Study of arterial blood gases and pulmonary systolic pressure of children with adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy

Fifty cases with adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy were included in this study, these patients were in the waiting list for adeno-tonsillectomy. Their ages ranged from 2 to 12 years [33 males and 17 females]. The study aimed at evaluation of changes of arterial blood gases [ABG] and pulmonary systolic pressure [PSP] of these cases. Thorough history and physical examination was done with special emphasis on cardiac and chest condition, patients proved to have cardiac or chronic chest problems were excluded. These patients were subjected to: plain x-ray lateral view on the head and neck, electro-cardio-gram [ECG], colored echo-Doppler and arterial blood sample for ABG study. Ten healthy children of matched age were included as a control group, among the attendant of pediatric surgery clinic and listed for surgical intervention. The consent of parents was taken.. As regards to ABG results of the study versus control group were PH [7.33 +/- 0.05 versus 7.38 +/- 0.01], PaCO2 [38.51mmHg. +/- 1.84 versus 37.3mmHg +/- 1.73], PaO2 [77.26mmHg +/- 8.99 versus 78.9mmHg +/- 7.3] and O2 saturation [95.8% +/- 5.89 versus 96.9% +/- 1.11]. The difference of ABG between study and control group was not statistically significant [P value < 0.1,

Clinical and lipid profile for children of parents with early onset coronary artery disease

The present study aimed at evaluation of preventable risk factors [obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, style of life] of children with family history of early onset Coronary Artery Disease [CAD]. The study included 60 children, whose one of their parents has early onset CAD [36 male and 24 female], their ages range from 6 to 12 years. Full history taken including style of life and mode of diet, clinical examination including calculation of Body Mass Index [BMI] and systemic blood pressure. Children proved to have chronic renal, hepatic disorders or nutritional deficiencies are excluded. Venous blood sample was taken, after overnight fasting, for determination of serum level of cholesterol, triglycerides, High Density Lipid [HDL], Low Density Lipid [LDL] and Very Low Density Lipid [VLDL]. Ten healthy children, don't have family history of CAD, were included as a control group. The mean BMI of study versus control group was [26.2 +/- 4.49 versus 23.7 +/- 2.4]; the difference was not statistically significant [P value < 0.5]. The weight grading, according to WHO classification for healthy weight, 27 out of 60 [45%] have healthy weight, 15/60 [25%] have over weight, 12/60 [20%] have class I obesity and 6/60 [10%] have class II obesity. The mean systolic blood pressure of study group was higher than control [107.2 mmHg. +/- 11.6 versus 104 mmHg. +/- 9.8], but the difference was not statistically significant [P value < 0.05]. The mean diastolic pressure was [65.5 mmHg. +/- 5.3 versus 64.4 mmHg. +/- 5.05] and the difference was not statistically significant [P value < 0. 1]. The mean serum cholesterol level of study group versus control was [3.86 mmol/L. +/- 0.38 versus 3.80 mmol/L. +/- 0.44], triglycerides was [1.15mmol/L. +/- 0.41 versus 1.09 mmol/L. +/- 0.37], LDL was [2.31 mmol/L. _ 0.30 versus 2.18mmol/L. +/- 0.16] and VLDL was [0.49mmol/L. +/- 0.12 versus o.48mmol/L. +/- 0.07], the difference was not statistically significant [P value < 0.1, <0.1, <0.5, < 0.5 respectively]. HDL was [1.31mmol/L. +/- 0.18 versus 1.36mmol/L. +/- 0.24]; the difference was not statistically significant [P value < 0.1]. The correlation coefficient between the children and their parents for blood pressure and serum cholesterol level was weak positive [r = 0.21 and 0.27 respectively] Atherosclerosis is a progressive process over decades, may begin in childhood. Obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and sedentary life are known risk factors of CAD; some of these factors are preventable. Therefore, screening of BMI, blood pressure and lipid profile of children's belong to families with a history of early onset CAD, have to be done in childhood and adulthood, for early detection of these risk factors, looking for preventing or retarding CAD