Naso-Maxillary extramedullary plasmacytoma: a case report

We report an early case of extramedullary, right maxillary sinus and nasal, plasmacytoma. The patient was a 27 years old female who presented with nasal bleeding and a nasal mass. Imaging studies showed opacities in the nasal cavity and the maxillary sinus but there was no bone involvement. A biopsy from the nasal mass showed a plasmacytoma. She was investigated to rule out systemic disease. The investigations included; serum electrophoresis, urine analysis for Bence Jones proteins, bone marrow aspirates study and radiological skeletal survey. The results of all investigations were negative. After complete excision of the tumour endoscopically the patient was treated with adjuvant radiotherapy. She remained well, without recurrence or spread of the tumour at 4 years follow up. CT scans pre and postoperatively as well as H and E and Immunohistochemistry slides are presented. To our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported in Sudan

Actiology of end-stage renal disease among adult Sudanese patients

Very limited data are available public awareness for the causes of End Stage Renal Diseases [ESRD]. Public awareness of the cause of [ESRD] helps both the nephrologists, patients and their families to anticipate problems during renal replacement therapy and helps to plan preventive measures for the community. To find out the major preventable causes of ESRD among adult Sudanese patients on regular haemodialysis [HD] at three haemodialysis centres. This is a prospective, descriptive study. Diabetes, hypertension and history of urinary tract obstruction were taken to determine the causes of ESRD. Interventions like renal biopsies were not taken and cases like nephritis are labelled as others. The population examined was one hundred patients on regular HD. We found that the leading cause of ESRD were hypertension in 43, diabetes mellitus in 18 obstructive uropathy in two and other causes [nephritis] in 37 patients. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obstructive uropathy are the major noncommunicable preventable diseases that cause ESRD

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sudan: an update

Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L.major is now endemic in many parts of the northern Sudan. In this up-date we discuss the clinical manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis, its diagnosis and treatment. The most common clinical forms are nodular, noduloulcerative and ulcerative lesions. Less common forms are sporotrichoid lesions, leishmanial dactylitis, leishmanial cheilitis, mycetoma- and residivans-like types. In a suspected case the diagnosis is made by demonstration of leishmania parasites in slit smears or biopsy, isolation of the parasite by culture in appropriate media and by the polymerase chain reaction [PCR] using specific primers. The majority of lesions heal spontaneously. Criteria for local or systemic treatment are given

unusual case of mucosal leishmaniasis with cutaneous dissemination in Sudan and its epidemiological significance

Sudan is endemic for visceral, cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis. The latter is the least common of the three forms of leishmaniasis. It is caused by L. donovani, the same parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis [VL] in the country. Most of the cases were reported from VL endemic areas, the majority in adults. The disease may be primary in the oral and or the upper respiratory mucosa or may follow or accompany visceral leishmaniasis. This paper is a report of a case of mucosal leishmaniasis of the nose and lips. It is unusual in several aspects: the disease was acquired in a village where no cases of VL or mucosal leishmaniasis were recorded within living memory, before an outbreak in 1981 during which the patient was infected; the patient was infected at the age of five years and the disease remained active for 22 years causing physical deformity and psychological trauma to the patient