Evaluation of diagnostic value of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer

Dissection of the axillary lymph nodes is considered as one of the common measures in management of breast cancer. Edema and limitation in hand movement are accompanied with dissection of axillary lymph nodes. Sentinel lymph node biopsy can be used to evaluate axillary metastasis. This study was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic value of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with breast cancer. This descriptive study was performed on 30 selected patients with breast cancer less than 5 cm without any involvement of axillary lymph nodes in Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, North-East of Iran during 2009 -10. Initially, the lymphoscintigraphy was performed. Subsequently, prior, to the surgery, the blue dye as a marker was injected for detecting sentinel lymph node and with the use of probe gamma counter and observing blue color on lymph nodes, the sentinel node was determined and separated. Finally, axillary dissection was performed for removing the lymph nodes of I and II level in all patients. Among 30 patients who were evaluated for sentinel lymph nodes and axillary dissection, false negative were observed only in two cases [6.6%]. The sensitivity rate was determined to be 84.6%. Considering the high success rate of detection of sentinel lymph node and limited false negative cases, sentinel lymph node biopsy is recommended in cases of breast cancer without axillary involvement

Assessing the effect of highly cited papers on the impact factor of journals in the field of public health

The aim of this study was to appraisal the effect of highly cited papers in the field of public health and find out whether the unusual citations affect the ranking order of the journals in this field or not. A total number of 142 journals titles were listed in Journal Citation Report [ISI Thomson] in the field of "Public, Environmental and Occupational Health". All but one of them had published papers at least for a year from 2009 to 2010. Journal title, number of citations and publication year of 45685 papers were collected from ISI web of knowledge database at December 25, 2011. About half of the papers [23226] had no citations and 89.4% [40835] had less than 6 citations. We concluded that the ranking of journals in the field of public health is not affected by the individual papers with unusual number of citations

Family violence pattern prevalence enacting or experiencing violence in men or women

To estimate prevalence rate of violence in spousal relationship and chronicity of enacting and experiencing violence Method: The data were gathered through a systematized multi-clustral sampling. 460 Men and Women from different parts of Tehran [the areas 2, 5, 12,18] were participated in study, after being informed from the object of the research. Conflict Tactics Scale-2 and a researcher developed questionniar for cultural and demographic data were completed by each participant. Conflict Tactics Scales is a simple behavior self-report instrument with 4 aspects: physical assault, injury assault, sexual coercion, psychological aggression and one aspect for using negotiation in interpersonal relationship. These scales, in the same time, measure a mutual violence [inacteted and experiencing]. Findings: Findings showed that in couple relationships men were more engaged in enacting violence than women. The chronicity of aggression was also higher in men comparing women. Some of cultural and demographic factors were related to family violence. Although men were more enacted but violence had a mutual base