ABSTRACT
The Zika virus [ZIKV] became the latest threat to global health security when WHO declared on 1[st] February 2016, that recently reported clusters of microcephaly and other neurological disorders in Brazil constitute a Public Health Emergency of International Concern [PHEIC]. These clusters were reported concurrently with an outbreak of ZIKV, which has been ongoing in Brazil and other countries in the America region since 2015. A growing body of clinical and epidemiological data possibly leans towards a causal role for ZEKV as the occurrence of the clusters of microcephaly and other neurological disorders principally the Guillain-Barre' syndrome are associated in time and place with the ongoing ZIKV transmission in the America region. So far, Zika viral transmission has been documented in a total of 69 countries and territories with autochthonous transmission from 2007 to 10 August 2016. The geographical range of ZIKV has been increasing steadily. Considering the presence of competent vectors that transmit ZIKV in some parts of the Gulf countries, and the close relationship with Brazil, a local transmission of the virus is plausible once the virus is introduced through travel. This review suggests the integration of epidemiological and entomological surveillance for monitoring and control of the vectors of ZIKV. The risks associated with ZIKV infection and the possible threat to the Gulf Sates was described. A strategic Zika response framework [SRF] for the Gulf States has been developed to meet their urgent need for a collaborative and coordinated response for prevention and spread of ZIKV infection. A coordinated response of all partners in the Golf States across sectors and services at national, as well as, regional levels is required
ABSTRACT
The present study provided information on the susceptibility status of the adult and larvae of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Bioassay tests were performed on adults and larvae by using WHO recommended concentrations and test kits. Adults of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were exposed to test papers impregnated with Lambda-cyhalothrin [0.05%], Cyfluthrin [0.15%], Deltamethrin [0.05%], Permethrin [0.75%], Fenitrothion [1%], Bendiocarb [0.1%] and DDT [4%] insecticides. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were found to be susceptible only to Cyfluthrin; [mortality rate was 100%], whereas variable resistances were observed from the rest of the other insecticides tested [mortality rates ranged between 93.6 and 17%]. Larvae were subjected to different concentrations of Diflubenzuron, Methoprene [IGRs] and Temephos [Organophosphate]. Adult emergence inhibition [IE50 and IE95] values for the IGRs and the [LC[50] and LC[95]] for Temephos were determined by log-probit regression analysis. Ae. aegypti larvae were resistant to Temephos [LC[50] 61.8 - LC[95] 35600.1 mg/l] and showed high susceptibility to Methoprene than Diflubenzuron [IE[50] 0.49 - IE[95] 10.9 mg/l] and [IE[50] 0.86 and IE[95] 93.8 mg/l], respectively. Larvae were more susceptible to Methoprene than Diflubenzuron by 1.8 folds