ABSTRACT
Background: Breast milk is the best food for infants because it provides the baby with basic nutritional needs
Objective: To determine the factors affecting the use of artificial milk in children under one year referred to artificial milk commissions
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed on 186 infants under one year who were referred to artificial milk committee in Aran-Bidgol County [Kashan, Iran] in 2009. Data were collected using a questionnaire with 43 questions over demographic information associated with mother and infant, start of feeding, infant's health and behavior, type of pregnancy and birth, mother's condition and family planning, start of feeding, and history of previous lactation. Data were analyzed by chi square test
Findings: The most frequent causes for use of artificial milk were slow growth [51.1%], multiple birth [14.5%], doctor's recommendation [10.8%], infant's inability to breastfeed [10.2%], infant's illness [5.9%], mother's illness [4.8%], adoption [2.2%], and parents' separation [0.5%]. There was a statistically significant relationship between lactation and type of delivery, mother's motivation, need for after-delivery care, baby-friendly maternity unit, and use of pacifier [P<0.05]. No significant relationship between breastfeeding and mother's drug use, infant's illness, mother's employment, mother's education, and mother's breast condition was found
Conclusion: According to our findings, it seems that training and encouraging pregnant mothers for natural delivery and breastfeeding, and also establishing higher numbers of baby-friendly maternity hospitals can lead to considerable decrease in use of artificial milk
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nutrition and individual factors and caries of the first permanent molar in primary school age children. The current study was a descriptive cross sectional investigation using a randomized cluster sampling in which 450 primary school goers in two cities of Aran and Bidgol [Kashan, Iran] were examined. Data collection was accomplished using a questionnaire plus clinical examination. Parents were mostly illiterate individuals. Caries were found mostly in the first permanent molar of mandible jaw rather than in the first permanent molar of maxilla. Our data showed that 52.1% of the first permanent molar in maxilla was healthy while the percentage of the first permanent molar in mandible with caries was 28.4%. Totally, 18.9% of cases were shown to have healthy molar teeth and the rest [81.1%] with caries in one or more molar teeth. Additionally, a significant correlation between the occurrence of caries and the frequency of brushing and hygienic status of primary school age children was established, statistically [p=0.001]. Meanwhile, the results of this investigation showed that the decay of the first permanent molar was associated with the frequency of brushing, students' hygienic status, and the type of jaws while no relationship with parents' education level, gender, geographic location, and nutrition was demonstrated