Long-term effect of exposure to mustard gas on male infertility

Sulfur mustard is a noxious chemical and a carcinogen that causes acute and chronic injuries with both local and systemic effects. This study was conducted to investigate the long-term effect of sulfur mustard [mustard gas] on male infertility in couples, in whom the husbands were highly suspected of being exposed to mustard gas. A total of 91 couples, in whom men, highly suspicious of being exposed to mustard gas during the Iran-Iraq war, were fully examined by an urologist and a gynecologist, and urged to provide semen for three standard sperm analyses. Of 91 couples, 40 were infertile 10 years after given that the frequency is approximately 10-12% in normal population. In addition, thorough examination of the wives by a Gynecologist showed that of the foregoing 40 infertile couples, 8 [20%] of women suffered from infertility problems. The infertility of the remaining 32 [80%] was due to male factors as compared with 40-50% in the normal population. The results of the present research demonstrated that in the population under study, male factors had greater impact on infertility. The exposure of males to mustard gas played a distinct role in long term infertility

incidence of diverticula of urinary bladder in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and the comparison between cystoscopy and cystography in detecting bladder diverticula

The majorities of bladder diverticula are acquired and are secondary to either bladder outlet obstruction or the upper motor type of neurogenic bladder. This study was undertaken to increase awareness and understanding the putative role of BPH [Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia] in the development of bladder diverticula and to compare cystoscopy and cystography in detecting bladder diverticula. During a 4-month period, 106 patients with BPH, who were admitted in the hospital for surgery, were examined by cystoscopy to detect bladder diverticula. Thirty-one patients were selected randomly and underwent cystography. In this study, the rate of bladder diverticula in patients with BPH was 27.4% by cystoscopy while by cystography, it was 48%.There was a slight increase of bladder diverticula with increasing age. This research also depicted that the detection rate of diverticula cystography in of urinary bladder was much greater than that of cystoscopy. This study shows that the prevalence of bladder diverticula is considerably high. The detection rate of cystography in diverticula of urinary bladder was much greater than that of cystoscopy. Considering this high prevalence and potential complications, we suggest cystography for the early diagnosis and possible treatment of bladder diverticula in older patients with lower urinary tract symptoms