ABSTRACT
There has been numerous different reports regarding the level of fluoride in drinking water of various parts of the country. the effect of water Felouridation on dental caries and flourosis is unclear. this study was done with the aim to evaluate the levels of fluoride in drinking water sources of the following cities in 2008: Neka, Jouybar and Savadkooh This descriptire study was carried out on 395 residential districts including 236960 people. An updated list of all residential areas was obtaihed from the corresponding community Health center. A water sample of looce was obtained from each designated area and each sample was transferred to Islamic Azad University Laboratories for evaluation of fluoride levels [CI=95%]. the amount of fluoride in water Resources of Savad-kuh was equal to 0.067 +/- 0.01, Neka: 0.185 +/- 0.04 and Joibar 0.27 +/- 0.13.Flouride levels were low in all the areas. More research is suggested to determine the effect of water fluoridation on dental caries and flourosis
ABSTRACT
Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn. has been used for centuries as an herbal medicine for treatment of liver disease. Fruits of S. marianum contain silymarin, which is composed of the flavonolignans, silybin, isosilybin, silydianin and silychristin. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of environmental conditions on silymarin content and morphological characteristic of S. marianum. The dried fruits of S. marianum were collected from 13 area of Iran and cultivated at greenhouse conditions. Morphological characteristic were studied and silymarin content analyzed by HPLC. The results showed that silybin is the main component of silymarin and was affected by environmental conditions. The amount of silymarin was very different in cultivated and endemic plants in comparison with together. The silymarin content had a significant positive correlation with seed yield/plant, stem diameter and number of capsules/plant
Subject(s)
Flavonolignans , Fruit , Silymarin , Phenotype , Liver Diseases , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
Silymarin complex consisted of five flavonolignans [silybum A and B Isosylibin A and B, silychristin, silydianin and taxifolin] isolated from dried fruits of Silybum marianum [L]Gaertn silybin is the main component of silymarin complex. Hepatoprotective activity of silymarin may be related to its antioxidant property. This study was conducted to understand the environmental condition on silymarin methabolism. Silymarin extraction and flavolignans assay by spectrophotometery, TLC and HPLC was performed on milk thistle seeds collected from different areas of Iran, Hungarian seeds cultivated in greenhouse and field in Karaj. Valasht and Borazjan had the highest levels of silymain content by spectrophotometery method. In TLC method all 5 component were identified. We analyzed the flavolignans contents by HPLC and results showed that borazjan had the highest level of silymarin. To produce commercially silymarin we need to search for the best genotype