan province for mental health