Prevalence, risk factors and outcome of childhood abuse reported by female university students in Jeddah

Child abuse constitutes all forms of physical and /or emotional ill treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence, types, main predictors and outcome of child abuse, retrospectively reported by female university students in Jeddah. A cross sectional study was conducted and the Standardized Arabic Version of Child Abuse Screening Tool for Young Adult [18-24 years old] was used. Ethical standards of confidentiality and freedom to participate were followed. Multistage stratified random sample was used with selection of 1, 897 females. About two-thirds [68.3%] of students reported exposure to some form of child abuse. Physical and emotional forms were recalled by 45.1% and 50.6% of students, respectively, while, 2.9% reported exposure to forced contact sexual assault. Parents and siblings were the commonest perpetrators of both physical and emotional abuse, while other relatives and extra-familial persons were the main offenders of sexual violence. The predictors of exposure to three forms of abuse together were: existence of parent who hit the other [aOR= 2.54; 95% CI: 1.88-3.42], non-university graduated mother [aOR =1.83; p

Comparison of Dot-ELISA with microbial culture for detection of Brucella spp. in clinical specimens

Definitive diagnosis of brucellosis is made by isolation of the causative agents, which is a time-consuming procedure. To evaluate the efficacy of Dot-ELISA for detecting brucellae in clinical samples, 94 different specimens taken from animal origin were cultured on brucella selective culture media and colonies were identified biochemically. The specimens were also examined after centrifugation by Dot-ELISA using a specific anti-brucella antibody, a suitable peroxidase conjugate and substrate. Of the 94 samples, 5 [5.31%] were positive in Dot-ELISA and 4 [4.25%] had positive cultures. In comparison with culture, the sensitivity and specificity of Dot-ELISA for detection of brucellae in the samples was 80 and 100%, respectively. There was 98.9% agreement between the two tests. The results indicated that Dot-ELISA is a good and rapid test with acceptable sensitivity and specificity for detection ofBrucella spp. in aborted fetal stomach contents