ABSTRACT
The veStibular system is important for the development of normal movement reactions, motion tolerance, and motor control for poStural alignment, balance, and vision
A veStibular system that is damaged by disease or injury in childhood can have a major impact on a child's development In addition, the emergence of veStibular lesions may also lead to cognitive deficits, including attention deficit Despite the advances in testing and documentation of veStibular deficits in children, the veStibular problems continue to be an overlooked entity. Many children do not receive treatment that could significantly improve function and address the developmental delays caused by veStibular disorders
VeStibular rehabilitation therapy [VRT] has been defined as an effective modality for moSt individuals with disorders of the veStibular or central balance system disorders. The basis for the success of VRT is the use of existing neural mechanisms in the human brain for adaptation, plasticity, and compensation. The veStibular syStem cannot be considered as a separate entity ignoring other balance subsystems. Hence, a modified VRT program, named pediatric balance therapy with special modifications in exercises, was developed for children with veStibular disorders, in accordance to the whole balance system
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This Study investigates the impact of neurofeedback on perceptual-motor skills of 5 to 12 years old children with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder [ADHD]
Methods: In this clinical Study, 40 children between the ages of 5-12 years, who were patients of the Tavanesh Clinic and diagnosed with ADHD, were randomly chosen and divided into two groups of control and test. 20-neurofeedback intervention sessions were performed The tools utilized in this Study included Bruninks-Oseretsky Tesl of Motor Proficiency and Child behavior checklist [CBCL] survey questionnaire. For evaluation after the intervention, Bruninks-Oseretsky TeSt of Motor Proficiency scale for children, along with CBCL questionnaire surveys were asked to fill up by the participants' mothers
Results: After the intervention, the analysis of the scores in all perceptual-motor skills showed significant differences in both groups, but no significant difference was observed in the subteSt of Strength. The CBCL survey questionnaire revealed that the average scores on attention disorder, aggression, lack of attention and hyperactivity, externalizing and general problems in the test group is significantly less than that of the control group. However, in the confrontational behavior [internalization], there was no Statistically significant difference between the test and control groups
There was a correlation between the change of motor skills and change of behavioral patterns in ADHD children
Discussion: Neurofeedback intervention can have positive effects on improving the perceptual-motor skills of children with ADHD
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD] is a disorder of neurobiological behavioral system. This disorder includes features such as attention deficit, impulsivity, and chronic, disproportionate-with-growth hyperactivity which reduce the child's ability to regulate, control, organize his behavior and cause attention deficit in activity of daily living [ADL]. ADHD is one of the most common childhood disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of QEEG-based biofeedback on behavioral and attention factors of 7 to 14 year-old boys diagnosed with ADHD
Method: 40 boys diagnosed with ADHD were randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. Integrated Visual and Auditory [IVA] test and Children's Behavioral Check List [CBCL] were used before the treatment and after 8 intervening weeks of treatment in both groups. Moreover, the brain mapping [QEEG] of the experimental group was used to design a treatment protocol. The experimental group received 24 sessions of neurofeedback therapy three times a week. The acquired data was analyzed using the Analysis of Covariance [ACNOVA]
Results: Our findings demonstrated a significant difference in test results between the experimental and control groups upon IVA and CBCL tests following the neurofeedback intervention. Moreover, there was a significant difference between pre- and post-tests in the neurofeedback group. Interaction effect was insignificant at the time
Conclusion: Results of the present study showed that neurofeedback can bring significant improvements in attention factors especially, sustained attention and children's externalizing behaviors. As such, neurofeedback may be considered as one of the therapeutic modalities used along with core therapies and medication, though, more research is needed to compare the clinical effects of different treatment protocols with one another
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Introduction: We hypothesized that inappropriate attention during the period of abstinence in individuals with substance use disorder can result in an inadequate perception of emotion and unsuitable reaction to emotional scenes. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the attentional bias towards emotional images in former substance abusers and compare it to healthy adults
Methods: Paired images of general scenes consisting of pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral images were presented to subjects for 3 s while their attentional bias and eye movements were measured by eye tracking. The participants were 72 male adults consisting of 23 healthy control, 24 morphine former abusers, and 25 methamphetamine former abusers. The former abusers were recruited from a private addiction quitting center and addiction rehabilitation campus. The healthy individuals were selected from general population. Number and duration of first fixation, duration of first gaze, and sustained attention towards emotional scenes were measured as the main variables and the data were analyzed using the repeated measures ANOVA
Results: A significant difference was observed between former morphine abusers and healthy control in terms of number and duration of first fixations and first gaze duration towards pleasant images
Discussion: Individuals with morphine use disorder have more problems with attending to emotional images compared to methamphetamine abusers and healthy people
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Objective: Falls are one of the major problems in the elderly and are considered one of the [Geriatric Giants]. Recurrent falls an important cause of morbidity and mortality in this segment of the population and is a marker of poor physical and cognitive status. The aim of the present study is to compare the VNG [Videonystagmography] test results in adults with and without falls history
Materials and Methods: 60 adults [30 with one or more falls history and 30 without any falls history] above 65 year old performed the VNG subtests included saccade, gaze, smooth pursuit, positional nystagmus, spontaneous nystagmus and caloric at rehabilitation faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Results: According to the data 74% of the faller group showed abnormal performance in the caloric subtest and more than 60% had abnormal results in the saccade, gaze and smooth pursuit subtests too. The members who suffered from central vestibular disorders had worse function than the others who suffered from peripheral vestibular ones
Conclusion: The non- faller group had better performance than the faller group in all of the subtests which indicates better vestibular system status in this group. According to the results, VNG performance can help guide the clinicians in the development of a safe exercise program
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Objective: The relation between autism disorder's symptoms and cognitive capabilities can help with a better phenotype description of this disorder and can facilitate its pathological evaluation and treatment. Destruction of executive functions seems to be one of the cognitive reasons of potential phenotype in autism disorder. Thus, the present paper aims to study the relationship between executive dysfunction and autism disorder's symptoms
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional research, 50 children with high-functioning autism were selected using convenience sampling method from Behara, Tehranpars and Roshd centers. Then, the GARS test and Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire was completed by therapists and neuropsychological tests of Strop and continuous performance test and shift attention were taken by the subjects. Pearson correlation coefficient and multi-variant regression were used for data analysis
Results: There is a significant positive relationship between selective attention with communicative and social interaction symptoms, sustained attention with social interaction symptoms and repetitive behaviors, shifting attention with communicative, social interaction and repetitive behavior symptoms [P<0.001] [P<0.01] [P<0.05]. In addition, the results of regression analysis also revealed that selective attention and shifting attention can predict communication, and sustained attention can predict social interaction and repetitive behaviors symptoms [P<0.01] [P<0.05]
Conclusion: The results obtained by this study indicate the significant role of executive functions in autistic symptoms. Thus, it is recommended to consider new treatment interventions in repairing executive functions for treatment of children with autistic disorder
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Objective: Cerebral palsy is one of the most common causes of physical disability in childhood that lead to various difficulties for children. These children may have abnormalities in visual perception. Visual perception plays an important role in learning of basic childhood's skills. This research was designed to study the relation between each of subtests of visual perception with accuracy and speed components of reading skills in school-aged cerebral palsy children
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 24 spastic cerebral palsy students in second grade [10 girls and 14 boy] were selected be available as from Tehran's rehabilitation clinics. Visual perception and Reading skills were evaluated with the Test of Visual Perceptual Skill-revised [TVPS-R] and Diagnostic Reading Test
Results: The results showed that between standard score of visual perception with accuracy and speed components of reading skills of cerebral palsy student were significantly correlated. Visual Discrimination with accuracy [P<0.001] and with speed [P<0.001], Visual Memory with accuracy [P=0.002] and with speed [P=0.004], Visual-Spatial with accuracy [P<0.001] and with speed [P<0.001], Form Constancy with accuracy [P=0.003] and with speed [p<0.001], Visual Sequential Memory with accuracy [P=0.023] and with speed [P<0.028], Figure Ground Discrimination with accuracy [P=0.010] and with speed [P<0.011], Visual Closure with accuracy [p=0.009] and with speed [P<0.009]
Conclusion: In general we can say that the relationship between visual perception skills with reading skills in first and second grade students with cerebral palsy is evident
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Complementary and alternative medicine methods [CAM] are now used for a wide range of disorders. Craniosacral therapy [CST] is one of CAM methods in which manual maneuvers with light forces are used for different aspects of health. In the present research, the effects of CST were studied for reducing symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]. Twenty-four children with ADHD were recruited as an available sample from Roshd Occupational Therapy Center and divided randomly into control and experimental groups. Before and after intervention, the Conner's Parents Rating Scale as well as child's symptom inventory-4th was filled out by parents. Both groups participated in occupational therapy programs as a routine intervention, while the experimental group received an additional CST for 15 sessions, twice a week. The collected data were analyzed as the covariance method by SPSS16. CST showed significant effects on increasing attention, reducing hyperactivity, oppositional defiant, conduct disorder, anxiety and embarrassment, social problems and psychosomatic problems of the participants. CST as a type of biomechanical correction can facilitate improvement in children with symptoms of ADHD
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Child , Child , Complementary Therapies/standards , Psychosomatic Medicine , Data Collection , Massage , StudentsABSTRACT
Autism is one subsets of pervasive developmental disorders that are characterized by abnormal behaviors and verbal communication. In recent years, the reason for this communication disorder has been developed for determining executive function. The current study investigated the feasibility of audiovisual stimulation intervention focused on enhancing executive function in children with high-functioning autism. 41 children diagnosed with high functioning autism randomly selected and assigned in to experimental [20] and control [21] group. Initially both of groups were administered by the "Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning Test".then intervention group received 18 sessions of audiovisual stimulation across 6weeks and two groups were administered by test again. Multivariate analysis was used to compare significant advances in variables progress. Considering significance level, outcome indicates that audio visual stimulation used in the present study increased executive function [inhibition, shifting and planning ability] based on Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning measures [F= 5/55, P<0/05, F= 24/587, P< 0/05, F= 15/28, p<0/05]. These findings suggest that the audiovisual stimulation platform is a promising tool for improving executive function subsets. Similarly, the use of such technology that is user friendly appears to prevent onset of early behavioral problems and executive dysfunction in children with autism