[Comparison of perfectionism, aggression and coping styles in patients with migraine and tension-type headaches and healthy individuals]

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to the compare perfectionism, aggression and coping styles in patients with migraine and tension-type headache and healthy individuals

Methods: In this casual-comparative method study, the studied sample consisted of 42 patients with tension-type headache diagnosis, 40 patients with migraine headache selected among those referred to medical centers and mental hospitals in Ardabil, Iran, and 41 healthy individuals matched with the other two groups according to gender and educational level. The Perfectionism scale, Aggression scale, and Stress Coping Styles scale were used. In addition, the intensity and frequency indexes were collected. Data were analyzed using multivariable analysis of variance [MANOVA]

Results: There were significant differences in perfectionism, aggression, and cognitive-avoidance coping style mean scores between both the patients with migraine and tension-type headaches with healthy individuals. No significant differences were observed between three groups in behavioral coping style scores

Conclusion: Maladaptive perfectionism, aggression and dysfunctional coping styles are associated with the severity of migraine and tension-type headaches. These results have important implications in explaining the role of personality variables in headaches

[Comparative study of three phakic intraocular lenses in correction of myopia]

To compare visual outcomes and surgical complications of three phakic intraocular lenses [pIOLs]; Artisan, Artiflex and the Implantable Collamer Lens [ICL] for correction of moderate to high myopia. In this historical cohort study, 112 myopic eyes that were operated between 2005 and 2010 and implanted with one of these three pIOLs were evaluated [Artisan 40 eyes, Artiflex 36 eyes and ICL 36 eyes]. Mean follow up period was 30 +/- 11 months. Intraoperative complications were evaluated. All patients were recalled and a complete ophthalmologic examination including refraction, best corrected visual acuity [BCVA] and intraocular pressure was performed. Pachymetry, endothelial cell count as well as postoprerative higher order aberrations were evaluated and compared with corresponding preoperative values. No significant intraoperative complications were reported. BCVA improvement, more than one line on the Snellen chart occurred in 25%, 19.4% and 38.9% of eyes in Artisan, Artiflex and ICL groups, respectively [P=0.158]. Preoperative spherical equivalent [SE] in Artisan, Artiflex and ICL groups was -11.6 +/- 3.7, -9.59 +/- 1.97 and -12.3 +/- 4.8 diopters, respectively. Reduction changes in SE was not statistically significant among the 3 groups [P=0.237]. Mean reduction of astigmatism was 0.31 +/- 0.72, 0.45 +/- 0.62 and 0.0 +/- 0.57 in Artisan, Artiflex and ICL groups, respectively [P=0.07]. Postoperatively, 60% of Artisan, 91.7% of Artiflex and 77.8% of ICL eyes were within one diopter of emmetropia, but the change was statistically significant between Artisan and Artiflex groups [P=0.017]. Percentage of endothelial cell loss was 10 +/- 9%, 9 +/- 6% and 9 +/- 10% in Artisan, Artiflex and ICL groups, respectively [P=0.694]. Pachymetry changes was minimal and the difference among groups was not statistically significant [P=0.754]. Higher order aberrations [P=0.039], vertical trefoil [P=0.032] and spherical aberration [P=0.001] were higher in Artisan than ICL. Total aberrations [P=0.028] and spherical aberration [P=0.001] was higher in Artisan than Artiflex. Visual outcomes such as BCVA improvement, reduction in SE and astigmatism were comparable among Artisan, Artiflex and ICL groups. There was no significant intra and postoperative complications in the 3 groups. Due to the increased higher order aberrations and problems in quality of vision in myopic eyes after implantation of Artisan lens, ICL and Artiflex may be better choices

Investigation of genetic causes of intellectual disability in Kerman province, south east of Iran

Intellectual disability [ID] has a worldwide prevalence of 1-3% and results from extraordinary heterogeneous. To shed more light on the causes of ID in Kerman Province, in Southeast Iran, we set out in 2008 to perform systematic clinical studies and homozygosity mapping in large Iranian families with ID. Fifty seven families with a minimum of two mentally retarded children from Kerman Province were initially tested for metabolic disorders, by Tandem mass spectrometry. Fragile X testing and standard karyotyping were performed for all probands of families. Cases with autosomal recessive [AR] pattern of inheritance and microcephaly were subjected to homozygosity mapping by using several microsatellite markers for known MCPH loci. Three out of seven families with X-linked pattern of inheritance were positive for fragile X syndrome. Chromosome abnormality was not observed in any of dysmorphic patients and all families were negative for metabolic tests. Among the remaining 50 families of AR ID, six were found to be microcephalic, of which 2 linked to two MCPH loci [33.3%]. The rest 4 families were not linked to any of the known loci. The results of this study showed that ID with microcephaly comprised 12% of ID cases in Kerman Province. In two families with apparent linkage to the MCPH5 and MCPH6 locus, mutation screening was not successful, which might indicate that either the mutation is located in the regulatory sequences of the gene or that there might be another genes present in these regions, which is mutated in such cases

Predictive power of incidents reporting rate and its dimensions by job stress among workers' Isfahan steel company

There is long-term interest in the effects of stress on health, due to the strain that it places on individuals which can lead to an increased risk of disease. The present study examined degree of perceived job stress related to incidents reporting rate and its dimensions among workers' Isfahan Steel Company. A self-administered anonymous was distributed to 189 workers. The survey included demographic factors, incidents reporting rate and its components [physical symptoms, psychological symptoms and accidents] and the job Stress Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multivariate [MANOVA] and correlation techniques. 1] there was internal significant correlation between perceived job stress with incident reporting rate as well as with its two components namely physical symptoms and psychological symptoms; 2] there was not a significant relationship between perceived job stress and accident; 2] In multivariate analysis, perceived job stress respectively about 12%, 18% and 19% of the variance of variables of incidents reporting rate, physical and psychological symptoms significantly predicted [P<0.05]. Perceived job stress influences to physical and psychological symptoms. Therefore, decreasing job stress can be important to prevent the development of stress-related diseases and to promote workers health

[Effectiveness of a safety training course in changing employees attitude toward safety issues and its dimensions: a pathological study]

Millions of occupational accidents and disease cases are reported from work places annually causing considerable human and financial damages. Safety training is globally considered the best strategy to mitigate these damages. In this project a safety attitude questionnaire was used to obtain the required information. The questionnaire contained items about 13 relevant variables: job conscientiousness, fatalism, leadership, safety consciousness, role overload, work pressure, job safety perception, supervisor safety perception, coworker safety perception, management safety perception, safety program and policies perception, interpersonal conflicts at work, and job involvement. A total of 204 individuals [101 in the control and 103 in the experiment group] in the Isfahan Steel Company completed the safety attitude questionnaire. This was followed by a 4-hour safety training course attended by the experimental group. After 30 days both the experimental and control group completed the questionnaire again. Descriptive statistics and covariate analysis were used the compare the data between the 2 groups. Safety training in the workplace influenced positively the general attitude of the personnel towards safety issues. Further analysis of the data revealed that the training affected statistically significantly only safety consciousness, leadership, and management safety perception. Assessment of safety attitude in the workplace and its dimensions can be used to identify those areas of safety training that need more attention and a better design

Irritable bowel syndrome: a review article

Irritable bowel syndrome [IBS] is the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder noted in the general population worldwide. Its chronic nature, signs and symptoms which vary periodically from mild to severe have many negative effects on the quality of life for the sufferer; therefore the appropriate treatment of these patients is highly important. Patients should be informed by their doctors that the nature of the disease is benign, and educated on how to deal with and control symptoms of the disease. This article sets out a review of recent studies on the prevalence of IBS in Iran and appropriate methods for management of patients affected by IBS

[ effect of sitting pelvic tilt exercise on physical disability in primigravidas with low back pain during the third trimester]

Low back pain is one of the most common complaints in pregnancy which interferes with work, daily activities and sleep. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Sitting Pelvic Tilt Exercise on physical disability in primigravidas with low back pain during the third trimester. This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 60 primigravidas who attended in 3 prenatal clinics of Zanjan university of medical science. At first, 60 primigravidas were selected by simple sampling and randomly divided into two groups: case and control. Only the experimental group did the sitting pelvic tilt exercise program for 8 weeks during the third trimester. Data was collected for both groups by interview using VAS scale and Disability Rating Index [DRI] on the days 0 and 56 [pre and post intervention]. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, occupation, education and BMI and intensity of physical disability before the intervention. However, intensity of physical disability significantly decreased [p<0.0001] in the experimental group after the exercise program. Adversely, the intensity of physical disability increased in the control group as pregnancy proceed [p<0.0001]. Intensity of low back pain was also reduced in the experimental group after the sifting pelvic tilt exercise program comparing to pre treatment stage and also in comparison with the control group [P<0.0001]. It seems that use of exercise programs such as "sitting pelvic tilt exercise" is an effective method in pregnant women who suffer from low back pain and related disabilities but do not want to use aggressive treatments and chemical pain relief drugs

[ effect of "sitting pelvic tilt exercise" on low back pain and sleep disorder in primigravidas during the third trimester]

Low back pain is one of the most common complaints in pregnancy that interferes with work, daily activities and sleep. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sitting pelvic tilt exercise on low back pain and sleep disorder during the third trimester in primigravidas. In this quasiexperimental study, 60 primigravidas who attended 3 prenatal clinics of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran, were selected by simple sampling, then they were randomly allocated into two groups, case and control. The case group did the sitting pelvic tilt exercise for 8 weeks during the third trimester. The control group just received usual prenatal care. Data collection was done by interview, using a Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] and a questionnaire which was carried out by the researcher on 0 and 56 days [pre and post intervention]. T- Test and Chi Square were used for data analysis. The intensity of low back pain in the case group after exercise was significantly decreased [P=0.0001], but in the control group, the intensity of low back pain increased as pregnancy advanced [P=0.0001]. Also in the case group, sitting pelvic tilt exercise reduced the sleep disorders in comparison with pre treatment and control group [P<0.05]. It seems that sitting pelvic tilt exercise is an imperative cure in pregnancy low back pain and sleep disorders that arise from it

[Oral and dental health status in Northeastern Iran]

Esophageal cancer is one of the major malignancies around the world. It is the 8th high frequency cancer and the 6th leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The etiology of esophageal carcinoma is thought to be related to the exposure of smoking, alcohol, nitrate and low socioeconomic status. In this study, the status of oral health was evaluated in the population living in the north east of Iran. 45862 inhabitants of Gonbad and Kalaleh districts, aged 40-75 years, who had no esophageal cancer, were included in the study, which was part of Golestan Cohort. Oral health status and socioeconomic condition were evaluated by trained physicians. 19362 [42.2%] were male and 26490 [57.8%] were female [mean age was 52.1 +/- 9.1 years]. The mean number of existent teeth, missed teeth, decayed teeth and filling teeth were 13.3 +/- 9.4, 18.4 +/- 9, 4.7 +/- 6 and 0.23 +/- 1.1 respectively. There were significant relationship between male, low socioeconomic status and low educational level with poor oral health status. Oral health was poor among inhabitants of Gonbad and Kalaleh districts, especially in men and was related to low socioeconomic status and illiteracy

Frequency and distribution of microscopic findings in patients with chronic non-bloody diarrhea and normal colonoscopy

Chronic diarrhea is a common problem in patients with symptoms related to gastro-intestinal tract. Some of these patients present with chronic non-bloody, watery diarrhea and no specific clinical, laboratory, or endoscopic findings. The aim of the present study was to investigate the value of histological findings in patients with chronic diarrhea who have normal or non-specific endoscopic findings. We also determined the frequency and distribution of histological changes related to different anatomical sites in the colon. This study was performed in Kerman city on 90 patients with chronic watery diarrhea whose diseases had not been exactly diagnosed after extensive clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic studies. Laboratory tests including complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, stool examination, thyroid and liver function tests, and serologic study for celiac disease were all normal in this group of patients. Colonoscopy was performed and mucosal biopsies were taken from recto-sigmoid, descending, and transverse colon. The histologic findings were as follows: 39 [43.3%] patients showed normal histology, 25 [27.8%] patients showed microscopic colitis, not otherwise specified form. Ten [11.1%] patients had classic lymphocytic colitis, and 15 [16.7%] patients had paucicellular lymphocytic colitis. One [1.1%] patient showed focal active colitis. None of them had collagenous colitis. Diagnostic histological findings were seen in 28.9% of biopsy samples in patients with chronic diarrhea and normal or near normal endoscopic findings. We recommend multiple punch biopsy sampling in such patients from different sites of the colon to avoid missing some cases of microscopic colitis

[Hepatitis A and E in the east of Golestan province]

Hepatitis A and E are among the most important etiological factors of acute hepatitis, which can lead to fulminant liver disease and death. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis A and E in the east of Golestan Province, Iran. Eight hundred inhabitants of Gonbad City and Ghamar Ghozi Village from Kalale district were randomly selected for the study. Hepatitis A virus Antibody [Anti HAV] and Hepatitis E virus Antibody [Anti HEV] were checked by ELISA method. A total of 697 subjects [441 females] with a mean age of 43 +/- 15.1 years participated in this study. A total of 687 [98.6%] and 82 [11.8%] persons had positive Anti HAV and Anti HEV, respectively. This research is the first study on the prevalence of hepatitis A and E in the general population of Iran, which shows that HA V infection is pandemic and hepatitis E is common in the area

[Diagnostic power of quantitative HCG in cervico-vaginal washings in women with premature rupture of membranes]

Premature rupture of membranes [PROM], occurs in 2-25% of pregnant women. Traditionally, clinical and laboratory tests utilized for the diagnosis of PROM are fraught with both false positive and false negative results caused by various factors that result in an equivocal or delayed diagnosis. The absence of a non-invasive 'gold standard' for the diagnosis of PROM has led to the search for alternative biochemical markers. This research has been conducted to compare HCG of cervicovaginal the diagnostic power of qualitative and quantitative washings for the diagnosis of PROM.s This Diagnostic-Experimental study was undertaken with cervico-vaginal samples collected from singleton pregnancies between 14-41 weeks of gestation. Totally 86 pregnant women referred to Vali-Asr Hospital, Zanjan, in 2006, were enrolled in this study. Subjects were divided in two groups: 43 subjects with confirmed PROM [amniotic fluid pooling [+], nitrazine paper test [+], and fern test [+]], and 43 women in the control group [amniotic fluid pooling [-], nitrazine paper test [-], and fern test [-]]. Washings were then collected from the posterior vaginal fornix with the use of 5 ml of sterile saline irrigation and aspiration techniques. We measured HCG levels with the ELISA test. The median HCG levels were 250.60 [mIU/mL] and 6.2 [mIU/mL] in PROM and control group respectively. With, 22 [mIU/mL] set as a cutoff value on the receiving operating characteristic curve, [ROC], sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 95.3, 97.7, 97.6, 95.5 and 96%, respectively. Quantitative HCG measurement of cervico-vaginal washings was an accurate test for the diagnosis of PROM in our study

effect of horizontal pin on fracture resistance of composite restored endodontcally treated teeth

Restoration of endodontically treated teeth by a simple method, with low cost in a short time is one of the major problems in dentistry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of horizontal pins in fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with composite. In this study, 48 sound, closed apex, maxillary human premolars, without crack, extracted for orthodontic reasons, were randomly divided into 3 groups of 16 as follows; Group 1: intact [unprepared] teeth. Group 2; composite restoration without horizontal pin. Group 3: composite restoration with 2 horizontal pins in buccal cusp. In groups 2,3 after preparation of the standard access cavity and endodontic treatment, the palatal cusp was reduced to 1.5 mm coronal to the CEJ, leaving the remaining buccal cusp 3mm in buccolingual thickness at the height of contour. After thermocycling, each tooth was loaded in compression until fracture occured. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. The pattern of fracture was analyzed by Chi-Square test. The mean fracture resistance in groups 1-3 were 689.59 +/- 179, 632.86 +/- 119 and 533.49 +/- 168 [in N] respectively. The differences between group 1 and group 3 were statistically significant [p<0.05]. Among patterns of fracture, the maximum number of favourable fractures occured in group 1 and the minimum number was in group 3. 1] Composite restoration with dentin bonding agents in endodontically treated maxillary premolars increased resistance to fracture. 2] Horizontal pins caused statistically significant reduction in fracture resistance of teeth. 3] The use of horizontal pins did not result in favorable fracture pattern

[Hepatitis C in Golestan province-Iran]

Hepatitis C is one of the most important etiological factor in chronic liver disease which could lead to the progressive liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis C in east of Golestan province [north-east of Iran]. 2123 inhabitants from north-east of Iran of general population have been studied using randomized selection. The taken samples were fresh serum searching for Hepatitis C Virus Antibody [HCV Ab] via ELISA method. A recombinant immunoblot assay [RIBA] was done for the positive HCV Ab samples tested with ELISA as the next step. A total of 2123 samples [female: 1387] with mean age of 41.3+/- 14.8 years and 960 rural and 1141 urban were studied. Fifty six samples [female:44] were HCVAb positive [ELISA], twenty of fifty six samples were also RIBA positive [female: 18 equal 81.8% and male: 4 equal 18.2%]. According to ELISA result the prevalence of HCVAb positive samples in female was 3.1% [44 of 1387 samples] and in male was 1.6 [12 of 714 samples]. As a total result we reached out that the prevalence of Hepatitis C through ELISA method was around 2.6%. This number reduced to 1% considering RIBA positive samples which is the definite test in Hepatitis C diagnosis. This study is the first Hepatitis C determination in general population in Iran. A comparison between the Hepatitis C prevalence in north east Iran and other part of the world showed that Iran relatively has a lower prevalence [Asia: 3.55% Africa: 5.17% America: 1.9%]. No other Hepatitis C evaluation study has been done in any other part of Iran