ABSTRACT
Although cesarean section is the preferred mode of delivery for some mothers ,the rate of cesarean section deliveries has increased to more than 50 percent in some countries. While the World Health Organization has emphasized, cesarean section be performed only based on the indication. This study will assesses the causes and factors influenced on choosing the delivery method in pregnant women referred to Public Hospitals in Shiraz. A descriptive design was used to assess factors related to mothers' decisions about mode of delivery. Using a cluster random sampling method, a total number of 417 Pregnant women admitted to hospitals in Shiraz were included in the study. Data were collected by a questionnaire and interview. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, and fisher exact test with using SPSS software. The results showed significant relation among factors Urbanity, Infant health status, Concern about genital injuries, Spouse views and Willingness to cesarean with choice of cesarean [p<0/05]. Due to significant positive attitude of women's towards the cesarean, rather than normal delivery, it is necessary to inform them about the advantages of normal delivery and health hazard which might cause by Cesarean to the mother and child. The change of women's Knowledge and attitude about cesarean is needed to avoid further complication
ABSTRACT
Congenital hypothyroidisrn causes irreversible, irreparable damage and lifelong complications such as mental retardation. Using the Health Belief Model questionnaire, this study aimed to determine the effect of a health education program on mother's participation for neonatal hypothyroidisrn screening program. In the current interventional study, 46 pregnant women from three Health-medicine centers were randomly assigned to an intervention group and 46 pregnant women from three other health centers were assigned to the control group. The Health Belief Model questionnaire assessed perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action. For measuring the scientific validity of the designed tool, there was an expert panel, and for reliability we used Cronbach's Alpha. This questionnaire was completed by both groups before educational intervention. The educational intervention consisted of 4 educational sessions, implemented for the intervention group. After the training, the questionnaire was completed again by both groups. Data analyzed with SPPS software using chi-square and ANCOVA. There were statistically significant deferencse between the two groups regarding the perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and cues to action scores after the training sessions [p<0.001]. The difference in mean barrier scores of the two groups was not statistically significant after the training sessions [p=0.16]. Timely referral by mothers for neonatal hypothyroidisrn screening was higher in the intervention group [p<0.001].The study indicated that educational programs based on Health Belief Model assessment are effective in timely participation of mothers for neonatal screening and its use is strongly recommended in screening programs
ABSTRACT
Ticks are obligate blood feeders that parasitize a wide variety of animals. Hyalomma aegyptium, parasitize tortoises and other small wild life and livestock. This study was carried out to determine spur-thighed tortoise [Testudo graeca] infestation to H. ageyptium in Urmia region West Azerbaijan of Iran. The study was carried out over a 16 month period from the spring of 2004 to the fall of 2005. A total of 32 tortoises were sampled. The results indicated that 14 tortoises infected with ticks. A total of 117 ticks were collected from infested animals, the minimum and maximum tick infestation was 1-60. Ticks were attached to the axilla of fore and hind legs of tortoises. All ticks were determined to be H. aegyptium. H. aegyptium was the most common tick species in the study area. Due to tendency of some people to keeping tortoise as pet animal, more attention must be done to tortoise's tick infestation. Due to existence of H. aegyptium on tortoises in this region more study will need to evaluate presence of this tick on other animal species and its role on transmission of diseases
Subject(s)
Animals , Insecta , Tick InfestationsABSTRACT
Besides of transmitting several diseases to animals, and tick paralysis, Ornithodoros lahorensis induce skin lesions. This experiment was done to determine histopathological features of adult O. lahorensis bite on rat. In this investigation adult male rats were infested with O. lahorensis ticks. Animals were divided into two groups and euthanized two days and two weeks after infestation. The skin samples were fixed in 10% buffer formal saline and processed and sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The lesions reflected the clinical and gross findings, with hyperemia, edema and vacuolation in the early stages, cellular infiltrations, principally lymphocyte accompanied vascular changes. Newly formed fibrous tissue with large number of hyperemic capillaries and active inflammatory process in which lymphocytes and eosinophils were the predominant cells, were seen after two weeks. Foci of necrosis in the epithelium with remnant of infiltration of polymorphonucular cells with sever hemorrhages were also evident. Vascular changes included prevascular infiltration of lymphocyte and fibrinoied ne'crosis on the vessel walls. This study well documented the different pathological changes of skin of rats with O. lahorensis