ABSTRACT
Sport injury is a matter of concern for both athletes and coaches. Due to a public tendency for martial arts and its traumatic nature, prevalence for injury is high in such sports. The aim of the present study was to review the epidemiology of high prevalent injuries in taekwondo, karate and judo. Searching in specific scientific citations was carried out for relevant articles with the subject coverage of three martial arts [taekwondo, karate and judo] during 1943-2008. Findings showed an average prevalence of the total body injuries [57.06%, 38.27% and 25.93%] for hand, neck and torso in karate, taekwondo and judo, respectively. Comparing the injury incidence percent revealed the high rate of lower limb, head and neck injuries for taekwondo; head, neck and then inferior limb for karate; superior limb and then inferior limb for judo, respectively. The highest percentage of injury types in taekwondo and karate were for contusion and sprain; in judo firstly sprain and then contusion. Injuries in hand, neck and torso account for a high rate of bodily injuries in martial arts. Among the factors involved are the technical errors in the maneuvers made on victims and the mis-performance of the techniques. Determining the predisposing factors for injuries have a significant role in the prevention of forthcoming competitive injuries
ABSTRACT
Considering the limited available resources, high cost of the helicopter emergency medical service [HEMS], and high load of trauma patients especially in our centers, a careful assessment of HEMS in our center seemed to be necessary for trauma patients. From April 2001 to September 2007, the data of all patients transferred by HEMS were extracted including: Annual number of services, clinical category, number of proper or improper services, and rescue time for HEMS and ground ambulance. The criteria for the properly transferred group included: Death or being operated in the first 24 hours of admission, admission in ICU care units, and transfer of more than three patients in one mission. Others were considered as improper group. In this period through 185 flights, 225 victims were transferred. The most common reason of HEMS dispatching was trauma. The most difference of rescue time between ground ambulance and HEMS was recorded in Lamerd that was transferring patients with HEMS needed 3 hours less than ground ambulance. However, in Sarvestan, Dashte-Arjan, and Marvdasht, transferred patients with ground ambulance needed less time than air transfer. Most of transferred patients were from Kazeroon, Nourabad and Lamerd respec-tively while 46.3% of patients were in the proper group, and the rest were considered as improper group. Our study revealed that helicopter dispatch to the cities like Lamerd, Lar, Khonj, Abadeh can be more effective, whereas, for the towns like Marvdasht, Dashte-Arjan, Sarvestan, Sepidan, Saadatshar, Tang Abolhayat use of HEMS should be limited to specific conditions. Our study showed inclusion of physicians in the decision making team increased the number of transferred cases
ABSTRACT
Refractive errors are the most frequent reasons for which patients refer to ophthalmologic clinics. The previous studies have found that the factors of the environment and the type of light to illuminate it could have positive effects on the prevalence rate of refractive errors. Since there is little research about this relationship at industrial workers in Iran, we decided to investigate the industrial workers in Iran, we decided to investigate the industrial workers' refractive errors and their relationships with the types of light and the visual work environment. We carried out a descriptive-analytical study on 292 male and female workers working in Mashhad industrial factories. Using clustering sampling, the subjects of the study were selected to go under investigation for their age, sex, and years of working background. Then, the study examined the relationship between these factors and refractive errors. In addition, the effects of outdoor and indoor working environments as well as natural and artificial [florescent] light on refractive errors were determined by a specialist. Interesting results were obtained through statistical analyses such as Chi-Square, Fisher Exact Test and ANOVA. The results suggest that the subjects of the study ranged from 23 to 63 years old with an average age of 40 +/- 9.1. Also, their working background of an average of 16 +/- 9.3 years has showed a positive effect on refractive errors [P=0.039]. Among the subjects of the study, 30 [10.3%] were diagnosed as suffering from refractive errors in one eye, 150 [51.4%] in both eyes and the other 112 subjects [38.3%] had no refractive errors. The results of investigating the symptoms accompanying refractive errors were found in the following order of prevalence: Red eye [28%]; Ptergyume [17.5%]; Hyperemia [16.1%]; Burning [12.4%]; Lacriamtion [11%] and others [15%]. There was no significant difference, in terms of age, between the subjects having refractive errors and those without them [P=0.842]. There wasn't any significant relationship between age and refractive errors, either [P=0.896]. However, outdoor environment [P=0.014] as well as natural light [P=0.016] were found to have had positive effects on the subjects' refractive errors. Although the duration of working background has found to be positively effective on refractive errors, the subjects' age hasn't showed such effect. Natural light and outdoor work environment have had significant relationships with the subjects' refractive errors. As for accompanying symptoms, Red eye [28%] was the most frequent