[Evaluation of microbial aerosols in dental departments of Islamic Azad University, dental Branch, Tehran in 2009]

Aerosols containing microbes from the oral cavity of the patient are created by using high-speed rotating instruments while practicing dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate the level of microbial aerosol contamination in different dental departments of Islamic Azad University Dental branch in 2009.A cross sectional study has been carried out on184 samples of 3-6 location of 11 departments from operatory and non-operatory places. The samples were cultured on blood agar plates that was placed one meter height from the floor. In each section, a control agar plates were placed in non operatory part. Anaerobic microbes were not evaluated, Prevalence of contamination was evaluated and role of related factors: traffic sector, service type, time, or the use of turbines, the volume of space and number of units were analyzed by Fisher's exact test and DOE [Design of Experiments]. Aerosol contains microbes have been observed in% 88 of the samples. The air contamination in the therapeutic section was 47.3% and in non-therapeutic section was 52.7%. Microbes found in the same sectors, including grampositive cocci%58.5, gram-negative cocci% 25.8, gram-positive bacilli%12, fungi%2.1, gram negative bacilli%1.6 Microbial air pollution levels in non-health sectors in the morning and with fewer patients had increased significantly. The results shown high degree of contamination which is striking. According to AMI standard, the results shown high contamination rate, therefore the need for developing new means for preventing microbial aerosols is mandatory

[Prevalence of oral and maxillofacial manifestations in patients with multiple sclerosis]

With regards to the high and increasing prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis [MS] and its demolishing effects on central nervous system and oro-facial nerves appearing oral and maxillofacial manifestations, this study was carried out on the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial manifestations and its related factors in MS patients in 2010.This cross-sectional study was performed on 400 MS patients that were selected by sequential sampling. Oral and maxillofacial manifestations evaluated were as follows: Trigerninal neuralgia, Dysarthria, Dysphagia, [TemporoMandibular Dysfunction] TMD, facial palsy and visual symptoms. Occurrence of each manifestation was determined and its confidence interval was evaluated within a probability of 95% and the role of the related factors was analyzed with the Chi-square test. 89.2% of the samples demonstrated oral and maxillofacial manifestation. The most frequent manifestations were: Visual symptoms 79.5%, Dysarthria 44. 3%, Dysphagia 21%, Facial Palsy 15.3%, and TMD 14.3% and the least frequent was Trigeminal neuralgia with 13.3%. The related individual and familial factors showed no relation to the incidence of these manifestations. However compared to the patients with no oral and maxillofacial symptoms, the ones with these symptoms were three times more likely to contract MS with duration of more than seven years. This study revealed a high incidence of oral and maxillofacial manifestations in MS patients therefore it cause for great concern

[Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and it's related factors in Dental School of Azad University of Tehran in 2005]

Since different factors are effective in high spreading of TMD this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of TMD and related factors in patients referring to dental school of Azad University of Tehran in 2005. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 261 patients reffered to the faculty of Dentistry of Azad University of Tehran in 2005. All samples were evaluated through three frameworks. The data were statistically analysed by chi-square test. The average age of the samples was 34 +/- 12.4. Eighty nine samples were suffering from TMD. The prevalence of TMD was 34/1%. All related factors under the study [age-sex-parafunction habits-trauma-orthodontics-anxiety and depression] showed significant correlation with TMD [P<0.05], while among TMD and occlusion [Angle classification], no significant correlation was observed. The frequency of TMD was almost high. Among All related factors except for the occlusion, there was a significant relationship. Considering the recognized complications of this disease, it is recommended to study the etiology