Interrelations of habitual abortion and lead levels in venous blood and abortuses with drinking water lead level in some Egyptian population

In Egypt, one of the main sources of lead exposure is a network of lead pipes used for water supply. Adverse effects of high lead exposure are well known. Many studies have focused on the health effects of low blood lead levels after sharp decline of its exposure levels. Currently, there is a growing concern about threats posed on pregnancy outcomes among women with low to moderate blood lead levels. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of contaminated water as one source of multifactorial lead exposure chain, and to be acquainted if the currently observed lead levels are associated with increased risk of spontaneous abortion in pregnant women in Egypt. The results of this study revealed significant positive correlations between drinking-water lead with both blood lead and abortus lead levels in cases of abortion. Each woman with unexplained spontaneous abortion should be subjected to blood lead estimation. Primary prevention by removing lead from the environment is the only pathway to avoid threats posed on pregnancy outcome since there is no effective remedy to remove lead from the body at levels below 30 microg/dl

Synthesis of dibenz [c,e] azepine-5,7-dione derivatives

Aminolysis of diphemic anhydride afforded the diphenamic acid derivatives [1a-f], which on cyclization of [1a-d] by acetic anhydride yielded the 6-substituted dibenz [c,e] azepine-5,7-diones [2a-d]. Potassium diphenimide was prepared and reacted with certain halogen compounds to produce [2d-m]. Hydrazinolysis of diphenimide produced exclusively the diphenamic acid hydrazide [4a], the acyl [4b-c] and arylidene [5a-e] derivatives of which were prepared. Structure of the final products was proved by microanalysis, spectral data and when necessary by unambiguous synthesis. Some of the newly synthesised compounds were screened for anticonvulsant and hypnotic activity

Transmyometrial pelvic venography N pill-users

Transmyometrial pelvic venography in pill-users [18 cases], revealed normal venograms in 4 cases [22%], while abnormal venograms were detect in the remaining 14 cases [78%]. The commonest abnormal venous pattern noted was bilateral pelvic varicocele and stasis in 8 cases [57%]. It was specially marked in the pampiniform plexus of veins. The next common abnormal venographic finding was uterine congestion which was found in 5 ladies [35%]. This was found in the group of Para 5 or more. A very important abnormal venographic finding found in 3 ladies [22%] was ovarian vein thrombosis. This should he seriously considered. It occurred irrespective of the duration of use of pills. Abnormal venograms were minly found in those above 30 years of age. Pelvic venography is recommended in pill-users, especially those a bove 30 years of age, those of high parities, those with lower limb varicosities and cases who have used pills for 5 years or more

Transmyometrial pelvic venography in intrauterine contraceptive device [IUCD] wearers

Transmyometrial pelvic venography was done 18 cases wearing the lippes loop and 18 cases wearing the TCu 200, B, while 10 cases were taken as control. Norma1 venograms were detected in only 22.5% of cases wearing the lippes, loop as compared to 50% of cases wearing the TCu 200 B. Abnormal venograms, showing both varicosities and stasis, were observed in 77.5% of cases wearing the Lippes loop, as compared to only 50% of cases wearing the TCu 200 B. The latter eases showed only stasis without dilatation or varicosities. The main bulk of abnormal venographic findings was observed in those of high parities, and those using the IUCD for more than 3 years. Increased menstrual blood loss was seen in 10 cases wearing the Lippes loop, as compared to only 6 cases wearing the TCu 200 B, and this could be explained by the higher incidence of both varicosities, stasis and uterine congestion associated with the Lippes loop. Thus, another mechanism for the increased menstrual blood loss with IUCD's was introduced, primarily based on the abnormal pelvic venographic findings which were of higher incidence with the Lippes loop variety