Concept Analysis of Empowerment in Old People with Chronic Diseases Using a Hybrid Model

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the meaning and the nature of empowerment concept in some Iranian old people suffering from chronic diseases. METHODS: Concept analysis was undertaken according to the hybrid model, which consists of three phases: an initial theoretical phase, a fieldwork phase and a final analytical phase. After an extensive review of the literature in order to describe the characteristics and definition of the concept, a fieldwork phase followed in order to empirically elucidate the empowerment concept in the Iranian old people with chronic diseases. In the third phase, attributes of empowerment were extracted from the first and second phases. Purposive sampling was done for 13 participants consisted of 7 old people with chronic diseases, 3 family caregivers of elderly adult with chronic disease and 3 health care providers with experience of care with elderly patients with chronic disease. RESULTS: The review of literature in theoretical phase determined the attributes of the concept, including "active participation", "informed change", "knowledge to problem solve", "self-care responsibility", "presence of client competency", and "control of health or life". Fieldwork phase determined attributes such as "awareness promotion", "sense of control", "the development of personal abilities", "autonomy", and "coping". In the final analytical phase, the critical attributes of old people with chronic diseases were investigated. They included "social participation", "informed change", "awareness promotion to problem solve", "presence of client competency", and "control of health or life", "autonomy", "coping" and "the development of personal abilities". CONCLUSION: The concept analysis of empowerment showed some of the required conditions for the empowerment of older people with chronic diseases in nursing care, which have not been mentioned in the literature.

Corrigendum to Concept Analysis of Empowerment in Old People with Chronic Diseases Using a Hybrid Model Asian Nursing Research 8 (2014) 118-127

The authors regret that one of the coauthor's affiliation in this article was incorrectly printed.

Iranian undergraduate nursing student perceptions of informal learning: a qualitative research

Nursing education is both formal and informal. Formal education represents only a small part of all the learning involved; and many students learn more effectively through informal processes. There is little information about nursing student informal education and how it affects their character and practice. This qualitative study explores undergraduate nursing student perceptions of informal learning during nursing studies. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with a sample of undergraduate nursing students [n = 14]. Strauss and Corbin's constant comparison analysis approach was used for data analysis. The categories that emerged included personal maturity and emotional development, social development, closeness to God, alterations in value systems, and ethical and professional commitment. Findings reveal that nursing education could take advantage of informal learning opportunities to develop students' nontechnical skills and produce more competent students. Implications for nursing education are discussed.

[Factors influencing organ donation decisions by brain death patients' families: a qualitative study]

Objective [s]: To explore various effective factors relevant to the decision for organ donation of Brain-Death patient's family

Method: This study is a qualitative research with its focus on the content analysis approach. Data collection process included 38unstructured in- depth interviews with 14 Brain-Death patient's families [totaling 34 participants] who announced their consent to donate their patient's organ and so with 12 families who refused from organ donation and field notes. Sampling method begun as purposive in transplantation management center in Mashhad University of medical science - October 2009 -and continued until data saturation occurred in December 2010

Results: Qualitative content analyses of interviews and filed notes resulted to six main themes were extracted from the current dataset that showed the most important factors which influenced family's decision making process These were included: brain death acceptance, cognitive preparation,confrontation's quality and time, decision makeing mediators', familial interactions, bleives and motivators

Conclusion: The results showed a number of factors are influential in organ donation that Discovering and explaining these factors help policy makers and administrators to planing and interventions in relation to culture-building and facilitate organ donation. Also recommended medical team team ensure families understand the concept of brain death and its irreversibility and give thems clear and complete information